Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this report is to present a one acre bankable model for high quality
commercial cultivation of the crop.
3.
BACKGROUND
3.1
Aonla is mostly cultivated in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh etc. (Vide Table-1)
Table 1 : State-wise Area, Production & Productivity of
Aonla during 1999-2000
State
Area
Production
(000 Ha.)
(000 MT)
Uttar Pradesh
15.75
63.00
Gujarat
10.05
12.00
Rajasthan
5.00
6.00
Maharashtra
4.00
5.60
Haryana
0.60
3.10
Mizoram
0.07
0.20
Tamil Nadu
5.50
8.25
Andhra Pradesh
3.00
4.50
Karnataka
1.80
2.70
Bihar
1.35
2.00
Others
2.50
3.75
TOTAL
49.62
111.10
Source : Market Study of aonla (UPLDC-Nov.,2002).
3.2
Productivity
(MT/Ha.)
4.0
1.5
1.2
1.4
5.2
2.9
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
-
Economic Importance
The fruit is a good source of vitamin C. The fruit is having medicinal value. It has acrid,
cooling, diuretic and laxative properties. Dried fruits are useful in haemorrhages, diarrhea,
dysentery, anaemia, jaundice, dyspepsia and cough. Aonla is used in the indigenous
medicines (Aurvedic system) viz. trifla and chavanprash. Fruits are commonly used for
preserve (murabbas), pickles, candy, jelly and jam. Besides fruits, leaves, bark and even
seeds are being used for various purposes.
4.
4.1
The following measures need to be considered in order to boost production and marketing of
aonla.
5.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
5.1
Agro-climatic requirements
Aonla being a sub-tropical crop prefers dry sub-tropical climate. Heavy frost during the winter
season is not suitable for its cultivation.
Slightly acidic to saline/sodic soil having pH between 6.5 to 9.5 is suitable for cultivation.
5.2
Growing belts
Bewal, Gurgaon
Palampur, Bilaspur, Hamirpur
Bilgiri Rangan hills in Mysore
Dewas, Hoshangabad, Shivani, Tikamgarh, Betul, Chindwara,
Shivapurkala, Panna, Rewa, Satna
Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Sivagangai, Coimbatore, Salem,
Dindugal
Pratagarh, Rai Bareli, Varanasi, Jaunpur, Sultanpur, Kanpur,
Fatehpur, Agra, Mathura
Varieties Cultivated
Varieties viz. Kanchan (NA 4), Krishna (NA 5), NA 6, NA 7 and NA 10 are commercially
cultivated.
5.4
Land Preparation
Planting
5.5.1
Planting Material
Planting season
Spacing
Grafted or budded plants are planted 4-5 meter apart under square system of layout during
July-August or February.
5.5.4
Planting Method
Pits of 1-1.25 m. size are dug two months prior to planting. In each pit 3-4 baskets of well
rotten farmyard manure and 1 kg. neem cake or 500 g. bone-meal are mixed with soil and
filled in the pits. In sodic soil, 5-8 kg. gypsum along with 20 kg. sand is filled in the pit
Irrigation is provided immediately after this. Ber,guava and lemon are usually planted in the
centre of each square of aonla plants. Hedge-row planting is also being tried keeping line-toline distance of 8 m., while plant to plant distance is reduced to 4-5 m.
5.6
Nutrition
A dose of 10 kg. farmyard manure, 100 g. N, 50 g. P and 100 g. K should be given to one
year old plants. This dose is increased on yearly basis upto tenth year and thereafter a
constant dose is given. Full dose of farmyard manure and P and half of N and K is given in
tree basin during January-February. The remaining half should be applied in August. In
sodic soils, 100-500 g. of B and zinc sulphate should also be incorporated along with
fertilizers as per age of the tree.
5.7
Irrigation
Drip Irrigation
Plant height, canopy spread and stock girth have been found significantly better under
alternate day drip irrigation over the conventional method. With the use of drip irrigation
yield of 30 kg/tree is achieved in third year itself in gravelly soil against 20 kg./ tree in 4-5
years in rainfed aonla orchards.
5.8
The plants are trained to modified central leader system. Two to four branches with wide
crotch angle, appearing in the opposite directions should be encouraged in early years. The
unwanted branches are pinched off during March-April. In the subsequent years, 4-6
branches should be allowed to develop. Regular pruning of a bearing aonla tree is not
required. As per growth habit, shedding of all determinate shoots encourages new growth in
coming season. However, dead, infested, broken, weak or overlapping branches should be
removed regularly.
5.9
Mulching
Paddy straw, sugarcane trash and farmyard manure are used for mulching.
5.10
Inter-cropping
Vegetables, flowers and a few medicinal /aromatic plants are well suited for intercropping in
aonla orchards. The average cost of inter cropping would be Rs.10,000/- per acre.
5.11
Fully developed brown coloured fruits are harvested. Delay in harvesting results in heavy
dropping of fruits in case of some varieties. Harvesting is usually done during the early or in
the late hours of the day.
A budded/grafted tree starts bearing third year onwards after planting, whereas a seedling
tree may take 6-8 years. Vegetatively propagated plants attain full bearing within 10-12 years
and may continue to bear for 60-75 years of age under well managed conditions.
An aonla tree may bear 1-3 q./tree , giving 15-20 tonnes/ha.
6.
6.1
Grading
The fruits are harvested manually and sorted according to their size. Fruits are graded into
three types on the basis of their size. The large sized fruits are mostly used for preserve and
candy; small sized for preparing chavanprash and trifla and the blemished fruits for powder
and shampoo making.
6.2
Storage
Fruits can be stored for a period of 6-9 days under ordinary conditions.
6.3
Packing
Bamboo baskets are mostly used for carrying the produce from farm to local market.
6.4
Transportation
Road transport by trucks/lorries is the most convenient mode of transport due to easy
approach from orchards to the market.
6.5
Marketing
Most of the growers sell their produce either through trade agents at village level or
commission agents at the market.
7.
TECHNOLOGY SOURCES
ii)
iii)
iv)
8.
8.1
A one acre plantation of the crop is a highly viable proposition. The cost
components of such a model along with the basis for costing and means of financing
are exhibited in Annexures I. A summary is given in the figure below. The project
cost works out to around Rs.1.25 lakhs.
Figure-I : COST OF PROJECT
Project Cost:
Sl.
No.
1.
Component
Cultivation Expenses
(Amount in Rs.)
Proposed
Expenditure
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3,200
8,800
ANNEXURE
(Rs In
Thousand
PARTICULARS
AMOUNT
TOTAL
24.0
LAND & SITE DEVELOPMENT
24.00
7.60
75.00
COST OF PLANTATION
18.40
125.00
62.50
25.00
7.6
BUILDING
75.0
18.4
125.0
TOTAL
MEANS OF FINANCE
62.5
FARMER'S SHARE
50%
25.0
SUBSIDY
NHB
- CAPITAL INVESTMENT
20%
25.00
37.5
TERM LOAN
37.50
37.50
37.5
-FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
30%
125.0
TOTAL
125.00
ESTIMATED PROJECT
COST
TOT
AL
TOTAL
S.N
O. PARTICULARS
I.
Scale
Bas UNIT
is COST QTY
Q
Q
T
T
COS
Y COST Y COST T
COST
LAND*
ACRE
Land Development
Per
Acre
LS
BUILDING
Labour Shed cum Pump
House
0.00
0.00
Cost of Development
0 .00
4000
1.0
4.00
20000
20.00
4.00
20.0
0
SUB
TOTAL
24.00
24.
0.0 00
0.0
LS
PLANT &
MACHINERY
7600
SUB
TOTAL
7.60
7.60
7.60
7.6
0
25.00
25.00
25.0
0
25.0
Irrigation system
Borewell
SIP sets & Electrical
Nos.
LS
25000
25000
Installation
Drip Irrigation inc.
Fertigation syste
LS
Farm Equipment Machinery LS
20000
5000
SUB
TOTAL
1
1
0
20.0
0
5.00
0.00
20.00
5.00
75.00
0.00
0.00
75.0
0
COST OF
PLANTATION
Refer
Annex
Planting Material
3.20
Input Cost
8.80
Land Preparation
2.80
3.60
3.20
0
8.80
0
2.80
0
3.60
0
18.40
18.4
0
TOTAL
125.00
125
.00
Annexure 1
ESTIMATED PROJECT COST
Unit One Acre
Sr.
No.
1
(Rs. in thousand)
Particulars
Scale
Unit Cost
Total
Qty
Cost
Per Acre
LS
4000
20000
1
1
Sub Total
4.00
20.00
24.00
BUILDING
Labour Shed cum Pump house
LS
7600
100
Sub Total
7.60
7.60
Nos.
LS
LS
LS
25000
25000
20000
5000
1
1
1
1
Sub Total
25.00
25.00
20.00
5.00
75.00
Sub Total
TOTAL
3.20
8.80
2.80
3.60
18.40
125.00
Acre
COST OF CULTIVATION
Planting Material
Input Cost
Land Preparation
Other Cost Inc. Power Cost
Annexure 2
COST OF PRODUCTION & PROFITABILITY
Particulars
(Rs. in thousand)
Year-III
Year-IV
54.00
70.00
Income
28.00
Year-II
40.00
Sales
28.00
40.00
54.00
70.00
Cost
21.90
23.70
25.80
27.60
Fixed
21.90
23.70
25.80
27.60
Manure/fertilizers/chemicals
8.00
8.00
9.00
9.00
2.80
2.80
2.80
2.80
Other cost
3.60
3.60
3.60
3.60
7.20
9.00
10.10
11.90
00.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Gross profit
6.20
16.40
28.30
42.50
Depreciation
5.80
5.80
5.80
5.80
4.50
4.50
4.30
3.50
(4.1)
18.20
-
33.20
6.10
-
(4.1)
6.10
18.20
33.20
Retained Profit
(4.1)
6.10
18.20
33.20
1.70
11.90
24.00
39.00
General expenses
Year-I