THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION BETWEEN THE DISCRIMINATED

GENDERS AS PERCEIVED BY SELECTED COLLEGE STUDENTS IN

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
DURING S.Y. 2015-216

An Undergraduate Research Paper Presented To

Prof. Jerahmeel Christine E. Torrefranca

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For ENGL 1023

By
Diones, Alice Zandra
Fernando, Ferdinand
Sida, Emmanuel

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NUMBER

Chapter 1: Problems and Its Background

Introduction..

Statement of the Problem.....

Scope and Limitations...

Definition of Terms.....

Research Methodology....

Research Design.....
5
Respondents....
5
Research Instrument...
6
Data Gathering Procedure...
6
Statistical Treatment.

Chapter 2: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Analysis of Data...

Chapter 3: Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary of Findings...

` 11

Conclusions......

13

Recommendations....

14

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Gender discrimination among LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) is truly an
utmost matter now in our generation. Basically, the problem does not lie with the LGBT
individuals, but with the attitudes, behavior and how they are being treated by the society around
them.
Discrimination comes in many forms, from apparently mild jokes, to verbal insults,
unequal treatment, and in the most enormous case, physical violence. Violence can include
behaviors such as bullying, teasing, harassment, physical assault, and suicide-related behaviors,
and all of these, as we all know, could lead to various psychological health problems.
Studies have shown that LGBT people often struggle with depression, anxiety, trauma,
self-acceptance as a result of facing ongoing discrimination over their lifetimes. For some of
these people, this has been the reality of their childhood and development into adulthood. These
people also unquestionably experience long term stress related to their sexual orientation (about
who we are attracted to romantically or sexually) or gender identity (about how we view and
express ourselves such as male, female, or somewhere in between).
Living with these various challenges to their emotional well-being can foster anxiety over
rejection and abandonment. Many people are guilty of discrimination against LGBT youths,
whether consciously or unconsciously. But, even though these are obviously given or tackled on
social media, there are still people who still continue to discriminate the LGBTs.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to evaluate the effects of discrimination among discriminated genders
mentally from the selected college students from Polytechnic University of the Philippines
during S.Y. 2015-2016. Specifically, this study tried to find possible answers to the following
statements:
1. To determine the causes of gender discrimination in a certain community.
2. To determine the psychological effects of gender discrimination to the one who is
discriminating
3. To determine the factors that contributes to the widespread of gender discrimination in a
community.

Scope and Limitations

The study is only limited in finding out the most possible causes of gender discrimination
in a certain community, as well as to determine the psychological effects of the said problem to
the discriminated one. Furthermore, this paper also looked only to ascertain the factors that
contribute to the widespread of gender discrimination in the public. Only 30 selected college
students from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, school year 2015-2016 were
involved.

There was no intention to involve the laws about the said topic and our research doesnt
have any intentions to further discriminate the members of the LGBT community.

Definition of Terms
Abandonment to yield (oneself) completely, as to emotion. (The Free Dictionary)
Anxiety a feeling or worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about imminent event or
something with an uncertain outcome. (Merriam-Webster)
Bisexual sexually attracted to both men and women. (Merriam-Webster)
Discrimination the treatment of a person or particular group of peopledifferently, in a way that
is worse than the way people are usually treated. (Cambridge Dictionary)
Gay a homosexual male or female. (Urban Dictionary)
Gender the state of being male or female (Merriam Webster)
Gender Discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or an employee) unfavorably
because of that persons sex.
Gender Identity about how we view and express ourselves such as male, female, or in between.
Lesbian a homosexual woman or a woman who is exactly attracted to other women.
LGBT an abbreviation that means Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender. (Urban Dictionary)
Perceived interpret or look on (someone or something) in a particular way. (Merriam-Webster)

Rejection a refusal to accept, approve, or support something. (Macmillan Dictionary)

Self-acceptance is an invitation to stop trying to change yourself into the person you wish to
be, long enough to find out who you really are. (Oprah)
Sexual Orientation about who we are attracted to romantically or sexually.
Transgender denoting or relating a person whose self-identity does not conform
unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender. (Merriam-Webster)

Research Methodology
Research Design
Our survey used as a descriptive method was purposed to attain the goal of this study.
This method aims to describe a present issue, which in this study were the occurrence and
psychological effect of discrimination among the LGBT people.
Respondents
The target respondents composed of 80 selected college students of the Polytechnic
University of the Philippines during S.Y. 2015-2016. These target respondents were quite small
but it took us the advantage to easily get the most possible answer for our research.

Research Instrument
The questionnaire, wherein the researcher readied a list of questions and checklists of the
possible answers for the questions, was used. The questions were made simple, easy to
understand, and direct to the point, so that the respondents can answer the questions comfortably.
Data-Gathering Procedure
The data were drawn from 80 students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines
during S.Y. 2015-2016, that will be questioned by the researchers. The researchers separated
appointments within the 80 students as to the date, time and place of interview. Their responses
were recorded individually, and then later on were combined and we form our conclusion
statement.
Statistical Treatment
Individual responses were tallied before they were put in tables ready for statistical
treatment. Percentage is utilized to quantify the data gathered for sub problems 1, 2 and 3.
The formula for percentage is:
f
p= x 100
n

Where:
p = percentage
f = frequency
n = total population

CHAPTER 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA GATHERED
This chapter presents the data gathered regarding the discrimination of LGBT in the
community including the reasons, factors, and psychological effects, and proceeds to the analysis
and presentation of data.

Reasons

Male

n=21

Family

Female

n=59

Total

Rank

n=80

19%

10%

10

12.5%

Religion

12

57%

36

61%

48

60%

Homophobi

15

24%

17

29%

22

27.5%

background

c
Table 1
Reasons Why LGBTs Are Being Discriminated By The Community.

Among the 80 respondents, 48 or 60% chose that the religion is the reason of
discrimination. It consisted of 12 or 57% males and 36 or 61% female. Homophobics are the
reason according to the 22 or 27.5% of the respondends, consisted of 15 or 24% males and 17 or
29% females. Lastly, the 10 or 12.5% of the respondents picked the family background having 4
or 19% males and 6 or 10% females.
Table 2
Worst Psychological Effect of Discrimination

Psychological

Male

Female

Total

Rank

effects
Depression

n=21
7

33%

n=59
10

17%

n=80
17

21.25%

Suicide

11

52%

33

56%

44

55%

Fear

5%

12%

10%

drugs
Loneliness

2%

1.25%

and anxiety

10%

13%

10

12.5%

Likely to use

Out of 80 respondents, Suicide is the worst psychological effect according to 44 or 55%

of the respondents, which consisted of 11 or 52% males and 33 or 56% females. The next
21.25% picked Depression, and it is composed of 7 or 33% males and 10 or 17% female. The 8
or 10% of the population have chosen fear, containing 1 or 5% male and 7 or 18% female. Likely

to use drugs is the least preferred option of the respondents, about 1.25% of the total respondents
and containing only 1 or 2% female.
Table 3
Possible Factor That Contributes To The Widespread Of Gender Discrimination

Factors

Male

n=21
Social

Female

n=59

Total

Rank

n=80

43%

30

51%

39

48.75%

School

19%

10%

10

12.5%

Religion

38%

23

39%

31

38.75%

media

Among the 80 respondents, 39 or 48.75% picked social media, and it consisted of 9 or

43% males and 30 or 51% females. The 31 or 38.75% of the population chose religion, which
includes the 8 or 38% males and 23 or 39% females. The last 10 or 12.5% respondents picked
the school as the possible factor consisted of 4 or 19% males and 6 or 10% females.

Table 4

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Reason why people became LGBT

Factors

Male

Female

n=21

Total

n=59

Rank

n=80

Family genes

29%

14%

14

17.5%

Being the only

14%

8%

10%

12

57%

46

78%

58

72.5%

male in the
family

Influence of the
society

Out of 80 respondents, the 58 or 72.5% have chosen the influence of the society, which
composed of 12 or 57% males and 46 or 78% female. The next 17.5% believed that it is the
family genes, consisted of 6 or 29% males and 8 or 14% females. The remaining 8 or 10%
respondents picked the factor, being the only male in the family, consisted by 3 or 14% males
and 5 or 8% females.

CHAPTER 3
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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This study aims to evaluate the effects of discrimination among discriminated genders
mentally from the selected target respondents composed of 80 college students from Polytechnic
University of the Philippines during S.Y. 2015-2016.
Our survey used as a descriptive method was purposed to attain the goal of this study.
This method aims to describe a present issue, which in this study were the occurrence and
psychological effect of discrimination among the LGBT people.
The questionnaire, wherein the researcher readied a list of questions and checklists of the
possible answers for the questions, was used. The questions were made simple, easy to
understand, and direct to the point, so that the respondents can answer the questions comfortably.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Base on the analysis and interpretation of data gathered, the findings are:
Problem 1.What can be the reason why LGBTs are being discriminated by the community?
Among the eighty respondents, forty or sixty percent chose that the religion is the reason
of discrimination, which ranked first from the choices in our questionnaire. It consisted of twelve
or fifty-seven percent male respondents and thirty-six or sixty-one percent female respondents.
Homophobic, ranked second is the reason according to the twenty-two or twenty-seven and a
half percent of the respondents, consisted of fifteen or twenty-four percent males and seventeen
or twenty-nine percent females. Lastly, the ten or twelve and a half percent of the respondents
picked the family background having for or nineteen percent males and six or ten percent
females.

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Problem 2. What do you think can be the worst psychological effect of the discrimination
among the LGBTs?
Out of eighty respondents, suicide is the worst psychological effect according to fortyfour or fifty-five percent of the respondents, which consisted of eleven or fifty-two percent of the
male respondents and thirty-three or fifty-six percent of the female respondents. The next
twenty-one and a quarter percent picked depression, and it is composed of seven or thirty-three
percent of the male respondents and ten or seventeen percent of the female respondents. The
eight or ten percent of the population have chosen fear, containing one or five percent male and
seven or eighteen percent female. Likely to use drugs is the least preferred option of the
respondents, about one and a quarter percent of the total respondents and containing only one or
two percent of the female respondents.
Problem 3. What is the most possible factor that contributes to the widespread of gender
discrimination on the community?
Among the eighty respondents, thirty-nine or forty-eight and three fourths percent picked
social media, which ranked first, and it consisted of nine or forty-three percent of the male
respondents and thirty or fifty-one percent of the female respondents. The thirty-one or thirtyeight and three fourths percent of the population chose religion, which includes the eight or
thirty-eight percent of the male respondents and twenty-three or thirty-nine percent of the female
respondents. The last ten or twelve and a half percent of the respondents picked the school as the
possible factor consisted of four or nineteen percent males and six or ten percent of the female
respondents.
Problem 4. What do you think is the reason why people became LGBT?

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Out of eighty respondents, the fifty-eight or seventy-two and a half percent have chosen
the influence of the society as the reason why people became LGBT, which composed of twelve
or fifty-seven percent of the male respondents and forty-six or seventy-eight percent of the
female respondents. The next seventeen and a half percent believed that it is the family genes,
consisted of six or twenty-nine percent of the male respondents and eight or fourteen percent of
the female respondents. The remaining eight or ten percent respondents picked the factor, being
the only male in the family, consisted by three or fourteen percent male respondents and five or
eight percent females.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings, the researchers arrived at these conclusions:
1. Reasons why LGBTs are being discriminated by the community.
Majority of the respondents had confidence in saying that religion is the most possible
reason why LGBTs are being discriminated by the community. We concluded that these
respondents are religious and they stand and believed what is said on the bible
2. Worst psychological effect of discrimination.
Most of the respondents have an idea that suicide can be the worst psychological effect of
discrimination among LGBTs. They thought that suicide is the only way that a discriminated
LGBT people can think of to end their sufferings.
3. Possible factor that contributes to the widespread of gender discrimination.
Greatest number of the respondents suppose that social media is the most possible factor
that contributes to the widespread of gender discrimination. Especially, social media is trending

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and most used by the people all over the world and it makes a big influence to the people who
are using it. Opinions are now based upon what they saw on the social media.
4. Reason why people became LGBT.
Majority of the respondents believed that the influence of the society is the reason why

people became LGBT

RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are offered based on the findings and conclusions from
this study and are highly encourage by the past researchers to be researched on:
1. The future researchers are encouraged to improve the factors why LGBTs are being
discriminated in the community by including more factors and by increasing the population for
more accurate results.
2. The future researchers are motivated to improve scientifically, the psychological effects of
discriminating the LGBTs by including statements with psychological basis for better results.
3. The future researchers are encouraged to elaborate the widespread of LGBT in a community.
4. The future researchers are motivated to provide more factors, or improve the factors why some
people become LGBT and elaborate more of these results by conducting personal interviews.