Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TECHNOLOGY
CEM 571
CHAPTER 2
STAGES FOR CONSTRUCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
Building
Retaining walls, Drainage
Road, Highway, Bridges
Airports, Offshore/Marine structure
BUILDING
LESSON OUTCOME
At the end of lectures, student will be able to :
-
BUILDING
Any man-made structure used or intended for
supporting or sheltering any use or
continuous occupancy.
1.
2.
3.
CONSTRUCTION SITE
A building or construction site can be considered as a
temporary factory employing the necessary resources
to successfully fulfill a contract.
Commencing tasks:a.
b.
c.
Construction documents
ARCHITECT
DRAWING
SPECIFICATION
ENGINEERS
DRAWING
BILL OF
QUANTITIES
SCHEDULES/
PLANNING
CONTRACT
DOCUMENT
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
SITE INVESTIGATION
SETTING OUT AND TEMPORARY WORKS
TEMPORARY WORKS (ACCOMMODATION,
SITE INVESTIGATION
Soil investigation include the following:a) Land surveying
Boundaries determination and set up
Establishing a datum level (TBM)
b) Assessment and testing
Sampling of media such as soil, water or air.
c) Availability of materials and basic supply
Construction materials
Available road and drainage systems
Electrical and water supply
Environments
May involve:
Earthwork operation
Setting out
& setting
boundary
a) SITE BOUNDARY
The surveyor must to determine the site boundary of the
construction area to avoid trespass to the another
construction area.
b) LEVELING
Land surveyor
determine the
OGL
2.0
Principles of levelling
Sloping Sites
Three methods in reducing levels:1. Cut and Fill - usual method, the amount
of cut will equal the amount of fill
2. Cut
Advantages
of
having
undisturbed soil over the site, but
having disadvantages of cost of
removing the spoil from the site
3. Fill Not to be recommended, deep
foundation would be needed, the risk
of settlement and the amount of fill
should be limited to 600 mm
Sloping sites
Accommodation,
Storage and
Security
SITE OFFICE
HOARDING
PROJECT SIGNBOARD
Accommodation
Regulations 1996 (Health, safety and
welfare)
Requirements defers due to numbers of site
workers and duration of contract
units
caravans or cabins
Semi-portable Units
Mobile Caravans Or
Cabins
Storage
Durability
Vulnerability to damage
Vulnerability to theft
Examples..
Cement and plaster (in bag form) dry store free from
moist air
Protection fencing
Hoardings
hoardings
Can
Fan
hoardings
To
Place
BUILDING STAGES
Order of construction
Excavation and timbering
Foundations
Concrete floors
Reinforced concrete frames
Roofs
Brickwork
Internal fixtures and fittings
Insulation
Plumbing and wiring
Painting and decorating
Type and amount depend on the depth, nature of subsoil, weather conditions
and duration
Trench excavation
FOUNDATIONS
Foundation
PROBLEM
Underground
water
Pipe line.electrical, water,
sewerage, drainage
Sink hole
Ground settlement
CONSTRUCTION
FOUNDATION
BEAM
suspended..cantiliver @ on ground.
BEAM.
SLAB
SLAB
COLUMN
COLUMN
WALL
WALL
BRICKWORK
ROOF
material
the
construction
the
durability
ROOF CONSTRUCTION.
Types of roof
Flat Roofs
Types of roof
Sloping Roofs
Types of roof
Gable Roofs
Types of roof
Salt Box
Types of roof
Gambrel Roof
Types of roof
Mansard Roof
Types of roof
Pyramid Roof
Types of roof
Hip Roof
END OF LECTURE
ANY
QUESTIONS
..
END..
THANK
YOU