RAINFALL DISCHAGE CALCULATION

OLYMPIA CITY PROJECT, PHNOM PENH CAMBODIA

Prepared for:

Oversea Cambodia Investments Corporations (OCIC)

Aug, 05th, 2015

Contents
1. Site Geography................................................................................................. 3
2. Calculation Method........................................................................................... 4
3. Hydrology study................................................................................................ 5
4. Flow Design....................................................................................................... 7

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Design Standard.................................................................................................................................................4
Table 2 Design Frequency..............................................................................................................................................4
Table 3 Return Period.....................................................................................................................................................6
Table 4 IDF Curve..........................................................................................................................................................7
Table 5 Peak flow............................................................................................................................................................8
Table 6 Watershed Characteristics..................................................................................................................................9
Table 7 Runoff Coefficient..............................................................................................................................................9

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Olympic watershed...........................................................................................................................................3
Figure 2 Area Calculation...............................................................................................................................................3
Figure 3 Daily Rainfall Max...........................................................................................................................................6

1. Site Geography
The Olympia city project are containing with nearly 11 ha construction areas which the
construction are developing in 4 steps.
Red line is the line of supposing water flow direction in Olympic area base on location elevation.

Figure 1 Olympic watershed

Calculation going to divide construction areas into 3 categories of total 8 ha as:

Building : 2.5 ha
Excavations areas : 4.3 ha
Road : 1.2 ha

Figure 2 Area Calculation

1.1. Objective
Main objection of this analysis are going to find the peak flow of water rainfall in over the
currently site and make suggestion the temporary seepage to be water storage of rainfall. With the
temporary small site drains system.

2. Calculation Method
2.1. Data Collection and design consideration
2.1.1. Data Collection
Location of drainage: The location of drainage required were determined by elevation and project
schedule.
Topographical survey: The topographical survey has been main use data from the previous
surveying data collection of project.
Secondary Date: Google Earth data have been use also topo map wear collected to delineate the
catchment area.
2.1.2. Design Standard
The following table lists the design standards and guidelines that have been utilized.
Organization
Ministry of Public Works and Transport of
Cambodia
AASHTO Drainage Manual

Title
Road Design Standard-Part 3: Drainage
Drainage design Manual of Colorado
Department of Transportation
Drainage Manual of Florida Department
of Transportation
Hydraulic Design of U.S Department of
Transportation

Table 1 Design Standard

2.2. Design Frequency

Frequency

Drainage Type
A. Cross Drainage
Multilane Roads including interstate
In Urban Areas
In Rural Areas
Two-Lane Roads
In Urban Areas
In Rural Areas
Q50>113 m3/s
Q50<113m3/s
Culvert Outlet Scour Protection
Pedestrian Walkways and Bikeways
Bridge Foundation Scour
B. Parallel Drainage
Roadway Overtopping and Revetment
Side Drains
C. Storm Drains
Major System
Minor System
D. Detour Culverts

100-year
50-year
100-year
50-year
25-year
10-year
2 to 5-year
Same as for cross drainage
2 to 10 year
100-year
2 to 5-year
Monthly discharges for

Table 2 Design Frequency

3. Hydrology study
3.1. Climate
Cambodias weather is influenced by the Asian monsoon. The north monsoon coincides with the
dry season from December to April, when the weather is hot and sunny about 10 to 12 hours of
sunshine a day. The south monsoon from the end of May until October brings the rainy season with
cloudier skies and high humidity. There is a transition period between the two monsoon seasons when
winds are light and variable. In the lowlands temperatures are high all year round.
The Olympia city project are middle on the middle of Phnom Penh Capital with highly rainfall
intensity and unexpected flooding very humid with average temperatures around 30C.
3.2. Rainfall Analyses
Rainfall is a random event that cannot be predicted based on historical data. However, any given
precipitation event has several distinct and independent characteristics which can be quantified as
follows:
Duration - The length of time over which precipitation occurs (hours).
Depth - The amount of precipitation occurring throughout the storm duration (mm).
Frequency - The recurrence interval of events having the same duration and volume.
Intensity - The depth divided by the duration (mm per hour).
3.3. Rainfall frequency
Gumbel distribution is a statistical law often used for predicting extreme hydrological events such as
rainfall. The equation for fitting the Gumbel distribution to observed series of rainfall at different
return periods T is:

RT =Rav + K (1)
Where

RT

denotes the magnitude of the T-year Rainfall event, K is the frequency factor, and are

the mean and the standard deviation of the maximum instantaneous rainfall respectively.
The frequency factor K is expressed as:

( ln ( ln ( T ln ( T 1 ) ) ) )
K = 6 /
Where = 3.14, is the Euler constant (=0.5772) and

l n is the natural logarithm.

IDF-curve

The relationship between rainfall intensity and duration is commonly expressed in the form:

I =a /(b+ D)n
Where
I = Rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
D= Rainfall Duration (hr)
a , b and n = constants

Values for coefficients for Phnom Penh e.g. are b = 0.23 and n = 0.86 (Watkins & Fiddes,
1984).
The Rainfall Ratio Method is used to derive the rainfall for duration shorter than 24 hrs. The rainfall
Ratio method assumes that the constants in equation (3) apply for all durations less than 24 hours and all
return periods. In that case the rainfall of duration D for any return period is derived from the 24 hour
rainfall extreme via equation (3) as follows:

R R t=

D b+24 n
(
)
24 b+D

Where
RRt = rainfall ratio

Rainfall Data collection 11 year daily rainfall data form 1993 to 2011 of Pochengtong Station of
Phnom Penh was obtained from the Department of Meteorology (DoM), Ministry of Water Resources
and Meteorology (MOWRAM).

Daily Rainfall Max. from 1997-2011)

200

182.5

150

Rainfall (mm)

123.4
100.6
88.7
100
50

115

110.8
79.8

85 90
65.4
46.8

100.7
87.8 94.4
73.5

Year

Figure 3 Daily Rainfall Max

Return Period
Year

2000
1997
2011
1998
2010

Intens
ity
(mm/h
r)
182.5
123.4
100.7
100.6
94.4

Rank

1
2
3
4
5

Return
Period

Probabi
lity

13.00
7.00
5.00
4.00
3.40

0.077
0.143
0.200
0.250
0.294

2005
1999
2008
2001
2009
2006
2003

90
88.7
87.8
79.8
73.5
65.4
46.3

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Table 3 Return Period

3.00
2.71
2.50
2.33
2.20
2.09
2.00

0.333
0.368
0.400
0.429
0.455
0.478
0.500

Rainfall-Intensity-Duration Curve
1000

100
year
Intensity2.33
mm/hr

10 year

25 year

50 year

10

0.01

0.1

10

100

Duration hr

Table 4 IDF Curve

4. Flow Design
4.1. Rational Method
Design runoff for the design storm event was determined using Rational Method. The
Rational Method was introduced in the United States by Kuichling 1889. Since then, it has
become the most widely used method for the analysis of runoff response from small
catchments. This method provides only the value of peak discharge. The peak discharge is
primarily due to overland flow rather than stream flow.
The equation to calculate the peak discharge is:
Q=

1
CIA (SI Unit)
360

Where
Q=discharge (m3/s)
C=runoff coefficient representing a ratio of runoff to rainfall
I=rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
A=drainage area (ha)
The following are the assumptions made:
1. The rainfall is of equal intensity over the entire watershed.
2. The peak flow occurs when the entire watershed is contributing to the flow.

4.2. Runoff coefficient

The runoff coefficients for various types of surfaces are shown in Table 6. The total CA
value is to be based on a ratio of the drainage areas associated with each C value as follows:
Total (CA) = ( CA) = A1 C1 + A2 C2 + + An Cn

Rainfall intensity are suppose design with return period 2.33 year 15 min peak flow with
intensity rainfall is 98 mm/hr as in idf-curve.
C

I (mm/hr)

Q (m3/s)

Building

Areas
(ha)
2.5

0.825

98

0.56

Sandy Lean Cl

4.3

0.45

0.53

Concrete & Asp

1.2

0.95

0.31

Total

Type

98

1.40

Table 5 Peak flow

Watershed Characteristics
A
Relief
0.28-0.35
Steep rugged terrain
with slopes greater
than 30%.

B
Soil Infiltration
0.12-0.16
No effective soil
cover: either rock or
thin mantle.
Negligible infiltration
capacity

0.2-0.28

0.08-0.12

C
Vegetation Cover
0.12-0.16
No effective plant
cover: bare or very
sparse soil cover.

0.08-0.12

D
Surface Storage
0.1-0.120
Negligible: surface
depression. Drainage
paths with steep
banks and small
storage capacity. No
ponds or marshes.
0.08-0.1

Hilly with average

slopes of 10% to
30%.

Slow: to take up
water, clay, or other
soil of low
infiltration capacity,
flooded paddy field
systems.

0.14-0.20
Rolling with average
slopes of 5% to 10%.

0.06-0.08
Normal: deep loam.

0.08-0.14
0.04-0.06
Relatively flat land
High: deep sand or
other soil that takes
average slopes 0%
up water readily and
to 5%
rapidly.
Slope 5% use 0.10
Slope 4% use 0.08
Slope 3% use 0.06
Slope 2% use 0.04
Slope 1% use 0.02
Slope 0.5% use
0.01
Table 6 Watershed Characteristics

Poor to fair: clean

cultivated crops or
poor natural cover,
less than 10% of area
under good cover,
flooded paddy field
systems.
0.06-0.08
Fair to good: about
50% cover in
good grassland,
woodland or
equivalent cover.
0.04-0.06
Good to excellent:
about 50% of area in
good grassland,
woodland or
equivalent cover.

Low: well defined

system of small
drainage paths, no
ponds or marshes.

0.06-0.08
Normal: Considerable
surface depression.
Storage typical of
prairie lands. Lakes
ponds and marshes
less than 20% of area.
0.04-0.06
High; surface
depression storage
capacity high.
Drainage system not
sharply defined, large
flood plain storage,
large number of
ponds and marshes,
therefore including
paddy field systems.

AREA DESCRIPTION
Business
Downtown areas
Neighborhood area
Residential
Single family areas
Multiunit, detached
Multi-unit, attached
Residential (suburban)
Apartment dwelling areas
Industrial
Light areas
Heavy areas
Parks, cemeteries
Playgrounds
Railroad yard areas
Unimproved areas
Streets
Asphaltic
Concrete
Brick
Drives and walks
Roofs
Lawns; sandy soil
Flat, 2%
Average 2-7%
Steep 7%
Lawns; heavy soil
Flat, 2%
Average 2-7%
Steep 7%

RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS
0.70-0.95
0.50-0.70
0.60-0.50
0.40-0.60
0.60-0.75
0.25-0.40
0.50-0.70
0.50-0.80
0.60-0.90
0.10-0.25
0.20-0.35
0.20-0.40
0.10-0.30
0.70-0.95
0.80-0.95
0.70-0.85
0.75-0.85
0.75-0.95
0.05-0.10
0.10-0.15
0.15
0.13-0.17
0.18-0.22
0.25-0.35

Table 7 Runoff Coefficient

5. Storage Suggestion
The temporary site storage is better can be used for the peak rainfall after 30 min with capacity is
more than 2520 m3 any shape of seepage will be introducing relevant with the available space of site
and project scheduling. Kindly note the leakage flood from another nearby may be not include in this
calculation.