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Board of Intermediate Education

Junior Inter - Physics
Model Paper (English Version)
TIME : 3 Hours

MAX. MARKS : 60

SECTION - A
Note: 1) Answer All the questions.
2) Each question carries TWO marks.
1. Which of the following has symmetry?

10 2 = 20

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a) Acceleration due to gravity.
b) Law of gravitation.

2.
3.
4.

Express unified atomic mass unit in kg?

Give an example where the velocity of an object is zero, but its acceleration is
not zero?
Which physical quantity remains constant

(i) in an elastic collision (ii) in an inelastic collision?

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Is it necessary that a mass should be present at the centre of mass of any system?

The displacement in S.H.M. is given by y = a sin (20 t + 4). What is the

displacement when it is increased by 2/?
What are water proofing agents and water wetting agents? What do they do?
State the examples of nearly perfect elastic and plastic bodies.

Find the increase in temperature of Aluminium rod if its length is to be increased

by 1%.
( for Aluminium = 25 106 /C)

10. What is the expression between pressure and KE of gas molecule?

SECTION - B
Note: 1) Answer any SIX questions.
2) Each question carries FOUR Marks.

6 4 = 24

u2 sin2
11. Show that the maximum height and range of projectile are and
2g
u2sin2
respectively, where terms have their regular meaning.
g

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12. Mention the methods to minimise the friction?
13. Show that in case of one dimensional elastic collision, the relative velocity of
approach of two colliding bodies before collision is equal to relative velocity of
separation after collision.
14. Find the centre of mass of three particles at the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
The masses of particles are 100 gm, 150 gm, 200 gm respectively. Each side of
equilateral triangle is 0.5 m long.
15. Obtain on equation for the frequency of oscillation of a spring of force constant
'k' to which mass 'm' is attached.
16. How does acceleration due to gravity change for the same values of height (h)
and depth (d).
17. What is Toricellis Law? Explain how the speed of efflux is determined with an
experiment.
18. (a) State Newton's law of cooling.

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(b) A body cools down from 60 C to 50 C in 5 minutes and to 40 C in

another 8 minutes. Find the temperature of surroundings.

SECTION - C

Note: 1) Answer any TWO questions.

2 8 = 16
2) Each question carries EIGHT marks.
19. Develop the notations of Work and Kinetic energy and show that it leads to
Work - Energy theorem.
20. Describe simple harmonic motion. Show that the motion of projection of a
particle performing uniform circular motion on any diameter is simple
harmonic.
21. Explain reversible and irreversible processes. Describe the working of Carnot's
engine. Obtain an expression for the efficiency.

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ANSWERS
SECTION - A
1.

Which of the following has symmetry?

a) Acceleration due to gravity
b) Law of gravitation.
A: Acceleration due to gravity varies from place to place. Hence Law of gravitation
has symmetry.
2. Express unified atomic mass unit in kg?
A: Unified atomic mass unit (a.m.u) = 1.67 1027 kg
1
By the definition 1 amu = mass of an atom of C12
12
1
12
=
12
6.023 1023
= 1.67 1024 gm.
3. Give an example, where the velocity of an object is zero; but its acceleration is
not zero.
A: A body thrown up vertically, at maximum height its velocity v = 0. But
acceleration due to gravity acts on it so, even though v = 0, g 0.
4.

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Which physical quantity remains constant
(i) in an elastic collision

(ii) in an inelastic collision?

A: (i) Both momentum and K.E. remains constant.

(ii) Momentum remains constant.

5. Is it necessary that mass should present at centre of mass of any system.
A: It is not necessary for mass to be there at the centre of mass.
e.g.: ring, horse shoe magnet.
6.

The displacement in S.H.M. is given by y = a sin (20t + 4). What is the

/
?
displacement when it is increased by 2

A: There is no change in displacement because 2/ is time period (T).

7.

What are water proofing agents, water wetting agents? What do they do?

A: Water proofing agents are the substances which are used to increase the angle of
contact.
e.g.: Wax.
Wetting agents are the substance used to decrease the angle of contact.
e.g.: Soaps, Detergents.

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8.

State the examples of nearly perfect elastic and plastic bodies.

A:

Nearly perfect elastic bodies are Quartz, Fibre.

Nearly perfect plastic bodies are Clay, Dough and Plaster of paris.

9.

Find the increase in temperature of Aluminium rod if its length is to be

increased by 1%.
Al = 25 106/ C.

l2 l1
1
A: = 1% =
l1
100
l2 l1
=
l1 t

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l2 l1
t =
l1()

1
1
=
100
25 106

= 400C

10. What is the expression between pressure and KE of gas molecule?

2
A: P = E
3

Where P Pressure exerted by ideal gas.

E Mean KE of translation per unit volume of gas.

SECTION - B

u2 sin2
11. Show that the maximum height and range of projectile are and
2g

u2sin2
respectively, where terms have their regular meaning.
g

A: Maximum height: The maximum vertical displacement of projectile during its

journey is called maximum height. At maximum height vertical velocity.
uy = u sin = 0,

a = g,

s = Hmax

v2 u2 = 2as
0 (u sin )2 = 2 (g) Hmax

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u2 sin2
Hmax =
2g

Range: The maximum horizontal distance travelled by a projectile during time of

flight is called range.
ux = u cos , ax = 0
2u sin
T=
g
1
s = ut + at2
2

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1
R = ux T + (0) t2
2
R = ux T

2u sin
R = u cos
g
u2 2sin cos
R =
g

u2 sin 2
R=
g

u cos

Hmax

Range

12. Mention the methods to minimise the friction.

A: Polishing: The roughness of surface is reduced by polishing (or) rubbing the
surface with sand paper.
Ball bearing: Since rolling friction is less than sliding friction. So vehicles like
bicycles, two wheelers, motor cars provided with ball bearings to reduce the friction.
Lubrication: Friction in machines is reduced by lubrication. A thin layer of an
oil (or) a fluid is used between surfaces in contact to reduce the friction. In heavy
and fast moving machine thick oil of high viscosity is used.
Streamlining: Automobiles and aeroplanes are specially designed with curved
surfaces, so that air layers may get streamlined during motion, friction will be
reduced.

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13. Show that incase of one dimensional elastic collision, the relative velocity of
approach of two colliding bodies before collision is equal to relative velocity
of separation after collision.
A: Let us consider two bodies of masses m1, m2 are moving with velocities u1, u2
along same line in same direction collided elastically; v1, v2 are final velocities.
m2
m1
m2
m1

u1

u2

>
v1

v2

By using Law of conservation of linear momentum

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
m1 (u1 v1) = m2 (v2 u2) ..........................(1)
from Law of conservation of KE
1
1
1
1
m1u12 + m2u22 = m1v12 + m2v22
2
2
2
2
1
1
m1(u12 v12) = m2(v22 u22) .........................(2)
2
2
(2) (1)
1
1
m1(u12 v12)
m2(v22 u22)
2
2
=
m1(u1 v1)
m2(v2 u2)

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0.5
m

(u1 + v1)(u1 v1)

(v2 + u2)(v2 u2)
=
(u1 v1)
(v2 u2)

u1 u2 = v2 v1
u1 + v1 = v2 + u2
Relative velocity of approach before collision = Relative velocity of separation
after collision.
14. Find centre of mass three particles at vertices of an equilateral triangle. The
masses of particles are 100 gm, 150 gm, 200 gm respectively. Each side of
equilateral triangle is 0.5 m long.
A:
200 gm
0.5 0.5
C , 3
2
2

0.5/2
A(0, 0)

100 gm

0.5/2
0.5 m

B (0.5, 0)
150 gm

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Co-ordinates of A are (0, 0)
Co-ordinates of B are (0.5, 0)

0.5 0.5 3
Co-ordinates of C are ,
2
2

m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3

Xcm =
m +m +m
1

m1y1 + m2y2 + m3y3

Ycm =
m1 + m2 + m3
m1 = 100 gm, m2 = 150 gm, m3 = 200 gm
(x1, y1) = (0, 0)
(x2, y2) = (0.5, 0)

0.5 0.5 3
(x3, y3) = ,
2
2
m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3
Xcm =
m1 + m2 + m3
0.5
100(0) + 150(0.5) + 200
2
=
100 + 150 + 200
75 + 50
125
5
= = =
350 + 100
450
18
m1y1 + m2y2 + m3y3
Ycm =
m1 + m2 + m3

0.5 3
100(0) + 150(0) + 200
2
=
350 + 100

3
50 3
= =
450
9

3
5
(Xcm, Ycm) = , m
18
9
15. Obtain an equation for frequency of oscillation of a spring of force constant
k to which mass 'm' is attached.
A: Consider a spring of force constant 'k' loaded with mass 'm'. When it is pulled
down and released, the body makes vertical oscillations which are simple
hormonic. Let 'y' be the displacement of the mass. Restoring force
F y
F = ky .................... (1)
Where 'k' is called force constant. '-ve' sign indicates that restoring force and
displacement are opposite in direction. But F = ma ........... (2)
from (1) & (2)

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ma = ky
k
a = y = 2y ...................(3)
m
...2 = k
m
y
y
In SHM time period, T = 2 = 2
a
2y
1
2
T = 2 2 =

T = 2

.... m
x
m .....

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1
But frequency of oscillation of spring (n) =
T
1
k
n=
2 m
16. How does acceleration due to gravity change for the same values of height
(h) and depth (d).
A: Variation of 'g' with height:
Consider a body of mass 'm' on the surface of earth. Let 'M' be the mass of earth,
'R' be its radius, if 'g' is acceleration due to gravity on surface of earth,
GM
g=
...........................(1)
R2
gh is acceleration due to gravity at height 'h' from the surface of earth, then
GM
gh = 2 .................. (2)
(R + h)
(2) (1)
GM
2
gh (R + h)
R2

= =
g
GM
(R + h)2

R2
2
R
gh = g
R+h

[
( )

)
] [

1
gh = g
h 2
1+
R

h 2
=g 1+ R

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2h
gh= g 1
R

...................(3)

gh < g
Variation of 'g' with depth:
When we go deep into the ground 'g' decreases. Assume that earth to be a
homogeneous uniform sphere of radius R and mass M, uniform density .
GM
Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth g =
R2
But M = density volume
4
= R3
m
3

h
4

G R3
3
g =
R2
R
4
M
= RG ..................(4)
3
gd is acceleration due to gravity at depth 'd'.
4
gd = G (R d) .....................(5)
3
(2) (1)
m d
4
G(R d)
3
Rd
gd
(Rd)
= =
g
4
R
GR
3

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>

>

d
gd = g 1 ............ (6)
R

from equations (3) and (6) for same values of 'h' and 'd', gd > gh
17. What is Toricellis Law? Explain how the speed of efflux is determined with
an experiment.

A: Statement: The speed of efflux from oriffice (small hole) is numerically equal to
the speed of a freely falling body falls through a height 'h' in free

space.

v = 2gh
Proof: Consider a tank containing liquid of density '' with a small hole at a
depth of 'h' from the surface. Let 'v' be the velocity of efflux. Area of hole

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is very much smaller than area of tank. So velocity fluid at hole much
greater than velocity at surface.
At point A

P1 = P,

v1 = 0,

h1 = h1

At point B

P2 = P,

v2 = v,

h2 = H

Both A & B are exposed to atmosphere thus P1 = P2 = P

P
1
P2
1
+ v22 + gh2
By using Bernoulli's theorem 1 + v12 + gh1 =

2
P 1
P
1
+ (0) + gh2 = + v2 + gh1
2

2
A
1
A2
v2 = g(h2 h1)

= g (H h1)
H h1 = h
H
1 2

v = gh

2
A1

B
V
v2 = 2gh

h1

v = 2gh

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The speed of efflux is same as that speed acquired by a freely falling body
through a height h.
18. (a) State Newton's law of cooling.
(b) A body cools down from 60 C to 50 C in 5 minutes and to 40 C in
another 8 minutes. Find the temperature of surroundings.

A: The rate of loss of heat by hot body is directly proportional to difference in

temperature between body and its surroundings.
1 + 2

dQ

= K - 0
dt

1 = Initial temperature, 2 = Final temperature

0 = Surroundings temperature, K = Cooling constant.

(b) Given 1 = 60 C
2 = 50C
dt = 5 60 sec
dQ

dt

dt

= = K( - 0)

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d = 1 - 2 = 60 - 50 = 10C
1 + 2 60 + 50
= = = 55 C
2
2
10

= K[55 - 0) ....................... (1)

5 60
Now the body cools from 50 C to 40 C in 8 minutes.
1 - 2 = 50 - 40 = 10 C
1 + 2
50 + 40
= = 45C
2
2
10

8 60

= K[45 - 0] ........................ (2)

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K[45 - 0]
=
K[55 - 0]
10

5 60
=
10

8 60

8
=
5

30 - 85 0 = 28.34C

SECTION C

19. Develop notations of work and KE and show that it leads to Work-Energy
theorem.
A: Work: Work is said to be done when a force applied on the body displaces the
body through a distance in the direction of applied force
(or)
Workdone by a force is the product of component of force in the direction of
displacement and magnitude of displacement.
W = (F cos ) S

W = F .S
If = 0
W = FS
Units: N-m (or) Joule
D-cm (or) erg.
It is a scalar, D.F. = [ML2T2]
Kinetic Energy (KE): The energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion is
called Kinetic Energy.

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1 mv2
KE =
2

m = mass of the body

v = velocity
D.F. = [ML2T2]
-u

It is a scalar.
Units: N - m (or) Joule

v-

m
s

D - cm (or) erg
Work-Energy theorem:

Work done by the resultant force on a body is equal to change in its Kinetic

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Energy.

1 mv2 -
1 mu2
W=
2

Proof: Consider a body of mass 'm' moving with an initial velocity u. Under action of
constant force F, it gains uniform acceleration 'a' and final velocity v, after
displacement of 's'.

W = Fs = mas

(v2 u2)
= m s
2s

W=m

...

v2 u2 = 2as

v2 u2
a =
2s

v2 u 2

1
1
2
W = mv mu2
2
2

W = KEf KEi
KEf, KEi are initial and final Kinetic energies. Hence theorem is proved.

This theorem can be applicable for a single particle as well as for a system.

It can also be applicable to a system under action of variable forces, conservative

and non-conservative forces.

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20. Describe simple harmonic motion. Show that the motion of projection of a
particle performing uniform circular motion on any diameter is simple
harmonic.
A: A body is said to be in simple harmonic motion if it moves to and fro along a
straight line, about its mean position and its acceleration is directly proportional
to its displacement in magnitude and opposite in direction, always directed
towards its mean position.
a - y a = -ky
k is constant of proportionality.
Consider a particle is moving with constant angular velocity '' along the
circumference of a circle of radius 'A' in anticlockwise direction. This circle is called
"reference circle" and particle is called "reference particle".

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XOX', YOY' are two mutually perpendicular diameters of the circle with
centre "O". Let "P" be the position of particle at an instant of time "t" and N is the foot
of perpendicular dropped on to YOY'. As "P" moves along the circumference of the
circle, foot of perpendicular makes simple harmonic motion on diameter along X-axis
(or) Y-axis. At t = 0, particle is at point X and reached point P after time "t". The foot
of perpendicular moves from O to N and its displacement is 'y' at that instant.
Angular displacement of particle is XOP =

ON
sin = ON = OP sin
OP
y = A sin t
[... = t]

If = t + , then y = A sin (t + )

where is phase angle.

Centripetal acceleration of P is aP = A2 along 'PO'

resolve aP into components. They are

aN = aP sin = A2 sin t
= 2 (A sin t)
aN = -2 y aN - y

-ve sign indicates that aN and y are in opposite direction.

Thus projecton of particle in uniform circular motion on to a diameter is simple
harmonic.

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21. Explain reversible and irreversible processes. Describe the working of

Carnot's engine. Obtain an expression for the efficiency.
A: Reversible Process: A process that can be retraced back in the opposite
direction, so that it passes through the same states as in direct process (or)
forward process. Finally the system must be in thermal equilibrium with
surroundings, return to the original state is called reversible process.
Conditions: A reversible process must obey the following conditions. (i) The process
should be quasi-static. (ii) There is no loss of energy in any form. (iii) No amount
of heat to be converted into electric and magnetic forms.
Example: Peltier effect and Seebeck effect.
Fusion of ice and vapourisation of water.
Irreversible Process: A thermodynamical process that cannot be taken back in
opposite direction is called an irreversible process.
e.g.: Work done against friction.
Magnetization of materials.
Diffusion of gases.
Carnot's Engine:

Working: A heat engine is device which convert heat into work.

Carnot's heat engine consists four parts, they are:
1) Working substance - An ideal gas taken in cylinder with non conducting walls
and conducting base.

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2) Source of heat
3) Sink
4) Insulating stand

- A hot body of high thermal capacity at temperature T1 K.

- A cold body at low temperature T2 K (surrounding temperature).
- To make whole system perfectly a non-conducting,
cylinder is placed on this stand.
The working substance undergo a cyclic operation which has four steps.
Step-I: When cylinder is placed on source (T1), heat absorbed by the gas (Q1), from
source at temperature (T1), the states of gas changes from (P1V1T1) to (P2V2T1)
under isothermal process (expansion).
V2
Workdone by the gas W1 = Q1 = nRT1 loge ..................(1)
V1
= Area of ABB'A'A
Step-II: Cylinder is shifted from source to non - conducting base, states of gas
changes from (P2 V2 T1) to (P3 V3 T2). Workdone by the gas due to adiabatic
expansion.
nR
Workdone W2 = (T1 T2) .....................(2)
1
= Area of BCC'B'B
Step-III: Cylinder is placed on sink maintained at T2 K. 'Q2' be the heat released by
the gas to the sink at temperature T2 K due to Isothermal compression.
V3
W3 = Q2 = -nRT2 log
.....................(3)
V4
= Area of CC'DD'C
-ve sign represents compression & work is done on the system.

( )

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Step -IV: Cylinder is placed on non-conducting base. Due to adiabatic compression

workdone on the gas is W4

nR (T1 T2)
W4 = ..............................(4)
1
= Area of DD'A'AD

Total workdone by the gas in complete cycle is

W = W1 + W2 + W3 + W4
V2
nR (T1 T2)
V3
nR (T1 T2)
= nRT1 log + nRT2 log
V1
-1
V4
1
V2
V3
W = nRT1 log nRT2 log ...............(5)
V1
V4

( )
( )

( )

( )

W = Q1 Q2 = Area of ABCD

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W Q1 Q2
Efficiency = =
Q1
Q1
Q2
=1
Q1

( )
( )

V3
nRT2 log
V4
. . V3 V2
= 1 .
V4 =
V1
V2
nRT1 log
V1
T2
=1
T1

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R. SUDHA RANI

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