Offshore Banking

ECONOMIC ROLE OF BANKS

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Banking, the business of providing financial services to

consumers and businesses. The basic services a bank provides
are checking accounts, which can be used like money to make
payments and purchase goods and services; savings accounts
and time deposits that can be used to save money for future use;
loans that consumers and businesses can use to purchase goods
and services; and basic cash management services such as
check cashing and foreign currency exchange. A broader
definition of a bank is any financial institution that receives,
collects, transfers, pays, exchanges, lends, invests, or safeguards
money for its customers

ECONOMIC ROLE OF BANKS

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The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD

provides loans and development assistance to middle income
countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. IBRD
gets most of its funds by selling bonds in international capital
markets.

The International Development Association IDA plays an

important role in their mission to reduce poverty. Its support is
focused on the poorest countries, to which it provides interest-free
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loans and grants. IDA depends on contributions from its wealthier
member countries including some developing countries for most
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provides a mix of financing loans, equity finance, risk
management products, and intermediary finance, among others
for each of its projects. However, most of its funding, as well as
leadership and management responsibility, comes from private
sector owners. IFC operates on a commercial basis. It invests
only in for-profit projects and charges market rates for its products
and services.

Their main job is to use the money in ways that benefit developing
countries. They provide these funds at zero or low-interest rates,
or as grants to countries that have no access to international
markets. Member countries also come for economic research,
policy advice, and technical assistance in designing and carrying
out development projects. The countries design their own
programs with technical support from the staff. However, the
programs must have specific development targets such as
reducing poverty, and delivering social services, among others.
The type of financing available to a developing country depends
on its level of need. Countries that borrow from IBRD are
generally middle income countries, where income for each person
is less than US$5185 a year. Seventy-five percent of the world¶s
poorest people those who live on less than US$1 a day live in
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these countries, which can only borrow from the private markets
at unfavorable rates. IBRD offers them loans at better terms and
with longer repayment periods. The world¶s poorest countries
those where income for each person is
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projects to provide basic services. In the case of the loans,
countries have 35 to 40 years to repay, with a 10- year grace
period. Revenues from the operations go into reserves, which
have a high level of financial protection and help to fund major
sources of assistance, such as IDA and debt relief. By creating
IFC and MIGA, IBRD tried to make things fairer for developing
countries and make them more attractive to investors. IFC works
with the private sector in developing countries. It takes a minority
stake in a private company in order to attract private investors.
MIGA guarantees insure investors and lenders against financial
and political risk in developing countries, offering cover against
non-commercial risks such as war and civil disturbance.

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They offer two basic types of loans: investment loans for goods,
work and services to support economic and social development
projects in a broad range of sectors; and adjustment loans to
support policy and institutional reforms. During loan negotiations,
they agree with the borrower on the development objective of the
project or program, outputs, performance indicators to measure
the impact and success of the project and a plan to put it all into
practice. Once they approve the loan and it becomes effective,
the borrower puts the project or program into practice according
to the terms agreed with them.
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sure that operations they fund are economically, financially,
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HSBC (HONG-KONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING
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HSBC¶s strategy reflects its position as µThe World¶s Local Bank¶
and is focused on delivering superior growth and earnings over
time by building on the Group¶s heritage, skills and investment. In
particular, the group aims to leverage the HSBC brand and
network to reach new customers and offer more services to
existing customers, to maximize efficiency by taking advantage of
local, regional and global economies of scale and to ensure staff
are engaged by aligning objectives and incentives

Ú ³BEST PLACE TO BANK´ STRATEGY-----Central to the

way the bank applies Group strategy is the development
of the µBest Place to Bank¶ strategy, which is made up of
three principles, which incorporate every aspect of the
group¶s relationship with customers, including treating
them fairly: Make Better Products, Sell Them Properly,
and Keep Them Sold. It is the bank¶s aim that everything
the bank does should be driven by all of these principles
and that when the bank consistently makes better
products, sells them properly and keeps them sold, it will
be the Best Place To Bank.
Ú BEST PLACE TO WORK STRATEGY---Following the

same concept, the bank introduced a µBest Place to Work¶
strategy, which emphasises performance management,
reward, personal development aligned to business
strategy and operating plans, a performance-driven
culture and an engaged workforce.
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HSBC¶s strategy is to be a leading wholesale bank by:
Ú utilizing HSBC¶s extensive distribution network;
Ú developing Global Banking and Markets hub-and-

spoke business model as the foundation on which the
business can best meet its clients¶ needs.
Ú continuing to build skills and capabilities in its major

centers to support the delivery of an advanced suite of
services to corporate, institutional and government
clients across the HSBC network.

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Company Annual Report
International Financial Management, by Stonehill and Eitteman
The World Bank Treasury
The World Bank Group

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banker
http://answers.yahoo.com,
http://www.hsbc.co.in/
www.worldbank.org
www.ibrd.org

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