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Pushover

P
h
E
Example
l
(Appendix C)

Derrell Manceaux, P.E.

PUSHOVER ANALYSIS of a TWO COLUMN BENT


Derrell Manceaux, P.E.

Pushover Concept

To find the total deflection a structure can obtain prior to


collapse

Pushover Procedure

Push on a structure until an event occurs, calculate properties


and continue pushing until next event occurs, .. continue
this iteration until collapse

Pushover Procedure

1) Calculate member properties


2) Obtain Moment-Curvature for column with axial loads
(max & min).
3) Determine EQ force required to obtain ultimate moment

Push until hinge forms

First hinge

Keep
pp
pushing
g until
mechanism develops

Second hinge

Pushover Procedure

4) Determine additional EQ force required to obtain


rotational capacity
5) Calculate deflections
6) Continue to push until first rotational capacity is
reached-failure
7) Calculate final deflection

Keep pushing until


rotational capacity is reached

Rotation capacity

Example Problem

Structure Properties

Geometry
G
t
H=15 ft
W=32 ft
L=20 ft
Plastic Hinge
LpA=20 inch
LpB=20 inch
Dead Load
DL=1200 kip

DL=1200 k

20
15

32

Moment-Curvature for Column- (Dead


Load Only)

Axial Dead Load

Yield Moment=Ultimate Moment

My

Mu

My=M
Mu=1600
1600 kk-ft
ft

Yield Curvature

PDL=1200 k
PDL= 600 k/column

y=140x10
140x10-6/inch

Ultimate Curvature

u=2350x10-6/inch

Iteration 1-Determine EQ force required to


obtain Yield Moment for DL only

Apply Unit Load and Take Ratios


M=7.5 k-ft with unit load
EQ 1600/7 5 = 213
EQ=1600/7.5
213.3
3 ki
kip
My=1600 k-ft

7.5

Revise axial loads for EQ force being


applied

EQ x L = PEQ x w
213.3 x 20 = PEQ x 32
PEQ= 133.33 kip
Pcol A= PDL - PEQ
Pcol A = 600 - 133.3 = 466.7 k
A

Pcol B= PDL + PEQ


Pcol B = 600 + 133.3 = 733 k

Obtain Moment-Curvature for column with


revised axial loads

Column
C
l
A
Axial Load=466 kip
Yield Moment=Ultimate Moment
MAy=1265 k-ft
Yield Curvature
Ay=138 x 10-6/inch
Ultimate Curvature
Au=2500 x 10-6/inch
EIA= MAy / Ay
1265 x 12/138 x 10-6
=1.1 x 108 k-in2

Col B
Col A

Obtain Moment-Curvature for column with revised


axial
i l lloads
d

Column
C
l
B
Axial Load=733 kip
Yield Moment=Ultimate Moment
MBY=1670 k-ft
Yield Curvature
BY=143x10-6/inch
Ultimate Curvature
Bu=2200x10-6/inch
EIB= MBy / By
1670 x 12/143 x 10-6
=1.4 x 108 k-in2

Col B
Col A

Iteration 2-Determine EQ force required to


obtain First Yield in Column A

Apply unit load to determine linear ratios (scale


factor).
Determine moment diagram with unit load
load.
EQ1=MAY/7.5=1265/7.5= 168.67 kip
7.5

Calculate deflection at first yield

1= EQ1 x (h x 12)3
3 x (EIA + EIB)

1 = 168.67 x (15 x 12)3 = 1.31 in


3 x (1
(1.1
1 + 1.4)
1 4) x 108

Basic stiffness formula for deflection


Fix-Pin condition:
K 3 EI
K=3
L3

Keep Pushing until Second Hinge Forms


Determine additional EQ force required to
obtain yield moment in second column

Reserve capacity in column B=


Mreserve B=MBY- MAY=1670-1265=405 k-ft

Determine additional EQ force required to


obtain yield moment in second column

Place pin in col A and apply unit load


Determine EQ2 with ratios:
EQ2=Mreserve B/15 = 405/15 = 27 kip
M=0

M=15

Calculate additional deflection for second


hinge in Col B

EIB = 1.4 x 108 k-in2

2= EQ2 x (h x
3 x EIB

12)3

2 = 27 x (15 x 12)3 = 0.37 in


3 x (1.4 x 108)

Failure is assumed when a plastic hinge


reaches rotational capacity

Column A-Rotational Capacity

Yield Curvature Ay=138 x 10-6/inch

Ultimate Curvature Au=2500 x 10-6/in


pA=LpA x (Au - Ay)
pA= 20 x (2500-138) x 10-6
= 0.047

Col B
Col A

Failure is assumed when a plastic hinge


reaches rotational capacity

Failure is assumed when a plastic hinge


reaches rotational capacity

Failure is assumed when a plastic hinge


reaches rotational capacity

Column B-Rotational Capacity

Yield Curvature- By=143 x 10-6/inch

Ultimate Curvature- Bu=2200 x 10-6/in

pB=LpB x (Bu - By)


pB= 20 x (2200-143)
(2200 143) x 10-6
= 0.041

Col B
y

Col A

Following the formation of the second hinge,


the rotational capacity of Column A was
reduced:

A Reduced= 2/ (h x 12-0.5LpA)
A Reduced= 0.37/ (15 x 12-10)= 0.0021

And the remaining rotational capacity in column A is:


controls

A Remaining = pA - A Reduced
A Remaining = 0.047-0.0021 = 0.045 > pB = 0.041

Continue
C
ti
tto push
h until
til first
fi t rotational
t ti
l
capacity is reached:
3= pB (h x 12-0.5LPB) = 0.041(15 x 12-10) = 6.97 in

Total Deflection

total= n = 1.31 + 0.375 + 6.97 = 8.66 inch


Keep pushing until
rotational
t ti
l capacity
it is
i reached
h d

Push until hinge forms

First hinge

Rotation capacity

Keep pushing until


mechanism develops

Second hinge

Total EQ Force Required for Failure

EQtotal= EQn = 168.7 + 27 + 0 = 195.7 kip


Keep pushing until
rotational
t ti
l capacity
it is
i reached
h d

Push until hinge forms

First hinge

Rotation capacity

Keep pushing until


mechanism develops

Second hinge

Ductility Factor R

R = = total/ yield
R = = 8.66 / 1.31 = 6.6

Note:
AASHTO R factor for
multi column bent is 5

yield

total

Summary

Understand concept and procedure of performing a


Pushover Analysis
T find
To
fi d th
the ttotal
t l deflection
d fl ti a structure
t t
can obtain
bt i prior
i to
t
collapse

Describe the Pushover Procedure

Push until hinge


g forms

Keep pushing until


rotational capacity is reached

First hinge

Rotation capacity

Keep pushing until


mechanism develops

Second hinge

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