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POSTING COORDINATOR :
POSTING
COORDINATOR
NAME
TEL
MM40508
Posting Coordinator
Dr Thit Lwin
0162740611
AP Dr Hamed Sayed
0165825010
ORTHOPAEDIC POSTING
Introduction to orthopaedic musculoskeletal examination is made at the second year of the preclinical year. The students already have the
basic knowledge of history taking and will be able to do general physical examination. Since orthopaedics is considered as a speciality posting,
the students are only expected to know the general principles involving the management of common orthopaedic problems. The first week of
the posting will be focusing on techniques of orthopaedic examination and history taking. The core knowledge is divided into 7 parts: TRAUMA,
INFECTION, METABOLISM & INFLAMMATORY, DEGENERATIVE, TUMOUR and CONGENITAL.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
1. MODULE OUTCOMES
2. KNOWLEDGE
The student should master the knowledge of:
Trauma
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
Spine fracture and spinal cord injury- stable and unstable fracture spine.
x.
xi.
Infection
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Degenerative
i.
ii.
Osteoporosis
ii.
Tumour
i.
ii.
Congenital
i.
ii.
iii.
Others
i.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Plantar fasciitis
g) Sub-ungual haematoma.
ii.
Principles in rehabilitation
iii.
Orthopaedic radiology.
iv.
3. SKILL
At the end of the posting the student should be able to acquire the following skills:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
4. ATTITUDE
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Understand and respect community, culture, ethnic, religious and social diversities.
Work as a team and be a responsible person.
Aware of own limitation and willing to seek help.
Thoroughness.
High professionalism and ethical standard.
Teaching Methods
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
Lectures
Demonstration
Small group discussion
Seminars
Workshops
Bedside teaching
Ward round
Outpatient clinic
Observation in operating theatre
Hand out & self guided learning packages
TEACHING METHOD
NUMBER
HOURS
Lectures
13
13
SGD
10
Seminar
10
Workshop
3week/package
Bedside teaching
15
30
Clinic session
10
20
OT session
15
30
1hr/round
List of lectures
10
SEMINAR
SMALL GROUP
DISCUSSION
SELF LEARNING
PACKAGES
1. Amputation.
2. Benign
osteoporosis
WORKSHOP
musculoskeletal tumor
3. Spine infection- Pyogenic and
TB infection.
3. Traumatic dislocation.
3. Arthroscopy
4. Diabetic foot ulcer.
4. Fracture complications.
5. Common ortho-clinic disorder.
5. Soft tissue infections.
11
DAY/TIME
MORNING
AFTERNOON
Monday
to orthopaedic practice
Tuesday
Knee examination/Demonstration
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Learning Objectives
Lectures
L1. Management of open fracture
12
After the completion of this lecture, the students should be able to:
understand the stabilization of the fracture by using internal or external fixation devices.
L2. Poly-trauma
After the completion of this lecture, the students should be able to:
define poly-trauma.
know the pre-hospital management consisting of immediate action and triage, assessment and initial management.
After the completion of this lecture, the students should be able to:
discuss the anatomical and biomechanical differences between the paediatric and adult bone
discuss common paediatric fracture types
describe the Salter-Harris classification of physeal injuries
understand the importance of assessment of ossification centres around joints
describe the principles of paediatric fracture evaluation and management
describe the principles of common adult fracture evaluation and management
define osteonecrosis.
describe the various site of avascular necrosis
discuss the incidence of osteonecrosis and identify the four most common causes
describe the pathophysiology of avascular necrosis.
describe the methods used in the diagnosis and treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head.
L8. Osteoarthritis
After completion of this lecturer, students should be able to:
At the
Outline the treatment of the spine fractures and spinal cord injury.
16
After the completion of this lecture, the students should be able to:
acquire basic knowledge on imaging ( contrast media, computed tomogram and magnetic resonance imaging).
17
describe the clinical features in brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus injury.
approach to a patient with diabetic foot problems, history taking, physical examination and investigation in diabetic foot.
assess the diabetic foot ulcers e.g ulcer examination.
classification of diabetic foot ulcers. (Wagners and University of texus)
describe the principles in management of dfu.
educate the patient concerning about foot care.
educate the do and dont in patient with diabetic foot.
4. Spine infection
After the Discussion the student should be able to:
A.
B.
Trigger finger
After the discussion student must be able to:
approach to a patient with trigger finger or thumb, history taking and physical examination.
C.
De Quervain tenosynovitis
After the discussion student must be able to:
approach a patient with de Quervains disease, history taking and physical examination.
D.
Tennis elbow
After the discussion student must be able to:
E.
Frozen shoulder
After the discussion student must be able to:
approach a patient with frozen shoulder, history taking and physical examination.
describe the clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of frozen shoulder.
20
F.
Plantar fasciitis
After the discussion student must be able to:
approach a patient with plantar fasciitis, history taking and physical examination.
describe the clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of plantar fasciitis.
G.
Subungual haematoma
After the discussion student must be able to:
approach a patient with subungual haematoma, history taking and physical examination.
Seminar
21
Compare and contrast the two types of bone formation: intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
Compare the structure, functions, and locations of the three kinds of cartilage tissue.
Describe the functions of the bony skeleton and of bone tissue.
Describe the gross anatomy of a typical long bone and a typical flat bone.
Describe the histology of compact and spongy bone.
Describe the structural components of bone tissue and the functions of its organic and inorganic parts.
Describe the types of markings found on bones
Differentiate the cells found in bone tissue and their functions.
Explain how bones withstand tension and compression.
Stages of bone healing
Normal & abnormal bone healing
Types of bone healing (primary & secondary intention)
Radiographic Determinants of Healing: Non-union (atrophic & hypertrophic) Mal-union, Delayed union
Describe the balance between mechanical and biological factors in fracture healing (Factor affecting bone healing)
Bone Turnover
Able to describe how modeling & remodeling contribute to the phases of skeletal development & maintenance
Understand how metabolic bone disease is a result of uncoupling of the normal remodeling process.
Comprehend how changes in bone density (or mass) reflect the variations in modeling and remodeling.
Osteoporosis
Radiographs, bone densitometry and bone histomorphometry all can diagnose osteopenia. Appraise the relative merits and
disadvantages of these three techniques in the clinical assessment of osteopenia.
Hormonal regulation of mineral balance depends primarily upon Diagram the expected changes PTH, 1,25 (OH)2 (calcitriol),
vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and calcitonin and resultant effects on skeletal Ca balance in
Relate the major available treatments for osteoporosis to their effects on the remodeling process.
22
Describe the beneficial effects of estrogen at the level of the kidney, gut and bone that may lead to a reduction in osteoporosis
risk in a postmenopausal woman.
You have recently been elected health czar on your sole campaign promise to wipeout osteoporosis. What are the major public
health recommendations of your platform? Justify each plank of your platform with your understanding of skeletal physiology.
Osteomalacia
Characterize the clinical presentation of osteomalacia and differentiate it from that of osteoporosis.
Disorders of skeletal mineralization are lumped into the general category of osteomalacia. However, rickets is a term reserved for
a particular clinical situation. Why?
Normal skeletal mineralization relies on an adequate supply of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus. List two clinical situations in
which deficiencies in each of these critical elements can develop.
Provide a clinical situation for the use of each form of vitamin D and explain why the use of the other two forms of vitamin D
would be inappropriate in the given setting.
3. Fracture complications
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of crush syndrome.
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of gas gangrene.
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of fat embolism.
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of compartment syndrome.
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of gas gangrene.
23
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of delayed union.
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of avascular necrosis.
describe the clinical features and outline the treatment of Volkmanns contracture.
describe the mechanism of injury, clinical features, morbid anatomy, management and complications of acute traumatic
dislocations of shoulder.
24
demonstrate reduction technique in shoulder dislocation.
describe the mechanism of injury, clinical features, morbid anatomy, management and complications of acute traumatic
dislocations of hip.
describe mechanism of injury, clinical approach to knee injury, diagnosis and management of acl tear.
25
In self-learning packages, all students must participate in each assignment. The assignments are delivered to students
one week before the presentation. Each presentation takes ten minutes.
After the presentation student must be able to
classify the low back pain based on duration. describe the epidemiology of low back pain.
describe the history and physical examination in patient with low back pain.
describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and management of prolapsed
intervertebral disc.
describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and management of spinal stenosis.
describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and management of spondylolisthesis.
26
CSL
POP Workshop
Arthroscopy
27
ASSESSMENT
METHOD OF ASSESSMENT
TIME
28
QUESTION TYPE
NUMBER OF QUESTION
PER Q
MARK (%)
30
2 minutes
60 minutes
10
12
5 minutes
60 minutes
10
Essay
30 minutes
60 minutes
10
OSCE
6 Stations
10 minutes
60 minutes
15
1 Case
60minutes
100 minutes
15
(clerking 60 min)
Short Case
TOTAL
60
Case Report 1
Case Report 2
30
100
29
1. Apleys System of Orthopaedics and fractures (9th edition) by Louis Solomon, David Warwick and Selvadurai Nayagam, 2010.
2. Clinical Orthopaedic examination by Ronald Mc Rae (Churchill Livingstone 6 th. edition), 2012.
3. Review of Orthopaedics by Mark D. Miller, 6th. ed, 2012.
4. Wheelers textbook of orthopaedic, 2011.
5. Principles of Orthopeadic Practice by Roger Dee, 2003 (2 nd Edition).
30
YEAR 4
SESSION 2013/2014
WEEK 1
31
DATE / TIME
7.30 am - 8.30
am
8.30 am 9.30
am
9.30 am 10.30
am
10.30 am 11.30 am
Briefing
Overview of
orthopaedic
Dr Thit Lwin
Ward roundHQEII
Dr Thit Lwin
Ward work
AP Dr Hamed Sayed
Ward work
APDr. Iftikhar
Spine Examination
Gp B :M/ Ward
Dr. Thit Lwin
Clinical
Demonstration
Clinical examination
practice session
Hip examination
Hip Examination
Gp B : F/Ward
AP Dr Arif
Ward roundHQEII
Clinic QEH II
Gp A : F/Ward
THURSDAY
30/10/2014
AP Dr Hamed Sayed
Gp A : M/Ward
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Ward roundHQEII
WEDNESDAY
29/10/2014
3.00 pm - 5.00 pm
CSL
Gp A : F/Ward
TUESDAY
28/10/2014
2.00 pm - 3.00 pm
AP Dr Iftikhar
32
YEAR 4
SESSION 2013/2014
WEEK 2
33
DATE / TIME
7.30 am - 8.30
am
8.30 am 9.30
am
9.30 am 10.30
am
10.30 am 11.30 am
2.00 pm - 3.00
pm
Ward roundHQEII
Seminar1:
Gp A : F/Ward
MONDAY
03/11/2014
3.00 pm - 5.00 pm
BST
APDr.Iftikhar
Ward work
Gp B : M/ Ward
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Metabolic bone
diseases &
osteoporosis
APDr. Iftikhar
Dr.Thit Lwin
Ward roundHQEII
GpA: F/Ward A
TUESDAY
04/11/2014
Clinic QEH
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Preoperative
round QEHII
SGD2 Peripheral
nerve injuries
AP Dr Hamed Sayed
AP Dr. Arif
Gp B : M/Ward
APDr.Arif
Ward roundHQEII
Gp A : F/Ward
APDr.Iftikhar
WEDNESDAY
05/11/2014
Gp B : M/ Ward
Dr.Thit Lwin
Ward roundHQEII
SGD:3
GpA: F/Ward A
THURSDAY
06/11/2014
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Diabetic foot
BST QEH II
Clinic QEH
All Specialist
Dr Nahulan
Thevarajah
Dr Thit Lwin
34
YEAR 4
DATE / TIME
7.30 am - 8.30 am
8.30 am 9.30
am
9.30 am
10.30 am
SESSION 2013/2014
10.30 am 11.30 am
Seminar 2
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Ward work
GpB:F/Ward
Normal &
abnormal bone
healing
WEEK 3
2.00 pm - 3.00
pm
3.00 pm - 5.00 pm
Trauma
radiology round
BST
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
AP Dr. Iftikhar
AP Dr.Iftikhar
APDr.Arif
Ward roundHQEII
TUESDAY
11/11/2014
Gp A : M/Ward
OPD
AP Dr Iftikhar
Clinic QEH II
Gp B : F/Ward
Workshop 1:
Plaster of Paris (POP) & Splinting
All Specialist
Dr Thit Lwin
WEDNESDAY
12/11/2014
Ward roundHQEII
Gp A : M/Ward
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Gp B : F/Ward
Sayed
Bedside Teaching AM : AP Dr Arif
AP Dr Arif
Ward roundHQEII
Post-operative
round
Gp A : M/Ward
THURSDAY
13/11/2014
Clinic QEH
AP Dr Iftikhar
Ward work
All Specialists
Gp B : F/Ward
Dr Thit Lwin
Dr Thit Lwin
FRIDAY
14/11/2014
Ward Round
H.Likas
AP Dr Iftikhar
YEAR 4
BST
H.Likas
Ward work
AP Dr. Iftikhar
SGD4
Spine
infection
AP Dr. Arif
SESSION 2013/2014
WEEK 4
36
DATE / TIME
7.30 am - 8.30 am
8.30 am
9.30 am
9.30 am 10.30
am
10.30 am - 11.30
am
2.00 pm - 3.00 pm
BST
Ward roundHQEII
Gp A : M/ Ward
MONDAY
17/11/2014
3.00 pm - 5.00 pm
Seminar3
Fracture
complications
Clinic QEH
AP Iftikhar
Ward work
All Specialist
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Gp B : F/Ward
Dr Thit Lwin
Seminar4
Soft tissue
infection
Ward work
Ward roundHQEII
Gp A : M/ Ward
TUESDAY
18/11/2014
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
AP Dr.Arif
Arthroscopy- Demonstration
Preoperative round
SMC
Gp B : F/ Ward
AP Dr Arif
WEDNESDAY
19/11/2014
Gp A : M/ Ward
AP Dr H. Sayed
Gp B : F/Ward
AP Dr Iftikhar
37
AP Dr.Arif
Ward roundHQEII
SGD 5
Gp A : M/ Ward
THURSDAY
20/11/2014
Clinic QEH
AP Iftikhar
All Specialist
Ward Work
AP Dr Hamed Sayed
Gp B : F/Ward
Dr Thit Lwin
SLP 2
FRIDAY
21/11/2014
Ward Round H
Likas
AP Dr Arif
YEAR 4
BST
Likas
H
Ward work
Dr Thit Lwin
AP Dr Arif
SESSION 2013/2014
WEEK 5
38
DATE / TIME
7.30 am - 8.30 am
8.30 am 9.30
am
9.30 am
10.30 am
10.30 am - 11.30
am
2.00 pm - 3.00
pm
3.00 pm - 5.00 pm
Radiology ward
round
Principles in
Rerabilitation II
BS T
AP Dr. KN Yin
AP Dr.Iftikhar
Ward work
Gp B : Male Ward
Dr Thit Lwin
Clinic QEH
AP Dr H. Sayed
All Speacialist
Seminar 5.
BST
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Gp B : F/Ward
AP Dr.Arif
WEDNESDA
Y
26/11/2014
Ward roundHQEII
Traumatic
dislocation , soft
tissue injury
Gp A : Male Ward
AP Dr Iftikhar
Gp B : F/ Ward
AP Dr Arif
Dr Thit Lwin
39
Gp A : M/ Ward
BST
THURSDAY
27/11/2014
AP Dr Hamed
Sayed
Dr Nahulan
Thevarajah
All Specialist
Ward work
Gp B : F/Ward
AP Dr.Arif
SLP 2 Discussion
FRIDAY
28/11/2014
Ward round H
Likas
Dr.Thit Lwin
YEAR 4
DATE / TIME
BST
H
Likas
AP Dr Hamed Sayed
Dr Thit Lwin
7.30 am - 8.30 am
8.30 am 9.30
am
9.30 am
10.30 am
SESSION 2013/2014
10.30 am 11.30 am
WEEK 6
2.00 pm - 3.00
pm
3.00 pm - 5.00pm
40
MONDAY
01/12/2014
BST
Gp A : M/ Ward
AP Dr H.Sayed
BST
Dr Chuah Uei
Chyi
Ward Work
Dr Thit Lwin
Ward Work
Gp B : F/ Ward
AP Dr Arif
TUESDAY
02/12/2014
Workshop 2
Gp A: F/ward
AP Dr.Iftikhar
Clinic QEH II
All Speacialist&MO
Gp B: M/Ward
Dr. Thit Lwin
WEDNESDAY
03/12/2014
OT QEHII
OT -QEHII
Gp A : M/ Ward
Gp 1-OT am-bedside pm
AP Dr H.Sayed
Gp B : F/ Ward
BST AP Dr Iftika
Gp 2-OT pm-bedside am
BST Dr. Thit Lwin
AP Dr Arif
41
THURSDAY
04/12/2014
BST
AP Dr Iftikhar
Revision
Revision
Gp B : F/ Ward
Dr.Thit Lwin
FRIDAY
05/12/2014
Ward round,
Hospital Likas
Dr Thit Lwin
Revision
YEAR 4
DATE / TIME
8.30 am 9.30
SESSION 2013/2014
9.30 am 10.30
7.30 am - 8.30 am
WEEK 7
2.00 pm - 3.00
10.30 am - 11.30 am
am
am
3.00 pm - 5.00 pm
pm
42
Theory examination
08/12/2014
OSCE
TUESDAY
09/12/2014
WEDNESDA
Y
10/12/2014
THURSDAY
11/12/2014
FRIDAY
12/12/2014
43
44