Waste Management and Minimisation Plan - Appendix 1 - Waste Assessment

Appendix1
WasteAssessment
15-000 NAME OF CONTRACT

15-000 NAME OF CONTRAC
Appendix 1:
Whakatne District Council
Waste Assessment 2015
Preparedby:
NigelClarke
ManagerSolidWaste
WhakataneDistrictCouncil
Approvedby:
TomaszKrawczyk
GeneralManagerInfrastructure
WhakataneDistrictCouncil
TABLEOFCONTENTS
1.0
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................3
1.1
WhakatneDistrict...........................................................................................................................3
1.2
Background.......................................................................................................................................4
1.3
PurposeofthisWasteAssessment...................................................................................................4
1.4
Scope.................................................................................................................................................4
1.4.1
General......................................................................................................................................4
1.4.2
CouncilControlledandnonCouncilControlledWasteStreams................................................5
1.4.3
ConsiderationofSolid,LiquidandGaseousWastes..................................................................5
1.5
2.0
OverviewofWasteandRecyclingSystemsinWhakatne...............................................................5
WASTEFACILITIESSERVICINGWHAKATANEDISTRICT..................................................................7
2.1
Disposal.............................................................................................................................................7
2.2
CleanfillFacilities..............................................................................................................................8
2.3
TransferFacilities..............................................................................................................................8
2.4
RecyclingandProcessingFacilities.................................................................................................11
3.0
WASTESERVICESAVAILABLEINWHAKATANEDISTRICT.............................................................13
3.1
CouncilContractedServices...........................................................................................................13
3.2
OtherWDCprogramsandservices.................................................................................................14
3.3
PrivateServices...............................................................................................................................14
3.4
WasteSourcesandDestination......................................................................................................14
3.5
WasteEducation.............................................................................................................................16
4.0
WASTEDATA.............................................................................................................................17
4.1
Wastetolandfill..............................................................................................................................17
4.2
Compositiondataanddiversionpotentialfromwastegoingtolandfill........................................18
4.3
Compositiondataanddiversionpotentialfromcouncilkerbsidecollection.................................19
4.4
Recyclingandrecovery...................................................................................................................20
4.5
RefuseandRecyclingParticipation.................................................................................................21
4.6
SummaryandConclusions..............................................................................................................22
4.6.1
CompostableMaterial.............................................................................................................22
4.6.2
DryRecyclables........................................................................................................................22
4.6.3
RuralWasteManagement......................................................................................................22
5.0
FUTUREDEMAND......................................................................................................................23
5.1
FutureDemand...............................................................................................................................23
5.1.1
PopulationGrowth..................................................................................................................23
5.1.2
HouseholdTrends....................................................................................................................23
5.1.3
EconomicGrowth.....................................................................................................................24
5.1.4
RecyclingMarkets....................................................................................................................24
5.1.5
CentralGovernmentPolicy......................................................................................................25
5.1.6
5.2
Changesinlifestylesandconsumption...................................................................................25
GapAnalysis....................................................................................................................................26
5.2.1
ServiceReview.........................................................................................................................26
5.2.2
RecyclingInfrastructure...........................................................................................................26
5.2.3
OrganicWasteInfrastructure..................................................................................................26
5.2.4
AlternativeTechnologies.........................................................................................................27
5.2.5
DisposalInfrastructure............................................................................................................27
5.2.6
Ruralwastemanagement.......................................................................................................27
5.2.7
WasteEducation.....................................................................................................................27
5.2.8
PublicPlaceRecycling..............................................................................................................27
5.2.9
NonCouncilcontrolledwastes................................................................................................27
6.0
STATEMENTOFOPTIONS...........................................................................................................23
6.1
WasteReduction,Communication,ConsultationandPartnerships..............................................23
6.2
OrganicWaste................................................................................................................................24
6.3
Recycling.........................................................................................................................................25
6.4
TransferStationWastes.................................................................................................................27
6.5
Liquid,gaseousandhazardouswastes...........................................................................................28
6.6
Refusecollection,treatmentanddisposal(includingcleanfill).....................................................29
6.7
MeasuringandMonitoring.............................................................................................................31
7.0
COUNCILSPREFERREDOPTIONS................................................................................................32
8.0
PROTECTIONOFPUBLICHEALTH................................................................................................33
8.1
IssuesraisedbyMOHinresponsetotheDraftWasteAssessmentandCouncilsresponse.........33
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
WhakatneDistrict
TheWhakatneDistrictintheEasternBayofPlentyisoneofthemostdiverselybeautifulareasin
New Zealand. Sandy beaches are predominant along the 54 kilometres of coastline that stretches
fromOtamarakauinthewesttohiwaintheeast.Centralareasincludefertilelowlandsandfarming
areasontheRangitikiPlainsthroughtoMurupara.TeUreweraNationalParkinthesouthmakesup
41%ofthedistrict.Thisisprotectednativeforestandishometoaricharrayoffloraandfauna.The
totalareaofthedistrictcovers433,000haor4,442km2.Accordingtothe2013census,thecurrent
populationoftheDistrictisapproximately34,700residingin12,195occupiedhouseholds.
The main commercial centre for the District is the Whakatne township, incorporating hope and
Coastlands.OthercentresincludeEdgecumbe,Matat,Tneatua,TeTeko,WainuiandMurupara.
Theeconomyofthedistrictislargelybasedonagriculture(dairying),forestry,andwoodprocessing.
IndustryinWhakatnetendstoberelativelylightandtargetedatsupportingthelocalcommunity,
withheavierindustrymorelikelytobebasednearbybutoutofthedistrictatKawerau.
The predominantly rural nature of the district has implications for waste management service
provision. Commercial and industrial wastes streams are less significant compared to more urban
areas,withhouseholdandagriculturalwastestreamslikelytoplayaproportionatelybiggerrole.In
addition, servicing of rural properties is more problematic and expensive compared to areas with
higherhousingdensities.
Figure1:MapofWhakatneDistrict
3.
WhakataneDistrictCouncilWasteAssessment2015
1.2
Background
The Waste Minimisation Act 2008 (WMA) requires all Territorial Authorities to produce a Waste
ManagementandMinimisationPlan(WMMP)whichshouldbereviewedevery6years(orearlier).
TheCouncilscurrentWMMPisdueforreviewin2016,however,theCouncilhavedecidedtoalign
theWMMPwiththeLongTermPlan(LTP)timeframesandreviewtheplanin2015.
Section50oftheWasteMinimisationAct2008(WMA)requiresallTerritorialAuthoritiestopreparea
Waste Assessment before reviewing their WMMP, while Section 51 dictates the contents of the
assessment.TheWasteAssessmentisthefirststepandamajorinputintothereviewprocess.
In2000,theCouncilmadeacommitmenttotheZeroWastephilosophyofwastemanagement.The
CouncilthenproducedaWasteManagementPlanin2003,inlinewiththerequirementsoftheLocal
Government Amendment Act (No. 4) 1996. This was followed by a WMMP produced in 2010 in
accordancewiththeWMA,whichcontinuedthecommitmenttothephilosophyofZeroWaste.
Theoveralllongtermtargetofthe2010WMMPwastoreducetheamountofwastesenttolandfillby
80%perpersonby2025.Theoverallshorttermtargetwastoreducewastesenttolandfillperperson
by30%duringtheperiodoftheplan.Thiswasbaseduponafigureof404kgperpersonperyearfrom
2009/2010.
Duringthefinancialyear2013/14theCouncildisposedofatotalof11,178tonnesofwastetolandfill.
Thisequatesto322Kgperpersonperyear,ora20%reduction.TheCouncilhasthereforenotmetthe
overallshorttermtargetfromthepreviousWMMP,althoughitshouldbenotedthattheperiodof
thatplanextendedtoOctober2016.CloseranalysisofdataheldbytheCouncilhassinceshownthat
thebaselineof404kgperpersonwasbasedoninaccuratedata.
1.3
PurposeofthisWasteAssessment
This waste assessment has been undertaken with reference to the Waste Management and
Minimisation Planning: Guidance for Territorial Authorities prepared by the Ministry for the
Environment (MfE) and to section 51 of the WMA, which outlines that a waste assessment must
include:
Adescriptionofthecollection,recycling,recovery,treatment,anddisposalservicesprovided
withintheterritorialauthoritysdistrict
Aforecastoffuturedemands
Astatementofoptions
Astatementoftheterritorialauthoritysintendedroleinmeetingtheforecastdemands
Astatementoftheterritorialauthoritysproposalsformeetingtheforecastdemands
(includinginfrastructure),and
Astatementabouttheextenttowhichtheproposalswillprotectpublichealth,andpromote
effectiveandefficientwastemanagementandminimisation
The primary purpose of the assessment is to provide focus for how Council can progress waste
management and minimisation in an informed and effective manner. It should provide the
informationnecessarytoidentifythekeyissuesandpriorityactionstobeincludedinadraftWMMP.
1.4
Scope
1.4.1
General
LegalopinionsobtainedbyvariousCouncilsaroundNewZealandhavemadeitclearthat,underthe
WMA,theWasteAssessmentmustgobeyondthosewasteandmaterialstreamsmanageddirectlyby
4.
theCouncil;includinganassessmentofcurrentcommercialandindustrialwastestreams,aforecast
offuturedemand,considerationofoptionstomeetforecastdemand,anddetermineTheCouncils
intendedroleinmeetingthatdemand.
WDC therefore, like all Councils, has a responsibility to plan for all waste generated in the District
whenconsideringwasteinfrastructureandservices.
1.4.2
CouncilControlledandnonCouncilControlledWasteStreams
TheCouncilhasdetailedinformationonthecollectionsandfacilitiesoperatedbythemorontheir
behalf.WhilethevastmajorityofwastegoingtolandfillfromtheDistrictfirstpassesthroughCouncil
transfer stations, there is an unquantified amount that is collected, processed and disposed of, by
privateoperations.Furthermore,duetorecentchangesinprivatepracticestheCouncilisnolongerin
control of all waste transfer facilities in the District. The impact of this recent change is for
approximately1300tonnesperannumtonowleavetheDistrictwithoutpassingthroughaCouncil
managed transfer station. While data is required from these private operations to provide a true
wasteassessmentforthedistrict,theCouncilbelievesthereissufficientdatafromCouncilcontrolled
wastetoidentifytheareasthatshouldbeprioritisedandprovideinputtothewastestrategy,targets
andactionsoftheWMMP.
1.4.3
ConsiderationofSolid,LiquidandGaseousWastes
Theguidance providedbytheMinistryfortheEnvironmentonpreparingWasteManagement and
MinimisationPlansstatesthat:
CouncilsneedtodeterminethescopeoftheirWMMPintermsofwhichwastesanddiverted
materialsaretobeconsideredwithintheplan.
The guidance goeson to suggest that liquid or gaseous wastes which are directly managed by the
Council,oraredisposedoftolandfill,shouldbeseriouslyconsideredforinclusioninaWMMP.
TheCouncilmanagesmostliquidandgaseouswastesthroughotherstrategies,includingassessments
of services. This Waste Assessment therefore focuses on solid wastes, and excludes liquid and
gaseous wastes, except where these are considered to have implications for solid waste
management.Theseexceptionsincludegasfromlandfills,andsomeliquidhazardouswastes.
1.5
OverviewofWasteandRecyclingSystemsinWhakatne
WDC provides many waste management and minimisation services throughout the Whakatne
District,whichrangesfromtheurbanareasoftheWhakatneandhopecommercialandresidential
centres,torelativelysparselypopulatedoutlyingareas.
SincetheBurmaRoadMunicipalLandfillclosedinDecember2009,therehasbeennolandfillopento
thepublicintheDistrict.Thevastmajorityofsolidwastegoingtolandfillisfirstprocessedthrough
oneoftheCouncilstransferstations,andthentransferredtoTirohiaLandfillnearPaeroa.
Solidwastemanagementservicesarefundedpartlythroughageneralchargeappliedtoallratesbills
(forwastedisposaloperationsandclosedlandfillmanagement)andthroughtargetedratesforwaste
service packages. The provision of services, and the charges levied for these services, varies
dependingwhereintheDistrictcustomersarelocated.
The requirements of businesses and households that desire waste management services beyond
thosesuppliedbytheCounciltoWhakatneratepayersaremetbytheprivatesector.
There are only a small number of private companies providing waste management services in the
WhakatneDistrict.WhilesomeofthemusetheCouncilstransferstations,HandeeCanServicesand
Foote Bins are using a transfer station owned by the owners of Handee Can Services and hauling
wastedirectlytoTirohia.
5.
TheCouncilprovidestheirwasteservicepackagetoratepayerswhoareoncurrentcollectionroutes
andwhowishtousethem.TheCouncilswasteservicesaredescribedinsection3.1.Ratepayerscan
alsochoosetopayforadditionalpackages.
TheservicesprovidedbyprivatecompaniesinWhakatnearetargetedatthoseforwhomtheCouncil
serviceis,forsomereason,unsuitable.Thismaybebecausetheirwastevolumesaresohighthatthe
Councilserviceisnotcompetitive,orbecausetheyhaveaspecificsinglematerialwastestreamthat
canbebetterdealtwiththroughaprivatecollection.
AmeasureofcontroloverthehandlingofwasteintheDistrictisobtainedthroughtheSolidWaste
Bylaw(2006).Thisbylawlargelyfocusesonthemanagementofwasteonprivateproperties,suchas
accumulation and storage issues. The Bylaw also aims to protect the general public from waste
creatinganuisanceorannoyanceorbecomingadangertohealthandprovidesfortheprotectionof
waste collectors and the public by prohibiting hazardous materials being placed out for collection.
Therearealsocontrolsrelatingspecificallytoaccessto,andbehaviourat,landfillfacilities.
6.
2.0
WASTEFACILITIESSERVICINGWHAKATANEDISTRICT
The tables in this section provide a summary of key strategic waste facilities that currently service
householdsandbusinessesintheWhakatneDistrict.
2.1
Disposal
There are no sanitary landfills, cleanfills or other disposal facilities available in the District open to
householdersandbusinesses.
ThenearestlandfillstotheDistrictarelistedbelow.
Table1DisposalFacilities
Name/Operator
Type
Key
Services/Waste
Streams
Location
Capacity&
Estimated
OperationalLife
Rotorua District Municipal

Council
Landfill
Nonhazardous
residential,
commercial and
industrial waste,
including special
SH30,Rotorua
wastes(although
bylaw may be
reviewed
to
exclude these in
future).
Consentedto
2030
Municipal
Landfill
Nonhazardous
residential,
commercialand
industrialsolid
waste,including
Tirohia,Paeroa
specialwastes.
Sludgeswithless
than20%solid
byweightare
prohibited.
Consentedto
approx.2035
Municipal
Landfill
Nonhazardous
residential,
commercial and
industrial solid
Hampton
Consented
waste, including
Downs, North
2030
special wastes.
Waikato
Sludgeswithless
than 20% solid
by weight are
prohibited.
HGLeach
Envirowaste
ServicesLtd
to
7.
ThereareanumberofprivatelandfillsneartheDistrict,buttheseareusedonlybytheownersand
onlyforveryspecificmaterialssuchastheCarterHoltHarveymonofillforwoodprocessingwastes
nearKawerau.ThesearenotanoptionforfuturelandfilldisposalfortheWhakatneDistrict.
Kawerau District Council owns a landfillfor which consents are stillcurrent, however the landfill is
consideredtohavereachedcapacityanditnolongeracceptsanywaste.
Becauseofthesefactors,andconsideringthedistancesrequiredtoaccessanyotherfacilitiesandthe
chargesthatwouldbeincurred,thepreferreddisposaloptionfortheWhakatneDistrictcurrentlyis
the Municipal Landfill in Tirohia. The Council have negotiated very favourable disposal rates with
Tirohiauntil2020.ThisispartlyduetotheCouncilscommitmenttoaminimumquantityof8,000
tonnesperannumofresidualwaste.
2.2
CleanfillFacilities
The Ministry for the Environments Cleanfill Guidelines define cleanfill material and cleanfills as
follows:
Cleanfillmaterial
Materialthatwhenburiedwillhavenoadverseeffectonpeopleortheenvironment.Cleanfill
materialincludesvirginnaturalmaterialssuchasclay,soilandrock,andotherinertmaterials
suchasconcreteorbrickthatarefreeof:
combustible,putrescible,degradableorleachablecomponents
hazardoussubstances
productsormaterialsderivedfromhazardouswastetreatment,hazardouswaste
stabilisationorhazardouswastedisposalpractices
materialsthatmaypresentarisktohumanoranimalhealthsuchasmedicalandveterinary
waste,asbestosorradioactivesubstances
liquidwaste
Cleanfill
Acleanfillisanylandfillthatacceptsonlycleanfillmaterialasdefinedabove.
TherearenoknownconsentedcleanfillsitesintheWhakatneDistrictthatareopentothepublic.
2.3
TransferFacilities
TherearetwotransferfacilitiesintheDistrictwhichareownedbytheCouncilandoperatedontheir
behalfbycontractors,andoneprivatetransferstation.
TherearealsotransferstationsnearbythataresimilarlyownedbytherelevantCouncilsandoperated
ontheirbehalf.Theseareincludedinthelistbelow.
Table2TransferFacilities
Name/Operator
Type
KeyServices/Waste
Streams
Location
Acceptsmostwasteanda
Whakatne Refuse
Council owned waste wide range of recyclables
Te Tahi Street,
andRecyclingPark
transfer and recycling (noliquidwastesaccepted
Whakatne
Waste Management
andaverylimitedrangeof
centre
NZLtd
hazardousmaterials)
8.
Harvey Family Trust

(owners of Handee
Wastetransfer
Can Services) refuse
transferstation
Accepts residual waste,

Mill
Road,
compacts and transfers to
Whakatne.
landfill
Council owned waste

transfer and recycling
Murupara Transfer
centre (no charges,
Station
Rex
free drop off for
MerrimanLtd
Ruatahuna
and
Minginui)
Acceptsmostwasteanda
wide range of recyclables
(noliquidwastesaccepted Murupara
andaverylimitedrangeof
hazardousmaterials)
Communityrunwaste Accepts most waste (not

Ruatahuna Transfer
transfer and recycling hazardous) and a wide Ruatahuna
Station
centre
rangeofrecyclables
Minginui
Station
Transfer
Communityrunwaste Accepts most waste (not

transfer and recycling hazardous) and a wide Minginui
rangeofrecyclables
centre
ptiki
Council
District Waste transfer and Accepts all waste and a

ptiki
recyclingcentre
widerangeofrecyclables
Kawerau
Council
District Waste transfer and Accepts all waste and a

Kawerau
recyclingcentre
widerangeofrecyclables
Thematerialsaccepted,andfeesandchargesapplied,attheWhakatneRefuseandRecyclingPark
(RRP)areasfollows:
9.
Table2Fees&Charges,WhakatneRRP(2014/15FinancialYear)
Item
Chargesfrom1July
2014(GSTinclusive)
Generalrefuse
RefuseBag
$4
Carandstationwagon
$32
Uteandsmall(singleaxle)trailer
$47
Largetandem(twinaxle)trailer
$62
Allotherloadsoverweighbridge
$240pertonne
Greenwaste
Carandstationwagon
$9
Uteandsmall(singleaxle)trailer
$17
LargeTandem(twinaxle)Trailer
$22
Bulkgreenwaste(Bulkload)
$55
Concrete
Cleanandsteelfree:
Concrete
Masonry
Rock
$35pertonne
Carbodies
Unstripped
$50
Stripped
$40
Tyres
Chargesapplypertyrenobulkweights
Typeofvehicle/weightoftyre
a)Farmbike,motorcycleunder6.5kgs
$4each
b)Passengercar6.5kg9.5kgs
$8each
c)4x4lightutilitymorethan9.5kgs
$11each
d)Trucktyresmorethan28kgs
$27each
f)Longhaulvehicle5080kgs
$60each
g)Agriculturalupto100kgs
$75each
Recyclableandreusableitems
Recyclableitems
CleanPlasticsgrades1and2only,nomotoroilor
chemicalcontainers
Glass
Free
10.
Aluminiumcans
Cardboard
Reusableitems
PleasetakereusableitemstoCReW(CommunityResources
Whakatne)at40TeTahiStreet.
Phone073085963foropeninghours.
Free
HazardousSubstances
Wasteoil,paintsandagriculturalchemicalsonly.Nocommercial
volumesaccepted.Mustbeinoriginal,undamagedcontainers.
Free
Weighbridge
Tareweight(only)usagechargeforweighbridge
$10
Councilhasalsoimplementedrecyclingpracticesatthetransferstationthatdivertwastefromlandfill
andtheseinclude:
Greenwastebinsforcommercialandresidentialcustomers
Recyclingbinsfor,plasticsbottles,cans,paper,cardboardandcomingled
Hazardoussubstance,LPGbottleandbatterycollection
Scrapmetalseparationandrecycling
Timberseparationwhichishoggedandusedasfuel
Concreteandrubbleseparationusedforroadingandconstructionprojects
Tyrecollectionandreprocessing
Diversionofproductsforreuseandresaletoacommunityrunorganisation(CReW)
2.4
RecyclingandProcessingFacilities
There are a number of waste processing and recycling facilities available in the region or in
neighbouringregions.Thesearelistedbelow.
Table3Recycling&Processing
Name/Operator
Type
Key
Services/Waste
Streams
CReW(Community
Resources
Whakatne)
Reuse,re
purposingandre
sellingofsecond
handitems.
Ewaste,furniture,
construction
materials,household
itemsetc.
Waste
Management
LiquidWaste
dewateringand
Liquidwastefrom
ptiki,Kawerau
andWhakatne
Location
Capacity&
Estimated
Operational
Life
Whakatne
NA
Whakatne
NA
11.
TechnicalServices
transfer
Districts
WormTech
Vermicomposting
instaticwindrows
Pigmanure
Outskirtsof
Kawerau
5,200tpa.
Restrictedby
consent
conditions.
FullCircle
Recycling
Paperand
Cardboard
Paperand
Cardboard
Nationwidepick
ups
NA
McCaulayMetals
Scrapmetal
Allscrapmetal
Whakatne
NA
IndustrialTraders
Scrapmetal
Allscrapmetal
includingdegassing
whiteware
Whakatneand
Kawerau
NA
NZ
Remediation/Mate
rialsProcessingLtd
Greenwaste
composting
Greenwaste
TeMuanga,
Tauranga
Additional
capacity
available.
Envirofert
Ecocast
Organicwaste
processing
Organicwaste
processing
Greenwasteand
someputrescible
wastes
Greenwasteand
biosolids
Tuakau,North
Waikato
Unspecified,
additional
capacity
available
Kawerau
28,000tpaof
biosolids
consentedto
2024.No
consentfor
greenwaste
12.
3.0
WASTESERVICESAVAILABLEINWHAKATANEDISTRICT
Thetablesinthissectionprovideasummaryofkeywasteservicescurrentlyavailabletohouseholds
andbusinessesinWhakatne.
3.1
CouncilContractedServices
Table4SummaryofServices
Service
Provision
ServiceProvider
Residualwaste
collectionusuallyfrom
80Lmobilegarbage
bins(MGBs)
Dryrecyclables
collectionofglass
bottles/jars,plastic
grades1&2,
aluminium/tin/steel
cans,paper,and
cardboardcollected
froma60Lrecycling
crate
Greenwastecollection
from240LMGBs
WhakatneRecycling
Park
MuruparaTransfer
Station
WasteTransfer
Weeklytoapproximately13,300
customers(72.8%urban,20.4%
ruraland6.8%commercial)
WasteManagementLtdundercontract
toWDCuntilJune2016
Weeklytoapproximately13,300
customers
toWDCuntilJune2016
Fortnightlytoapproximately
9700(urban)customers
Operationofrefuseand
recyclingdropofffacility
Operationofrefuseand
recyclingdropofffacility
Cartageofresidualwastefrom
Whakatne
Disposalofresidualwaste
toWDCuntilJune2016
toWDCuntilJune2016
MerrimansLtdundercontracttoWDC
untilJune2016
PriorityLogisticsundercontracttoWDC
untilJune2016
HGLeachundercontracttoWDCuntil
1/1/2020
VariousprovidersonbehalfofWDC
VariousprovidersonbehalfofWDC
WasteDisposal
FlyTipping
LitterRemovalfrom
60Llitterbinsorpublic
spaces
HazardousWaste
Removalfrompublicspaces
FromlitterbinsandMGBsin
publicspaces
WasteacceptedatWhakatne
andMuruparatransferstations
R&SMcGregorLtdonbehalfofWDCas
andwhenrequired
Inorganiccollectionsforunwantedbulkyitemsandappliancesarenotnormallyprovided.
Achargeof$379.18perannum(inthe2014/15financialyear)perwasteservicepackageisaddedto
ratesbillstocoverthecostsoftheseservices,foreachseparatelyusedorinhabitedpartofarating
unittowhichCouncilprovidestheweeklyservice.Ruralandcommercialpropertiespay$306.80per
year as no green waste service is included. Any ratepayer can access these services, including
businesses. Properties may purchase more than one service. (The charges are slightly higher for
hope; $382.31 and $309.93 respectively.) There is also an additional Uniform Annual Charge for
eachratedunitforwastedisposaloperationsandclosedlandfillmanagement.
Additional60Lrecyclingcratesareprovidedataoneoffchargeof$15each.
Theservicepackagesareavailabletoallratepayersoncurrentcollectionroutes,withonechargeper
servicepackage.
13.
3.2
OtherWDCprogramsandservices
Inadditiontotheseservices,thereareotherprogramsorservicesprovidedbytheCouncilorbya
partnershipsupportedbyWDC.Thesecoverthefollowing:
3.3
AgrecoveryTheCouncilprovidesupporttoenabletheservicetobeextendedtothe
WhakatneDistrict
PrideWhakatneGroup(coordinatingCleanUpNewZealandweekactivities)
Dailylitterpatrol
ParaKoremaraebasedrecyclingandwasteminimisationeducation
ConsciousConsumersbusinessaccreditationprogrammeforrecycling
PaperforTreesSchoolbasedrecyclingeducation
PrivateServices
TherearealimitednumberofservicesavailableinWhakatnebesidesthoseprovidedbytheCouncil.
Waste Management Ltd, as well as being contracted to the Council, also provides waste collection
services (residual waste and recycling). There are three other local companies that also provide
rubbish collections; Handee Can Services, Foote Bins, and Blue Rock Bin Hire. None of these
companies currently offer recycling services. A variety of residual waste receptacles are available
through these companies, ranging from 44 gallon drums to various sizes of skip bins, along with a
varietyofcollectionfrequenciesincludingondemandcollections.
These companies largely target business and industrial customers, where volumes of waste are
unsuitable for the Council collection services and rural customers that have chosen not to use the
Councilcollectionserviceorareunabletoaccesstheservice.HandeeCanServicescurrentlyservicesa
number of rural residential properties in areas that are not serviced by the Councils kerbside
collectionservice.Theirserviceincludessupplyingmetaldrumswithlinersandcollectingtherefuse
fromthekerbsidewithachargeperempty.
Inaddition,therearetheusualcomplementofsecondhandandcharitystoresinWhakatne.These
includeCReW(CommunityResourcesWhakatne)whoareacommunitybasedorganisationwhore
use,recycleandresellwasteitems.TheCouncilworkscloselywithCReWanddivertswastematerials
tothemfromthetransferstation.
3.4
WasteSourcesandDestination
Theprevioussectionsoutlinethesolidwastesourcesandservicesavailableinthedistrict.Thetable
belowoutlinestherelationshipbetweenthesetwo.
Table6Processinganddestinationofdifferentwastesources
WasteSource
Processing
Destination
CouncilKerbsideCollected
HouseholdandCommercial
Refuse
OffloadedatWhakatne
TransferStationand
dispatchedtolandfill
TirohiaLandfill
KerbsideCollectedRecycling
Someseparationatthe
kerbsideandsomeatthe
WhakatneTransferStation
Separationofglass,paper
andcardboard,plastics,
Glasstransportedto
Aucklandforprocessing.
Paperandcardboardsentto
regionalpapermills
Comingledrecyclingsentto
14.
metalsandcomingled
recycling
Taurangaforseparationand
forwardedforprocessing
Metalwastesforwardedto
recyclersinAuckland
KerbsideCollectedGreen
Waste
CommercialRefuse(includes
bothcommerciallycollected
wasteandthatdroppedoffby
commercialorganisations)
CommercialRecycling
(includesbothcommercially
collectedrecyclingandthat
droppedoffbycommercial
organisations)
OffloadedatWhakatne
TransferStationandmixed
withpublic/commercial
dropoffs
Greenwastecomposting
facilityinKawerau
OffloadedatWhakatne,
Murupara,andHarvey
FamilyTrustTransfer
Stationsanddispatchedto
landfill
TirohiaLandfill
Someseparationat
WhakatneandMurupara
TransferStations
andcardboard,plasticsand
cominglerecycling
CommercialGreenWaste
(includesbothcommercially
collectedgreenwasteandthat
droppedoffbycommercial
organisations)
Publicdropoffrefuse
regionalpapermills
Muruparacomingleissent
toWhakatneTransfer
Station.Allcomingle
recyclingisthensentto
OffloadedatWhakatne
andMuruparaTransfer
Stationandmixedkerbside
dropoffs
Greenwastecomposting
facilityinKawerau
WhakatneandMurupara
TransferStations
TirohiaLandfill
PublicdropoffRecycling
Someseparationat
WhakatneandMurupara
TransferStations
Commercialandpublicdrop
GlassfromWhakatne
transportedtoAucklandfor
processingandthatfrom
MuruparatoRotorua
GlassfromWhakatne
transportedtoAucklandfor
processingandthatfrom
MuruparatoRotorua
regionalpapermills
andcardboard,plasticsand
cominglerecycling
Muruparacomingleissent
toWhakatneTransfer
Station.Allcomingle
recyclingisthensentto
SeparatedatWhakatne
Timbersenttopapermills
15.
offConstructionand
Demolition(C&D)wastes
andMuruparaTransfer
Stations
forfuelwhenrequired,or
senttoTirohialandfillwhen
largebacklogsoccur
Noncommercialloadsof
concrete(withoutsteel)and
cleanfillusedincouncil
constructionprojects
CommunityResources
Whakatnecollectandre
sellusedC&Dwastes
Publicareallowedtoreuse
C&Dwastes
offmetals
offtyres
offhazardouswaste
3.5
SeparationatWhakatne
andMuruparaTransfer
Stations
Metalwastesforwardedto
recyclersinAuckland
SeparationatWhakatne
andMuruparaTransfer
Stations
Tyresarecollectedand
transportedtoeither
WaikatoorAucklandfor
reprocessing
WhakatneandMurupara
TransferStations
Collectedandtransportedto
Aucklandforprocessing
WasteEducation
Council provides educational material on its website and supports other educational programmes
suchasthePaperforTreesprogramme,ParaKoreandConsciousConsumers.
16.
4.0
WASTEDATA
The Council holds historical data from the 2006/07 financial year onwards for waste collected and
sent to landfill, waste collected through recycling collections and subsequently reprocessed, green
waste,andlitterandflytippingremoval.Incorrectrecordingofgreenwastevolumesfor2010/11and
2011/12haveledtoestimatedtotals.
Table7Totalwastestreamsannually
WasteType
Recycling
Green
Waste
Construction
and
Demolition
WasteTo
Landfill
Total
2006/07
4,000
3,474
NA
9,509
16,983
2007/08
4,166
4,994
NA
14,261
23,421
2008/09
3,705
4,989
NA
14,909
23,603
2009/10
4,096
4,631
NA
13,892
22,619
2010/11
5,382
4,400E
NA
13,244
23,026E
2011/12
4,244
4,280E
622
12,476
21,662E
2012/13
4,121
4,164
761
11,962
21,008
2013/14
3,979
4,315
1,106
11,178
20,578
*Note:Eindicatesanestimatedamount
Thevariouswastestreamsarediscussedinmoredetailbelow.
4.1
Wastetolandfill
ThiswastestreamincludesallCouncilcontrolledwastesenttolandfillfromtheDistrictincludingthe
kerbsideresidualwastecollectionsandallresidualwastedelivereddirectlytotheCouncilstransfer
stations.
Residualwastevolumesappeartoincreasesignificantlybetween2006/07and2007/08,thenreduce
fromthistime.Howeveranalysisofdatarecordedmonthlyovertheperiod20062008suggeststhat
thisisduetochangesinthewaywastedatawasbeingrecorded,withthefirstfewmonthsofthe
2006/07yearparticularlyinaccurateasrecordingsystemswereintroduced.Duetothisanomaly,for
practicalpurposesthe2006/7datashouldbeexcludedfromanyanalysis.Theoverallgeneraltrend
over the period above is a continued decrease in waste sent to landfill , demonstrating Councils
progresstowardstheoveralltargetforwasteminimisation.
Residualwastetolandfillhastwomainsources;theCouncilkerbsidecollectionsandtransferstation
waste. The amount dropped off at the transfer stations is higher than the amount collected at
kerbside. The amount deposited at the transfer station during 2013/14 has decreased significantly
duetoHandeeCanServicesandFooteBinsprocessingandtransportingtheirownrefusetolandfill
representingareductionofapproximately1300tonnesperannumpassingthroughtheWhakatne
transferstation
Other changes to practices over the last few years, such as an increase in reusable material being
divertedthroughtheCReWReuseCentreandalternativeusesbeingfoundforwasteconcreteand
timber,mayalsohaveresultedinareductioninwastetolandfill.
17.

Table8ResidualWastestreams
ResidualWasteSource
CouncilKerbsideCollection
WasteDeliveredTo
TransferStation
2007/08
6,048
8,213
2008/09
6,069
8,840
2009/10
5,981
7,911
2010/11
5,125
8,119
2011/12
4,834
7,642
2012/13
4,914
7,048
2013/14
4,922
6,256
4.2
Compositiondataanddiversionpotentialfromwastegoingtolandfill
Thecompositionofthewastethatgoestolandfillwasanalysedin2007andtoanextentreflectsthe
composition of kerbside collected refuse; see Fig 2. Some slight differences, such as a higher
proportion of timber and rubber (tyres), are expected due to commercial dropoffs directly to the
transferstation.TheCouncilbelievesthatthecompositionoflandfillwastetodayhasnotchanged
significantly from that of 2007 and that the costs for undertaking another detailed composition
assessmentatthistimewerenotjustified.TheCouncilalsobelievestheseresultscloselyreflectthe
compositionoflandfillwastetodayandassuchthepotentialfordivertingwastefromlandfillisthe
sameasin2007.
Themostsignificantchangeislikelytobeseeninconstructionanddemolitionmaterial,astheCouncil
hasintroducedanewconcretediversionprogrammeandtheCReWReuseCentrehasopened.
18.
Figure2CompositionofWastetoLandfill(September2007)
timber
11%
rubber pot.haz
1%
0%
paper
10% plastic
1%
rubble,concreteetc
8%
food
23%
nappies&sanitary
6%
nonrecyclableglass
1%
nonrecyclablemetal
other
1%
nonrecyclableplastic
10%
nonrecyclablepaper textiles
4%
5%
garden
12%
glass
3%
metal
4%
4.3
Compositiondataanddiversionpotentialfromcouncilkerbsidecollection
TheCouncilundertakeskerbsidecollectionsforbothbusinessesandresidentialproperties.Whileno
detailed analysis of kerbside refuse was undertaken for this assessment, there was an analysis of
residentialkerbsiderefuseundertakenin2007.TheCouncilbelievesthatcompositionofwastetoday
hasnotchangedsignificantlyfromthatof2007andthatthecostsforundertakinganotherdetailed
compositionassessmentatthistimewerenotjustified;althoughitisnotedthatthiscompositiondata
only represents urban Whakatne residential properties and therefore does not represent rural
residentialwaste.Theresultsofthe2007compositionassessmentareshownbelow.
19.
Figure3CompositionofHouseholdKerbsideRefuseCollection(September2007)
rubble,concreteetc
4%
nappies&sanitary
8%
nonrecyclableglass
2%
timber rubber/pot.haz
0%
3%
paper
12%
plastic
1%
nonrecyclablemetal
other
2%
nonrecyclableplastic
13%
nonrecyclablepaper
4%
textiles
3%
glass
3% metal
2%
food
36%
garden
8%
Whiletherecyclingrateshaveimprovedsincethistime,theCouncilbelievesthatmanycharacteristics
ofthisdatastillapplytodayandthatelementssuchasfoodwaste,paper,nappiesandnonrecyclable
plasticsstillmakeupamajorpartofthewaste.
Thedatafromthissurveyshowedthatatthetime,17.5%ofkerbsiderefusecouldhavebeenrecycled
while40.3%wascompostable.Thisdataandobservationsmadeofrefusecollectedatthekerbside
showthatmanyhouseholdersstilldonotseparatealltheirrecyclablewaste.Whileitisnotpractically
possibletodivert100%ofanywastestream,recyclingratescouldbeimprovedthrougheducation,
changinghouseholdpractices,andmodifyingthekerbsiderecyclingcollection.
TheCouncilhasasuccessfulgreenwastekerbsidecollectionandcompostingprogramme.Onceagain,
asanycontaminatedorstronglyodorousloadsofgreenwastearedivertedtolandfill,itwouldnotbe
feasibletodivert100%ofgreenwastefromlandfill.
Duetopublicopposition,theCouncildoesnotintendtoincludefoodwasteintheproposedgreen
waste composting facility. However, food waste remains a major constituent of the kerbside and
commercial refuse streams. Grades 1 and 2 plastics are currently recycled through kerbside
collections.
4.4
Recyclingandrecovery
Recycling quantities peaked in 2010/11 and have since fallen noticeably. Similarly, green waste
quantities were highest in 2008/09 and have since declined. There are no clear reasons for this
reductionandthereisuncertaintyabouttheaccuracyofsomedatashowninTable7.Theremay
have been an impact from the increasing popularity of the CReW Reuse Centre over the last few
years, and it is possible that residents may be improving their own waste management practices.
Recoveryofconstructionanddemolitionmaterialhasincreasedsignificantlyoverthelastfewyears
followingasuccessfulrecoveryprogrammeintroducedattheWhakatnetransferstation.
Wastetolandfill,asaproportionofthetotalwastestreamintheDistrict,hasbeensteadilyreducing
overthelastfewyears.Thismeans,conversely,thatrecoveredandrecycledmaterialsmaybemaking
20.
up an increasing proportion of the total waste stream. Without further data it is not possible to
analysethesewastestreamsfurther.
4.5
RefuseandRecyclingParticipation
The most recent customer satisfaction survey for the Council was conducted in 2014 through a
telephonesurveyof300residentsthroughoutthedistrict..Theresultsareshownbelow:
Satisfactionwithtransferstationdisposalfacilities:
Theresultsshowthat79%ofresidentsweresatisfiedwithtransferstationdisposalfacilities,including
40%whowereverysatisfied,10%werenotverysatisfiedand11%wereunabletocomment. The
percentnotverysatisfiedwiththeseservicesissimilartothenationalaverage.
72% of the households surveyed had used a transfer station facility in the previous 12 months, of
these,87%weresatisfiedand12%notverysatisfied.
Therewerenonotabledifferencesbetweendifferentareasofthedistrictorbetweensocioeconomic
groups, in terms of those residents that were not very satisfied. However, it appears that rural
residentswereslightlymoredissatisfied.
Satisfactionwithkerbsidecollections(recycling,greenwasteandresidual):
Theresultsshowthat87%ofresidentsweresatisfiedwithkerbsidecollectionservices,including62%
who were very satisfied, 8% who were not very satisfied and 5% were unable to comment. The
percentnotverysatisfiedwiththeseservicesissimilartothenationalaverage.
21.
94%ofresidentswereprovidedwitharegularkerbsidecollectionserviceintheprevious12months,
ofthese91%weresatisfiedand7%notverysatisfied.Themainreasonsfordissatisfactionwere:
4.6
recyclingissues/extendingtherangeofrecyclablesmentionedby2%ofresidents
rubbishnotalwayscollectedmentionedby2%ofresidents
poorservicefromcontractors/leavingrubbishbehindmentionedby2%ofresidents
SummaryandConclusions
Percapitawastegeneration201314(refuseandrecycling)wascalculatedtobe211Kgpercapitaper
annumthroughkerbsidecollectionsand593Kgpercapitaperannumintotal.
Whilethekerbsidecollectionfigureishigherthanmanyotherdistricts,thismayreflectatendencyfor
morenonresidentialcustomerstousetheCouncilprovidedkerbsidecollections.ManyCouncilsin
NewZealanddonotprovidekerbsidecollectionservicestononresidentialcustomers.
WDCisresponsibleforthetransportanddisposalofmostofthesolidwastefromtheDistrict.The
Councilthereforehasalevelofriskassociatedwithitscurrentfinancialexposure,shouldthecostsof
transport and disposal increase unexpectedly and cost recovery at the transfer stations is not
adequately achieved. However, the Council negotiated very favourable long term landfill fees until
2020.WDCcurrentlypaysatotalofabout$70pertonneforhaulageanddisposalatlandfill.Thisis
very favourable compared to other Councils and sites, for example, Rotorua landfill disposal fees
alonearecurrently$138pertonneforcommercialusers.
As most of the districts waste is in Council control, this also gives the Council much greater
opportunitytodivertwastefromlandfillcomparedtomanyotherlocalauthorities.
4.6.1
CompostableMaterial
Ifdisposedofinalandfill,compostablewastebreaksdownintheanaerobicenvironmentproducing
methane.Methaneisagreenhousegasaround21timesmorepowerfulthanCO2andthereforethis
isasignificantwastemanagementissuefortheDistrictintermsofpotentialenvironmentalimpacts.
Theanalysisfrom2007showedthatthelargestfeasiblydivertiblefractionremaininginthekerbside
collectedwastewasorganicwaste.Thetwomainmaterialswerefoodwasteandgardenwaste.The
Councildivertsover4,000tonnesofgreenwasteperannumforcompostinganddoesnotinclude
foodwasteinthecompostingprocess.
TheCouncilsubmittedaResourceConsentapplicationtooperateitsowngreenwastecomposting
facilityinJuly2014.Duetopublicoppositionandconcernsoverodoursandvermin,theCouncilhas
excludedfoodwastefromthisapplication.
4.6.2
DryRecyclables
Thereisstillsomerecyclablematerialinthehouseholdresidualwastestreamthatcouldberecycled
throughthekerbsiderecyclingcollection.Observationsatthetransferstationsshowthatthereisalso
recyclablematerialcurrentlygoingtolandfillfromnonhouseholdsources.
Whilecaptureofrecyclablematerialthatiseasilyretrievedfromwaste(wood,metalsandplastics)
occursatthetransferstation,muchofthematerialthatwouldberecycledismixedwithotherwaste
andthereforenotretrievable.Toincreasetherecoveryrateofrecyclables,separationatsourcebythe
generatoristhekey.
4.6.3
RuralWasteManagement
Thereislittledatarelatingtoruralwastecomposition,andsurveyshaveshownthatCouncilsservices
areusedlessintheseareas.RecentresearchintheBayofPlentysuggeststhatmuchruralwasteis
managedwithinproperties,sometimesinlessthanidealways.Nationalexperiencesuggeststhere
22.
maybeissuesspecificallywiththiscustomergrouprelatingtoagriculturalchemicalcontainers,silage
wrap,andonsitedisposalorburningofwastes.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that many rural residents in Whakatne either use private collection
services,whichgenerallydonotincludearecyclingcollection,ordelivertheirwastedirectlytothe
transfer station. However the lack of data specifically relating to the Whakatne District makes it
difficulttoassesswhatthekeyissuesare,andhowserioustheymightbe.
5.0
FUTUREDEMAND
5.1
FutureDemand
A wide range of factors can affect future demand for waste and resource recovery services and
infrastructureandthesecanvaryovertime.Thismeansthatpredictingfuturedemandhasinherent
uncertainties. Key factors which could affect Whakatnes waste minimisation and management
outcomesareoutlinedbelow.
5.1.1
PopulationGrowth
ThepopulationoftheWhakatneDistrictisprojectedtoremainapproximatelystableuntilaround
2033,experiencingbothminorgrowthanddeclineuntil2029andfallingtoapproximately33,408in
2033.Beginningaround2036,theincreaseddeclinereflectsbothanacceleratedshiftfromnatural
increasetonaturaldecline,andnetmigrationacrosstheentireperiod.
At the 2013 census, the District had a population of 32,691 (a decrease of 1.8% since 2006). The
largesturbanareaisWhakatne(includinghope).Atotalof68%ofthepopulationliveintheurban
areasofWhakatne,Edgecumbe,Murupara,TeTeko,TneatuaandMatat.Overall,ratesofgrowth
intheWhakatneurbanareahaveslowedsincethe1990sbutthereisastronggrowthinparticular
nodal areas such as Coastlands. This is symptomatic of a general trend, both nationally and
internationally,ofpeoplemovingclosertothecoast.
There has been a clear trend which points to an increasing aging population (65+ years) and a
decreasing younger population (014 years), that reflects the national trend. This is predicted to
continue,overonethirdofWhakatnespopulationwillbeaged65+yearsby2033(upfrom15.5%in
2013).Thisisdrivenprimarilybythenetmigrationlossofreproductiveageadultsandalsoinitialgains
atolderages.
Itisnotenvisagedthatpopulationgrowthordecline,willhaveanysignificanteffectonfuturedemand
forwasteminimisationandmanagementserviceswithinthedistrictduringthetermoftheWMMP.
5.1.2
HouseholdTrends
Householdgrowthisprimarilyafunctionofpopulationgrowth.Howeverthenumberofhouseholds
isprojectedtoincrease,whilepopulationdecreases,duetoatrendtowardssmallerhouseholdand
familysizes.Thiswillhaveanimpactonwastegenerationduetothefactthatmorewastepercapita
isgeneratedfromsmallerhouseholdsthanfromlargerones.
The National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis (NIDEA) provide projections for the
numberofhouseholds.Itispredictedthatdespiteastaticandpotentiallydecliningpopulation,the
demandforhousingispredictedtogrowuntilaround2031.hope,WhakatnetownandCoastlands
areexpectedtohavethegreatestincreaseinhouseholdsoverthenexttenyears.Thedataestimates
asteadyincreaseinthenumberoffamilyandonepersonhouseholds,until2033,beforedeclining,
partiallyduetotheagingpopulation.However,thereislikelytobeadecreaseintheoccupancyrate.
Thismirrorsacurrentnationaltrendwithsmallerfamiliesandalargerproportionofindividualsliving
ontheirown(dueinparttoanagingpopulation).Asofthe2013census,thereare2,757oneperson
householdsmakingup23.8percentofallhouseholdsintheWhakatneDistrict.InNewZealand,one
23.
person households make up 23.5 percent of all households. The average household size in the
WhakatneDistrictis2.7people,whichisthesameastheaverageforallofNewZealand.
ResidentialdevelopmentisoccurringinanumberofareasaroundtheDistrict,particularlyincoastal
areas.Thenatureofthisincludesbothintensificationofcurrentlypopulatedareasandextendinginto
thelesserpopulatedgreenfieldareas.Includedinthis areanumberlargerlifestyleblocks around
Whakatne.Atpresent,Whakatneurbanandcoastalareasareexperiencingcontinuedresidential
andcommercialdevelopmentdue,inpart,totheincreasingnumberofpeoplewishingtoliveand
retiretoacoastalareaandtheattractionofWhakatneasaholidaydestination.
Itisnotenvisagedthathouseholdtrendswillhaveanysignificanteffectonfuturedemandforwaste
minimisationandmanagementserviceswithinthedistrictduringthetermoftheWMMP,withthe
possibleexceptionofincreasingnumbersoflifestylepropertiesthatmayneeddifferentservicesto
thosecurrentlyoffered.
5.1.3
EconomicGrowth
Economicgrowthhastraditionallybeencorrelatedwithwasteproduction.Higherlevelsofeconomic
activity leads to greater production and consumption of goods and this in turn can lead to higher
quantitiesofwaste.
A common measure of economic growth is GrossDomestic Product (GDP) which is New Zealand's
officialmeasureofeconomicgrowth.AsGDPincreasessodoesconsumptionwhichthenincreases
wastevolumes.
The Treasury reports that growth in the March 2015 year and beyond is expected to pick up as
businessandresidentialinvestmentrise,inpartdrivenbytheCanterburyrebuild.Annualrealprivate
consumption growth is forecast to peak at 2.8% in the 2014 and 2015 March years, before
moderatingto2.0%intheMarch2017year.
Ingeneral,itisnotanticipatedthateconomicgrowthwillbeasignificantfactorinputtingpressureon
wastemanagementservices.
Itisnotenvisagedthateconomicgrowth,willhaveanysignificanteffectonfuturedemandforwaste
minimisationandmanagementserviceswithinthedistrictduringthetermoftheWMMP.
5.1.4
RecyclingMarkets
Recovery of materials from the waste stream for recycling and reuse is heavily dependent on the
recoveredmaterialshavinganeconomicvalue.Thisparticularlyholdstrueforrecoveryofmaterialsin
the private sector. Markets for recycled commodities are influenced by prevailing economic
conditionsandmostsignificantlybycommoditypricesfortheequivalentvirginmaterials.
TherecyclingmarkethasbeengreatlyaffectedbyChinasintroductionandsubsequentenforcement
ofstrictcontrolsonimportedplastics.ThishasresultedinsomeCouncilsstockpilingplasticscollected
for recycling for a period of time, particularly mixed plastics. Major Ewaste recyclers have also
recentlygoneoutofbusiness.
The subsequent changes in the market have had a particular impact on poor quality recycling
materialthatisnotwellsorted,orisamixtureofdifferenttypes.Councilscanreducetheirexposure
tothisandfutureprooftheirrecyclingsystemsbyensuringthatrecyclablesareseparatedintohigher
qualitymaterialstreams.Thismayrequirechangestocollectionandsortingpractices.
Itseemslikelythatanyincreaseindemandforprocessingwouldbeabletobemetbytheprivate
sector,contingentontheongoingtransportofrecyclablestothesemarkets.Developmentofamore
localisedrecyclablesprocessingmarketwouldrequiretheCouncil,business,andcommunitygroups
workingtogethertoidentifypotentialopportunities.
24.
5.1.5
CentralGovernmentPolicy
Thereareanumberofkeypoliciesandpiecesoflegislationthatmayinfluencedemandforrefuseand
recyclingservicesinWhakatneDistrict.TheseincludetheWMA,theEmissionsTradingSchemeand
NZ Waste strategy. At the time of writing this document, central government has indicated some
foreseeable changes including the introduction of mandatory product stewardship for some items,
and the extension of the waste levy to cleanfills. This could affect future demand for waste
managementandminimisationduringthetermoftheWMMP.
The Council is also now required to comply with the requirements of Section 17A of the Local
GovernmentAmendmentAct2014.Thishasimplicationsforanysolidwastemanagementcontracts
that are due to expire within two years, which applies to many of the more significant service
contracts.
5.1.6
Changesinlifestylesandconsumption
As explained above household waste growth is closely related to household consumption. The
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development recognises the following driving forces
behindcurrentandprojectedhouseholdconsumptionpatterns:
Risingpercapitaincome
Demographics(moreworkingwomen,moresinglepersonhouseholds,largerretirement
population)
Accompanyingchangesinlifestylesleadingtoindividualisedbuyingpatterns
Shifttowardsmoreprocessedandpackagedproducts
Higherlevelsofapplianceownership
Wideruseofservicesandrecreation
Technology
Institutionsandinfrastructurethatcreatetheprevailingconditionsfacedbyhouseholders
Whilelifestylefactorssuchasincreasinguseoftechnologyarelikelytobeongoingagentsofchange,
overall it is not expected that they will have any significant effect on future demand for waste
minimisationandmanagementserviceswithinthedistrictduringthetermoftheWMMP.
25.
5.2
GapAnalysis
In general, based on the data in Section 4 and information in this section, total waste volumes in
Whakatneareunlikelytoincreasesignificantlyintheforeseeablefuture.However,thedemandfor
services may change slightly due to changes in in lifestyle and community composition, and an
increasingawarenessofthecostsandenvironmentalimpactsofwastedisposal.Thesesmallchanges
arenotexpectedtohaveanysignificanteffectduringthetermoftheWMMP.
Tables7and8showslightfluctuationsinwastevolumesforallwastetypesoverrecentyears.Overall,
thereisaslightdecreaseinthetotalsolidwastevolumeswithkerbsidecollectedwasteincreasing
slightly along with green waste, while waste delivered by the public to the transfer station has
droppedslightly.WhileWDCaimstocontinuallydecreasetheamountofwastesenttolandfillforthe
termofthenextWMMPandthecurrentLongTermPlan,itisexpectedthatoverallwastevolumes
willbeprettystagnantand,exceptforchangesinhowwasteismanaged,itisnotexpectedthatthere
willbeanysignificantchangesaffectingthesolidwasteservicesandinfrastructurerequirements.
Howeverotherfactorsresultinexistingandforecastedgapsinservice.Thesearediscussedinmore
detailbelow.
5.2.1
ServiceReview
Many of the Councils solid waste management contracts will expire during the term of the next
WMMP. Several aspects of the service need reviewing partly to prepare for this procurement
process, and partly to identify possible improvements in service. The Council is also required to
complywithSection17AoftheLocalGovernmentAmendmentAct2014,whichhasspecificcriteria
foraservicereview.
5.2.2
RecyclingInfrastructure
Thereisverylittlerecyclinginfrastructureintheregionandrecyclablesarecurrentlytransportedout
oftheregionforprocessing,withtheexceptionofasmallamountofmetals.
However, recycling infrastructure generally has capacity, with facilities in the Auckland region in
particularcurrentlyimportingrecyclablesfromalloverNewZealand.
Once again, transport costs are the key issue here. Development of more local recycling
infrastructure,evenifjustpreprocessing,wouldhelptoreduceexposuretothisongoingcost.
5.2.3
OrganicWasteInfrastructure
The districts green waste is currently transported to and processed in Kawerau. As explained in
Section 4, the Council has submitted a Resource Consent application for its own green waste
processingfacility.However,shouldtheproposedsitegoaheaditwillnotprocessfoodwaste.
Thereareprobablynofacilitiesthatacceptandrecycleputresciblewasteasaseparatewastestream
inthedistrictorcloseenoughtojustifyseparatecollectionandtransportationcosts.Thisisanarea
thatpresentsopportunityfortheCounciltoreducedisposalcosts,shouldaneconomicallyfeasible
alternativeprocessingoptionbefound.
Householderscancompostgreenwasteandsomefoodwasteeasilyathomeatlowornocost,and
very few properties in the Whakatane District would be unable to do this for reasons of space;
althoughmanywouldprobablychoosenottocompostsomefoodwastessuchasmeat,dairyand
cookedfoodathome.Somefoodwastecanbemanagedathomebyhouseholdsusingtechniques
suchasvermicompostingorcomposting.Somecostmaybeinvolvedifamanufacturedwormbinor
composting bin is used. In addition, a proportion of households (approximately 1/3 according to
nationalestimates)areequippedwithinsinkfoodwastedisposersandarelikelytodisposeofatleast
someoftheirfoodwastethisway.
26.
5.2.4
AlternativeTechnologies
TheCouncildoesnotcurrentlyseeasignificantneedforalternativetechnologies,particularlythose
thatprovideanalternativetolandfillandoftenrequirehighcapitalinvestment.TheCouncildoesnot
plantoexcludealternativetechnologiesandwillconsideranyoptionsthatarepresented.
5.2.5
DisposalInfrastructure
AsdiscussedearlierinSection01,landfillcapacitywithinorneartheDistrictisanissue.Thelandfill
currentlyusedpresentsnoissuewithcapacityassuch,butthedistancefortransporttothisfacility
exposestheCounciltoapotentiallysignificantandongoingcost.WhiletheCouncilhasagoodvalue
haulagecontractinplaceuntilJanuary2016,andaveryfavourabledisposalrateuntil2020,itislikely
thatthesecostswillincreaseinthefuture.
Disposalinfrastructurepresentsanissuefortheregionasawhole,aswellastheWhakataneDistrict
all Councils in the Bay of Plenty, with the exception of Rotorua, currently transport their residual
wastewelloutofthedistrictfordisposal.
Whilethisdoesntpresentanimmediateproblem,giventheCouncilscompetitivedisposalrates,this
contractwillcomeupforrenewalduringtheperiodofthenextWMMPandpresentsanareaofriskat
thatstage.
5.2.6
Ruralwastemanagement
Although no data exists, the Council believes many rural residents either use private collection
services,whichgenerallydonotincludearecyclingcollection,burntheirwasteordropitoffatthe
Whakatane and Muruparatransfer stations. It is known that one local providersupplies 44 gallon
drumsandlinerstoruralresidentsinareasnotcoveredbyCouncilservicesandchargesperempty.
The organisation Agrecovery periodically collects hazardous substances and containers from rural
properties.
ResearchintothisareahasrecentlybeenundertakenbyWaikatoandBayofPlentyRegionalCouncils.
Appropriateresponseswillbeconsideredasaresultofthisresearch.
ArecentsurveyundertakenonwastedisposalpracticesatruralpropertieswithintheWaikatoand
Bay of Plenty areas states that, Rural waste disposal is creating a potential land and water
contaminationlegacywhichmayimpactonhuman,animalandecologicalhealthforgenerationsto
come.TheCouncilwillbeconsideringactionstoaddressthisissueintheWMMP.
5.2.7
WasteEducation
WhiletheCouncilprovideseducationalmaterialonitswebsiteandpartakesinvariousprogrammesas
listedinsection3.2,itisrecognisedthattheCouncilcouldundertakemorewasterelatededucation
withinthedistrict.
5.2.8
PublicPlaceRecycling
AlthoughtheDistricthostsalargenumberoftouristsandtemporaryresidentsoverholidayperiods,
therearefewprovisionsforthiscustomergroup.
5.2.9
NonCouncilcontrolledwastes
ThelackofinformationavailableonwastecollectedbypartiesotherthantheCouncilmakesitdifficult
tobuildafullpictureofwasteintheDistrict,thereforemakingitmoredifficulttoaccuratelyidentify
futuredemandandgapsinservice.HoldingbetterdataonnonCouncilcontrolledwastewouldalso
helptheCounciltosupporttheproposednationalwastedataframework.
27.
6.0
STATEMENTOFOPTIONS
ThefollowingsubsectionsoutlinethebroadoptionsavailabletotheCounciltomanageitswasteinordertomeetfuturedemand.
6.1
WasteReduction,Communication,ConsultationandPartnerships
Option
Continuetoprovide
someinformationabout
services
Strategicassessment
Social/Cultural:awarenessofwasteissuesandbehaviourwillnot
changesignificantly
Environmental:wastereductionisnotencouragedtoagreat
extent
Economic:lowcostoptionwithsmallbudgetforcommunication
Providefrequentand
detailedinformation
aboutwasteservices,
preventionand
minimisation,alongside
communityengagement
throughaWasteFocus
group,consultation
processesand
communityleadership
(e.g.wastechampions,
celebratingsuccess)
Social/Cultural:communitywillbemoreawareofoptions,more
engagedinthewastemanagementprocessandshouldtakea
higherlevelofownershipoftheissue
Environmental:diversionfromresidualwasteshouldincreasewith
resultantreductioninenvironmentalimpact
Economic:providingmorefrequentanddetailedinformationto
communitywillrequiremorebudgetwithintheCouncil.
Engagementwiththecommunitythroughconsultationeventsand
WasteFocusGroupmeetingsisrelativelylowcost.
Social/Cultural:greatersharingofknowledgeandexperience,and
improvedcooperationbetweencommunities
Investigateandestablish
Environmental:potentialtoestablishfacilitiestorecovermaterials
partnership
andorenergyfromwastestreamsthatWDCmaynothavethe
arrangementswithother
capabilitytodooperatingalone
localCouncils
Economic:opportunitytoachieveeconomiesofscaleandenhance
localeconomicdevelopmentthroughenhancedlocalprocessing.
Comment&Analysisof
ImpactonFutureDemand
CouncilsRole
Thecommunitywillnotchange Continuetoprovidesomeinformation
theirbehaviourandtherefore
futuredemandislikelyto
continueonbaselinepredictions
i.e.wastetolandfillwillnot
significantlychange
Analysisofdatasuggeststhere
issignificantpotentialtoreduce,
reuseandrecyclemorewaste.
TheCouncilsZerowaste
philosophysupportsthis
approach.
Council toproduceanddelivermore
information,andworkmoreclosely
withthecommunitythroughWaste
FocusGroupandproactive
consultationprocesses
Communityshouldreducetheir
relianceonresidualwaste
collections.Demandfor
recyclingserviceswillincrease.
Therearelikelytobebenefits
fromworkingcloselywith
neighbouringauthorities,and
BoPRCtoestablishorganic
wasteandrecycling
infrastructureandtoshare
knowledgeandexperience.
Establishinglinksandcommunication
atkeylevelsinCouncil
23
6.2
OrganicWaste
Option
Strategicassessment
Social/Cultural:communitywillbemoreinformedaboutgarden
wasteoptions
Continueexisting
services,withadditional
encouragementfor
homecomposting.
Procurenewcontracts
thatcontinueexisting
servicesonly.
Environmental:diversionfromresidualwasteshouldincrease
slightly,witharesultantreductioninenvironmentalimpact
Economic:therewouldbeasmallcosttoCouncilinencouraging
homecomposting(potentiallysubsidisinghomecompostingbins)
andprovidingshreddingservices.Costofthegreenwaste
collectionmayreduceslightlyiflesstonnageiscollectedthrough
thesystem.
Social/Cultural:impactlikelytobeminimalalthoughdifficultto
predictwithoutbeingspecificaboutpotentialoptions.
Usetheprocurement
processtoexplore
optionstodivertmore
organicwastefrom
landfill,whilenot
reducingservicesnor
increasingcosts.This
wouldincludeservicesto
ruralcustomers.
Environmental:additionalcollectionservicesmayberequired.
Additionalprocessingfacilitiesmaybenecessary.Itwouldreduce
theenvironmentalimpactofwaste.Wasteavoidanceandresource
recoverywouldimprove.
Economic:therewouldbeacostforadditionalserviceand
processingfacility,ortransporttoexistingprocessingfacility.
Economicbenefitthroughbeneficialuseoforganicmaterials,and
reducedlandfillcosts.Supportslessfrequentcollectionofresidual
waste.Financialimpactcouldbereducedbyrequiringoptionsto
bepossibleatthesameorsimilarpricetoexistingservices.
Comment&Analysisof
CouncilsRole
Analysisofdatashowsthat
thereisstillgreenwasteinthe
householdresidualwaste
stream,andtheoverallresidual
wastestream.
Continuetoprovideexistingkerbside
collection,andaddinformationon
homecomposting,shreddingservices,
andanyotherinitiatives(e.g.
subsidisedcompostingbins)
Customerswillbemorelikelyto
divertgreenwastefromlandfill,
andmanageitinwaysthat
keepsitfromtheCouncilwaste
streamthusreducingdemand
forCouncilservice
Analysisofdatashowsthata
significantportionofthewaste
streamisfoodwaste,bothfrom
Designandprocurementofservices.
Councilwouldneedtoassessrelative
cost/benefitofvariouscollection
options.
Todivertthiswastefrom
landfill,collectionservicesare
required.
Councilcouldbesolelead,orcould
workinpartnershipwithcommunity
and/orcontractortoprovideservices
Newprocessinginfrastructure
wouldberequired
Therewouldbereduced
demandforresidualcollection
anddisposal
24
6.3
Recycling
StrategicAssessment
Option
Continueexisting
services.Procurenew
contractsthatcontinue
existingservicesonly.
Social/Cultural:awarenessofrecycling issuesandbehaviourwill
notchangesignificantly
Environmental:recyclingisnotencouragedtoagreatextent
Economic:lowcostoptionalthoughdoesnttestmarketforother
optionsofsamecost
Social/Cultural:impactlikelytobeminimalalthoughdifficultto
predictwithoutbeingspecificaboutpotentialoptions.
Councilrecycling
collectionsusethe
procurementprocessto
exploreoptionstodivert
morerecyclablewaste
fromlandfill,whilenot
reducingservicesnor
increasingcosts.This
wouldincludeservicesto
ruralcustomers.
Environmental:additionalcollectionservicesmayberequired.
Additionalprocessingfacilitiesmaybenecessary.Itwouldreduce
theenvironmentalimpactofwaste.Wasteavoidanceandresource
recoverywouldimprove.
Economic:therewouldbeacostforadditionalserviceand
processingfacility,ortransporttoexistingprocessingfacility.
Economicbenefitthroughbeneficialuseoforganicmaterials,and
reducedlandfillcosts.Supportslessfrequentcollectionofresidual
waste.Financialimpactcouldbereducedbyrestrictingoptionsto
thosethatarepossibleonlyatasimilartotalcosttotheDistrict.
Comment&AnalysisOf
ImpactOnFutureDemand
CouncilsRole
Thecommunitywillnotchange Continueexistingservices
theirbehaviourandtherefore
futuredemandislikelyto
continueonbaselinepredictions
i.e.recyclingwillnotincrease
andwastetolandfillwillnot
significantlychange
Analysisofdatashowsthata
significantproportionof
recyclingisstillputinthe
rubbishcollection,bothfrom
Todivertthiswastefrom
landfill,alteredcollection
servicesarerequired.
Designandprocurementofservices.
Councilwouldneedtoassessrelative
cost/benefitofvariouscollection
options.
Councilcouldbesolelead,orcould
workinpartnershipwithcommunity
and/orcontractortoprovideservices
Newprocessinginfrastructure
mayberequired
Therewouldbereduced
anddisposal
25
StrategicAssessment
Option
Social/Cultural:thereisapossibilityofnegativesocialimpactsas
recyclingdropoffareascansometimesattractflytippingandother
antisocialbehaviour
Environmental:recyclingcouldincreaseandtheenvironmental
impactofwastereducedbydivertingmorewastefromlandfill
Providedropoff
facilities
Economic:morematerialwouldberecovered,andmaterialswould
beusedmoreefficiently.
Comment&AnalysisOf
ImpactOnFutureDemand
Projectionsofdemandsuggest
moreshorttermdemandfor
recyclingservicesincoastal
areassuchasCoastlandsand
Ohope.
Provisionofdropofffacilitiesin
theseareasoratlocationsthese
customersvisitfrequently(e.g.
harbourfrontorsupermarkets)
wouldencouragefurther
recycling.
CouncilsRole
Council couldleadonprovisionof
thesefacilities,orcouldencourage
localcommunitygroups(suchas
CommunityBoards)todevelop
concepts,providefacilitiesandself
manage.
Thesecouldalsobeprovidedas
publicplacerecyclingfacilities.
Introduceabylawto
supportandenforce
recyclingsystems
Social/Cultural:couldbedifficulttoeducateandcommunicate
somesectorsofthecommunityabouttheneedforabylaw;could
alsopromptsomenegativereaction.Extentofimpactwould
dependtoanextenthowthisisimplementede.g.ahighlevelof
communityinvolvementwouldhaveamorepositivesocialand
culturaloutcome
Thismayincreasedemandfor
recyclingservicesslightly
Council toalterexistingbylawand
promote
Environmental:additionalrecyclables(andorganicwasteifthis
serviceisprovided)couldbedivertedfromtheresidualwaste
collection
Economic:morematerialwouldberecoveredfromtheresidual
wastecollection,furtherreducingtransportanddisposalcosts
26
6.4
TransferStationWastes
Option
Introduceabylawor
otherregulatory
mechanismto
encouragemoresource
separationofwastes
suchasC&D
Divertmorewastesat
theWhakataneTransfer
Stationthroughpricing
tools,changedlayout
and/ormorereuseand
recyclingoptions
Strategicassessment
Comment&AnalysisofImpact
onFutureDemand
Social/Cultural:socialandculturalimpactswoulddependhowthis
isimplementede.g.ahighlevelofcommunityinvolvementwould
haveapositivesocialandculturalimpact
Analysisshowsthatthereisa
largeproportionofC&Dwaste
stillgoingtolandfill
Environmental:additionalrecyclableorcleanfillmaterialcouldbe
divertedfromtheresidualwastestream
Demandforalternativeservices
willincreasesuchasC&D
wasterecyclingandaccessto
cleanfilldisposal
Economic:theconstructionindustrymayexperienceadditional
costsinseparatingthesewastesatsource
haveapositivesocialandculturalimpact
Environmental:additionalrecyclableorcleanfillmaterialcouldbe
divertedfromtheresidualwastestream
Economic:increaseddiversionofwasteatthetransferstation
wouldprobablyhaveadditionaloperationalcosts.However
reducedwastetolandfillwouldhaveapositiveeconomicbenefit.
Analysisofdataandexperience
elsewheresuggeststhatmore
wastecouldbedivertedfrom
landfillatthetransferstation
stage.
Lessresidualwastewillneed
transportingtolandfilldisposal.
Demandforvariousrecycling
andrecoveryfacilitieswill
increase.
CouncilsRole
Council couldworkwiththe
communityandprivatesectorto
encouragetherecyclingofC&Dwaste.
Council considersthatseparationof
wastestreamsatthetransferstations
iseffectivebutcouldbeimprovedby
workingwiththecommunityand
encouragingthemtoseparatewaste
beforevisitingthetransferstations.
Councilwillcontinuetoworkwith
nonprofitcommunitygroupson
recyclingofmaterials.
27
6.5
Liquid,gaseousandhazardouswastes
Option
Provideadropoff
facilityattheWhakatane
TransferStationfor
additionalhazardous
materials(e.g.lead
basedpaintsand
asbestos)
Provideinformationto
thecommunityon
collectionanddisposal
servicesavailabletothe
area,otherthanthose
providedbyCouncile.g.
Agrecovery
Strategicassessment
Social/Cultural:Improvementofthemanagementofmaterialswhich
arepotentiallyhazardoustohumanhealth
Tonnageofhazardouswaste
isrelativelysmallandnot
predictedtoincrease.
Environmental:Provisionofanofficialcollectionpointwillhelpto
ensurehazardousmaterials,whicharepotentiallyhighly
Ongoingcostsshould
environmentallydamaging,arecollectedandsubsequentlydisposedof thereforeremainfairly
inanappropriatemanner.
stable.
CouncilsRole
Ensurehazardouswastedroppedoffis
storedanddisposedofappropriately.
Continuetoprovideinformationabout
howtodealwithhazardouswaste.
Economic:ongoingcosttoprovidefacility
Social/Cultural:Improvementofthemanagementofmaterialswhich
arepotentiallyhazardoustohumanhealth
Liaisewithserviceprovidersand
Collectionsbyservice
providersatsource(ruraland provideinformationtopublicand
urban)mayreducevolumes
targetgroups,e.g.farmers.
Environmental:Provisionofinformationwillaidappropriatecollection
attransferstations.
anddisposalofhazardousmaterials,whicharepotentiallyhighly
environmentallydamaging.Reductionininappropriatedisposalof
wastes,suchasburningorburial.
Economic:costsofadvertising
Social/Cultural:potentialsocial/culturalimpactsifthebiosolidsare
incorporatedintoanorganicwasteprocesssuchasvermicomposting,
associalviewswillrestricttheuseoftheendproduct.
Investigateoptionsfor
disposalofbiosolids
fromWhakatanewater
treatmentponds
Comment&Analysisof
Environmental:thebiosolidshavebeenassessedashavinglowheavy
metallevels.Theenvironmentalimpactofdisposalwilldependon
whichoptionischosen.Processingintoasoilimproverproductwill
mitigatealargeproportionoftheenvironmentalimpact.
Economic:costtodisposeoforprocessthebiosolidswillvary
dependingwhatoptionischosen.
Thebiosolidshavenotbeen
removedfromthesettlement
pondsforsometimebutwill
requireremovaland
processingatsomepointin
thefuture.Thisactionmay
beduplicatedbyliquidwaste
managementplans,inwhich
casemanagementofbio
solidswouldberemoved
fromtheWMMP.
Council toinvestigateoptionsfor
disposal/processingofthebiosolids,
consultcommunityonpreferred
options,andidentifymostappropriate
strategicdocumentforfuture
management.
28
6.6
Refusecollection,treatmentanddisposal(includingcleanfill)
Option
Councilresidualwaste
collectionscontinue
statusquo
StrategicAssessment
Cultural/Social/Environmental:nonewimpacts
Economic:wouldnotreducecostsonresidualwastetransportand
disposalcosts.
Cultural/Social:impactlikelytobeminimal/moderatealthough
difficulttopredictwithoutbeingspecificaboutpotentialoptions.
Councilresidualwaste
collectionsusethe
procurementprocessto
exploreoptionstodivert
morewastefromlandfill,
whilenotreducing
servicesnorincreasing
costs.Thiswouldinclude
servicestorural
customers.
Environmental:reducingresidualwastetolandfillandencouraging
morediversionofrecyclingwillhelptorecovermorematerialsand
toachieveenvironmentalgoals
Economic:therewouldbesavingsonresidualwastecollection,
transportanddisposal,butmoremayneedtobespenton
recycling/recoveryservices.Howeverthefinancialimpactcouldbe
reducedbyrestrictingoptionstothosethatwouldhaveasimilar
totalcosttotheDistrict.
Social/Cultural:noimpactsidentified
Refusedisposalforthe
Districtcontinuestatus
quo,usingtransfer
stationsandtransporting
outofDistricttolandfill.
Environmental:ongoingtransportofwasteoutoftheDistrictwill
continuetohaveanegativeenvironmentalimpact
Economic:wouldnotreducecostsonresidualwastetransportand
disposalcosts.Disposalcostsattransferstationswillhavetobe
reviewedregularlytoensurethatfullcostrecoveryistakingplace.
Comment&AnalysisOfImpact
OnFutureDemand
CouncilsRole
Wouldnotimpactonstatusquo
predictionofdemand
Maintainexistingservicearrangements.
Analysisshowsthatalarge
amountofrecyclablesisstillin
theresidualwastestream.
Experiencesuggeststhatonly
restrictingaccesstotheresidual
wasteservicewillchangethis
significantly.
Negotiateservicechangesandalter
servicedelivery.Servicechangescould
bedevelopedinpartnershipwiththe
community,orwiththeCouncilhaving
soleresponsibility
Wouldreducefutureservice
butcouldincreasedemandfor
recycling/compostingservices.
Somecustomersmaybelostto
alternativeserviceproviders
whomaynotproviderecycling
services,thereforediverting
wastetoresidualinstead.
Increaseinpricesattransfer
stationscouldincreasedemand
forrecyclingservices.
Maintainexistingsystems,andreview
chargesattransferstationstoensure
fullcostrecoverytakesplace
Wouldrequireimplementation
ofchargesatallCounciltransfer
stations.
29
Option
StrategicAssessment
OnFutureDemand
haveapositivesocialandculturalimpact.Couldprovideadditional
employmentfortheDistrict
predictionofdemandfor
residualwastedisposal;
howeverfacilitywouldbe
providedlocallyratherthan
Environmental:theoverallenvironmentalimpactwoulddependon
relyingonexternal
thetypeandscaleoffacilitychosen,andwhetherthefacilityisused
parties/regions
bycustomersoutsidetheDistrictwithassociatedtransportimpacts
Council couldleadindevelopmentof
facility,orcouldworkinpartnership
withprivateandcommunitysectors
(e.g.localiwi),and/orwithotherlocal
CouncilsandregionalCouncilfora
regionalsolution.ZeroWasteapproach
wouldsupporthighlevelofcommunity
involvementandpartnershipworking.
Social/Cultural:Reductioninpotentialforthreattohumanhealth
fromhazardousmaterialsbyprovisionofeffectivemanagementof
hazardouswastestreams
Provisionofhazardous
collectionfacilitiesat
WhakataneRTSwillcontinueto
provideforsafedisposalof
hazardouswaste
Council to continuetoprovideforsafe
disposal/processingofhazardouswaste
Quantitiesofconstructionand
demolitionwastechangeasthe
economyfluctuates.
Council couldworkwithcompanies
generatingconstructionanddemolition
wastetoencouragesortingatsource.
Residualdisposalforthe
DistrictCouncil
developsafacilityfor
disposal,whetherlandfill
Economic:ifthefacilityisconstructedtoacapacityexceedingthat
orenergyfromwaste
oftheDistrict(whichisverylikely)thenuseofthefacilitycouldbe
facility
offeredonacommercialgatefeebasistootherpartsoftheregion,
andnearbyregions.Dependingonthescaleandtypeoffacility
chosen,thiscouldhaveabeneficialeconomicimpactforthe
District.
Otherwastestreams
hazardouswaste
disposalarrangements
CouncilsRole
Environmental:Reductionforpotentialforenvironmentaldamage
byprovisionofeffectivemanagementofhazardouswastestreams
Economic:Costtodisposeofhazardouswastewillvarydepending
onwhatoptionischosen
Social/Cultural:noimpactsidentified
Otherwastestreams
provideongoing
alternativeoptionfor
someC&Dwastese.g.
cleanfilldisposal
Environment:lesswastewouldbetransportedtolandfilldisposal.
AslongasCleanfillGuidelinesareappliedandmaterialsrestricted,
littleenvironmentalimpact.
Economic:transportanddisposalcostswouldbereduced
Continuetoseekanddevelopreuse
optionsforconstructionanddemolition
waste.Thiscouldbedonewith
communitybasedorganisationsthat
recycleC&Dwaste.
30
6.7
MeasuringandMonitoring
Option
Statusquooccasional
audits,participation
surveys,andmonitoring
ofwasteflowsthrough
contracts
Increasemonitoringto
providemore
informationincertain
areas,suchas
commercialwaste
composition,andwaste
managementinrural
areas,needforseasonal
services.Thisshould
assistwithgaininga
clearerunderstandingof
howthosenotusing
wastecollectionservices
aremanagingtheir
wastedisposal.
StrategicAssessment
OnFutureDemand
CouncilsRole
Nonewimpacts
predictionofdemand
Maintainexistingservicearrangements.
Social/Cultural:couldraiseawarenessofwastemanagementinthe
ruralsector(forexample)withreducedillegalwastepractices
Analysisofavailabledatahas
shownthattherearegapsin
knowledgeandunderstanding
ofthewastestreamsinthe
District.
Council toinitiateandoverseeresearch,
studiesandauditsandfeedresultsinto
futureiterationsofWMMPandaction
plans.
Environment:ifdatahighlightsareaswhereadditionalservices
couldbeprovided,localisedissuesaddressed(suchasimpactsof
offalpits,silagewrap,burningetc.),orcertaincustomergroups
targeted,thendiversionofwastefromlandfillcouldbeincreased.
Potentialforreducedairandwaterimpactsifburningandfly
tippingpracticesarereduced.
Economic:iftheaboveisachieved,transportanddisposalcosts
wouldbereduced.Theremaybeadditionalcostsfornew
programmesputinplace.
Availabilityofmoredata,and
tailoringofservicesaccordingly,
couldincreasedemandfor
recyclingservicesandreduce
wastetolandfill.
Availabilityofmoredata,
assessmentof,forexample,
complaints,datafromprivate
wasteoperators,unlawful
disposalincidentsandnuisance
informationandtailoringof
servicesaccordingly,could
increasedemandforrecycling
servicesandreducewasteto
landfill.
31
7.0
COUNCILSPREFERREDOPTIONS
ThemethodsofwasteminimisationandmanagementthattheCouncilintendstoprovideor
facilitatewithinthedistrictinclude:
From the Statements of Options outlined in the previous section, the Councils preferred
optionsareasfollows:
Increaseeducationandinformationprovisionrelatingtoeffectivewastemanagement
andminimisation,by:
o
ContinuingsupportforPareKore
ContinuingsupportforPaperforTrees
ContinuesupportforConsciousConsumers
ContinuesupportforCReW
ContinuesupportforKeepWhakataneBeautiful
Expandsupportforschooleducationinitiatives
Expandgeneralwasteeducationandmarketingactivities,inparticularto
ruralandagriculturalcustomers
Inallcases,workinpartnershipwithotherCouncilswherepossibleto
increaseefficiencyandreducecosts
CarryouttherequiredServiceReviewinpreparationforprocurementofnew
contracts
Usetheforthcomingprocurementprocesstoassessthealternativemanagement
optionsavailableinthemarketforrecycling,organicwaste,andresidualwaste
collections,treatment,andprocessing,includingtransferstationoperations
ReviewtheexistingSolidWasteBylawtoenableclosermonitoringofwastesinthe
District
Continuedevelopmentofthegreenwasteprocessingsite
Continuetosupportregionalandcrossregionalpartnershipsandliaisongroups
These proposals will continue to provide and improve the Councils effective and efficient
waste management and minimisation and meet the goals of the NZ Waste Strategy by
reducingtheharmfuleffectsofwasteandimprovingtheefficiencyofresourceuse.
The proposals will also allow the Council to meet its intended solid waste community
outcomesof:
ReliableandAffordableInfrastructure
QualityServices
ValuingourEnvironment
MoredetailonthesepreferredoptionsandasupportingActionPlanwillbeincludedinthe
CouncilsdraftnewWMMP.
32
8.0
PROTECTIONOFPUBLICHEALTH
Bydeterminingtheoverallapproachtowasteminimisationandmanagementandassessing
and choosing which methods of service and infrastructure delivery are appropriate for the
district, the Council has considered economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects of
thecommunityswellbeing,includingpublichealthconcerns.
AsrequiredunderSection51oftheWMA,theCouncilhasconsultedwiththeMedicalOfficer
ofHealth(MOH)overthisWasteAssessmentandtheirfeedbackisattachedasAppendixA.
ThefollowingtableoutlinestheissuesraisedbytheMOHandtheCouncilsresponse.
8.1
IssuesraisedbyMOHinresponsetotheDraftWasteAssessmentandCouncils
response
IssueraisedbyMOH
CouncilsResponse
The gap in information over wastes handled Priorto2014thetwomainprivatewasteoperatorsin

byprivateoperatorshasnotdecreasedsince the district used the councils transfer stations and
theirwastevolumesandtypeswereaccountedforin
2010.
councilswastedata.Theissuehasonlybecomemore
of a problem since early 2014 after these operators
stoppedusingthecouncilstransferstation.
Need to obtain more information regarding ThishasbeenidentifiedintheWasteAssessmentas
the types and volumes of waste going to anissueandisaddressedintheStatementofOptions
landfillbyprivateoperators.
section.TheactioninthepreviousWMMPtoreview
theBylawwasnotcompletedduetolackoffunding
and resources. Recent changes in the way private
operatorsmanagetheirwastehasmadethisahigher
priorityissue.
Explore a rating system which spreads more Thecounciliscurrentlyreviewingtheratessystemin
of the waste management cost over all relationtosolidwasteservices.
ratepayers.
Councilneedstoconsiderdisposaloptionsfor ThishasbeenidentifiedintheWasteAssessmentas
after2020whenthecurrentlandfillcontract anissueandisaddressedintheStatementofOptions
section.
expires.
Council needs to identify how and where Council does not believe that incorrect disposal of
cleanfillisdisposedofwithinthedistrict.
cleanfill material is currently an issue in the District.
Council does however intend to continue working
withtheRegionalCounciltoimprovemanagementof
consentedcleanfillfacilitiesandthisisincludedinthe
StatementofOptions.
33
IssueraisedbyMOH
CouncilsResponse
Confirmationofspecialwastetypesaccepted Tirohia Landfill accepts special waste including

at Tirohia Landfill and whether these are asbestos, contaminated soils and biosolids. None of
acceptedatcounciltransferstations.
these materials are accepted at council transfer
stationsastheydonothavethefacilitiestodealwith
them or the required consents. These waste types
requireprofessionalstorageandhandlingandcouncil
believes that operators who undertake these
practices are more suitable to also handle their
disposal and this should be viewed as part of their
operationsandresponsibility.
Extend the range of hazardous materials Council will continue to provide a limited hazardous
acceptedatthetransferstations.
substance disposal service at the transfer stations.
Councilacceptshouseholdamounts,andtherearea
range of services available to nonhousehold
customers.Itshouldbenotedthattherecentreview
of waste management on agricultural properties
showed that many of them do not use the services
that are available to them, including available
collections of hazardous wastes through Agrecovery
whichissupportedbytheCouncil.
The available data does not suggest that there is a
significant issue with hazardous waste management
in the District, with the possible exception of
agricultural and rural properties. This has been
addressed in the Statement of Options section.
Council will continue to provide information in
relation to private hazardous waste services that
operate in the district and believes that businesses
who produce larger volumes of such wastes should
takeresponsibilityfortheirdisposal.
Council should consider providing free Councildoesnotconsiderthatfreedisposalofrubbish
disposalofblackbagsatthetransferstations. constitutes responsible waste management and
minimisation, as is required of Council by
Government. Furthermore, a significant amount of
revenue is created from this source and to remove
this would have a direct impact on rates for the
district.TheCouncilconsidersthatthechargeisfairas
itappliestothosethatarenotpayingforakerbside
service or have extra waste on top of normal
household volumes covered by the kerbside
collectionsandtargetedrates.
34
IssueraisedbyMOH
CouncilsResponse
Explore the possibility of extending recycling Reviewingtherecyclingcollectionhasbeenidentified

servicestocoverplasticgrades3,4,5,6and7. intheWasteAssessmentasanissueandisaddressed
in the Statement of Options section. However, it
shouldbenotedthatundercurrentmarketconditions
andresourcesforprocessingtheseplasticsitisnota
viable option and other councils are currently
stockpiling these plastics, this is something council
wishestoavoid.
Identify the percentage of the districts
properties that are serviced by kerbside
collectionsandtheextenttowhichcollection
routes serve rateable and nonrateable
occupiedbuildings.
Theimminentrenewalofthecollectionscontracthas
beenidentifiedintheWasteAssessmentasanissue
andisaddressedintheStatementofOptionssection,
includingareviewofthecollectionroutes.
Consider collecting bulky items which may EvidenceacrossNewZealanddemonstratesthatfree

alleviateimproperdisposal.
collectionofbulkyitemsdoesnothaveanimpacton
illegaldumping.
Mostofthewastethatisdisposedofincorrectly(fly
tipping)isgeneralhouseholdwaste.Theareassubject
tomostfrequentflytippingalsoprovidefreedisposal
attransferstations.Councilconsiderslargeritemsas
occasional, extra waste on top of normal household
refuseandthathouseholdsshouldberesponsiblefor
their disposal. Council provides services for their
disposalattransferstationsandchargesafeetocover
costs.
Continue to explore organic composting ThishasbeenidentifiedintheWasteAssessmentas
opportunitiesincludingfoodwaste.
anissueandisaddressedintheStatementofOptions
section.
Provide information on the rural waste Thisactionwasnotcompleted.
assessmentoutlinedinthe2010WMMP.
FurtherInvestigateruralwasteservices.
ThishasbeenidentifiedintheWasteAssessmentas
anissueandisaddressedintheStatementofOptions
section.
It should be noted that the assessment by Waikato
and Bay of Plenty Regional Councils has identified
issues in relation to rural waste on a regional basis.
However, this information is limited as research was
undertaken on agricultural type properties and not
ruralresidentialproperties.
It is considered that the issues covered above and proposals in this document would
adequatelyprotectpublichealthandmeettheCouncilsrequirementsundertheHealthAct
35
1956 by ensuring that options are available to residents for solid waste collection and safe
disposal.
36
AppendixA
37
38
39
40

Waste Management and Minimisation Plan - Appendix 1 - Waste Assessment

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Waste Management and Minimisation Plan - Appendix 1 - Waste Assessment

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Appendix1

15-000 NAME OF CONTRACT

Rotorua District Municipal

Harvey Family Trust

Accepts residual waste,

Council owned waste

Communityrunwaste Accepts most waste (not

Communityrunwaste Accepts most waste (not

District Waste transfer and Accepts all waste and a

District Waste transfer and Accepts all waste and a

The gap in information over wastes handled Priorto2014thetwomainprivatewasteoperatorsin

Confirmationofspecialwastetypesaccepted Tirohia Landfill accepts special waste including

Explore the possibility of extending recycling Reviewingtherecyclingcollectionhasbeenidentified

Consider collecting bulky items which may EvidenceacrossNewZealanddemonstratesthatfree

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