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What is an automobile battery?

09:39 - by vatsal bhatt 0

The battery is the main part of the electrical system in automobile. Without battery
engine can not start. Battery supplies current for operation of starter motor and ignition
system. When the engine is being cranked for starting it also supplies current for lights,
radio, heater and other accessories which works with electrical power thus the battery is
the heart of automobile vehicle.
vehicle In automobile vehicles LEAD-ACID
ACID BATTERY is widely
used. Here is explained the lead-acid
lead
battery in detail.

LEAD-ACID BATTERY :- A lead-acid battery consists of the following components.

(1) Container :- It is a single piece construction and is made of hard rubber, plastic or
bituminous composition. It is a type of battery cover. It must be resistant to the
absorption of acid. It is divided into compartments by partition for different cells.
(2) Plates :- In a battery, several similar plates are properly placed and welded or leadburned to a strap to from plate group. The plates consists of perforated grids into which
lead or lead peroxide has been pressed. There are two types of plate groups in each cell.
Positive plate group and negative plate group. Positive plates are filled with lead
peroxide active material which is a dark brown crystalline material which consist of very
small particles. Negative plates are filled with a porous mass of lead in spongy form.
(3) Grids :- The plates of lead-acid storage battery consists of an electrically
conducting grid frame work in the meshes of which of the active materials are
incorporated by electro-chemical process these grids serve to conduct the current to and
from the active materials of the positive and negative plates an alloy consisting
essentially of lead and antimony is used for the grids The antimony stiffens and strong
these the soft lead.
(4) Separators :- Separators are placed between negative and positive plates to keep
them separate from each other. The separators are designed to hold and plates a part so
that they don't touch and same time they must be porous enough to permit liquid to
circulate between the plates. Separators are usually made of specially treated wood, hard
rubber, resin impregnate fiber aloe or in combination with rubber or mats of glass fiber.
Some batteries have separators made of polyvinyl chloride or polythene saturated
cellulose.
(5) Cell Cover :- Each cell is sealed by a cover of hard rubber through the positive and
negative terminals project. Each cover has an opening through which liquid can be
added. A filler cap is screwed on this opening. The filler cap has an air vent for the
escape of gas In many late model batteries one-piece cover is provided that covers all the
cells.
Vent hole or vent plugs are specially designed with the cover to drawn out baffle gases
and electrolyte splashed underside of the cover.
(6) Electrolyte :- Electrolyte is a mixture of sulfuric acid and distilled water. This
electrolyte takes a part into chemical reaction and give an electrical energy. Electrolyte is
consist of 40% of sulfuric acid and 60% of distilled water. The level of the electrolyte in
the container is about 10mm above the top of the plates.
(7) Cell Connectors :- To connect the cells of a battery in series this elements are
placed in each cell. These connectors are placed over the terminal parts and welded to

them to connect the cell in series. They must be heavy enough to carry the high current
required for starting without overheating.
(8) Terminates :- Battery terminals are of special design, being tapered to specified
dimension in accordance with standard agreed upon by the industry so that all positive
and negative cable clamp terminals will fit any corresponding battery terminal
interchangeably. The positive terminal is slightly larger (17.5mm diameter) than the
negative terminal (16 mm diameter) at the top so as to minimize the danger of installing
a battery in reverse.
(9) Sealing Compound :- Sealing compounds are used to form an acid tight joint
between covers and containers. They are blends of specially processed bituminous
substance having resistance to flow at high summer temperature and resistance to
cracking at low winter temperature in special construction rigid plastic resin seals are
sometime used which are permanent and can not be removed by heating.

Other types of battery used in automobile :(1) Alkaline battery

(a) Nickel- iron type battery
(b) Nickel-cadmium type battery
(2) Zinc-air battery.
Posted in: Automobile , Automobile electrical system
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