Professional Documents
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Reading Comprehension
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The Company
RC
Strategies
The People
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1
2
Session Name
Day
Date
Session Time
Strategy Session
Saturday
Aug 29
7:00 a.m.
CR1 - Inference
Sunday
Aug 30
Saturday
Sep 5
7:00 a.m.
Sunday
Sep 6
7:00 a.m.
Sep 12
7:00 a.m.
Sep 12
Sep 13
9:00 a.m.
7:00 a.m.
Sunday
Sep 19
7:00 a.m.
CR3 Evaluate
Things to note
CR4 Strengthen
5
1. More
comprehensive
than any other course Saturday
CR5Sessions
Weaken take place on weekends
Saturday
2. All6 Live
CR6 Bold Face
Sunday
3. 7:00
7 am Pacific = 7:30 PM IST
7:00 a.m.
Saturday
Sep 20
7:00 a.m.
10
SC3 Parallelism
Saturday
Sep 26
7:00 a.m.
11
SC4 Modifiers
Sunday
Sep 27
7:00 a.m.
12
Saturday
Oct 3
7:00 a.m.
13
RC2 Session
Sunday
Oct 4
7:00 a.m.
The Company
RC
Strategi
es
The People
12 minutes
120 minutes
20 minutes
Get
Immersed
in the
passage
Summarize
& predict
whats next
Predict the
thoughts
through
keywords
Shorten
the
technical
terms &
names
Identify &
quickly go
through the
Details
Understan
d
Sentence
Structure
Infer
Meaning of
Difficult
Words
Warm-up exercise
Warm Up Question 1
Bordering on the extreme, one definition of ethnocentrism considers it a schismatic ingroup/out-group differentiation, in which internal cohesion, relative peace, solidarity,
loyalty, and devotion to the in-group is correlated with a state of hostility toward outgroups, which are often perceived as subhuman and/or the incorporation of evil.
Question: What is the main purpose of the author behind writing the above paragraph?
To criticise a concept that encourages hostility towards people not belonging to the same group
To evaluate the concept of ethnocentrism while enlisting its various features
To define the concept of ethnocentrism , which leads to hierarchy among social groups
To introduce the concept of ethnocentrism by presenting a view on it
Exaggeration follows
EC
Author now
explains this
is linked
solidarity, loyalty, and devotion to the in-group, is correlated with a state of hostility
Hatred for outside people
toward out-groups, which are often perceived as subhuman and/or the incorporation
of evil.
1. Presents definition of EC
2. Indicates that the definition is a bit exaggerated
3. Per EC following are correlated
1. Love for own people
2. Hatred for outside (i.e. evil) people
Warm Up Question 2
Ethnocentrism and its canonical variants are deemed to be intimately connected with xenophobia, a
complex attitude system-cum-sentiment structure involving aversion/dislike and antagonism vis-vis the strange or the alien, and everything that the stranger or alien represents. Some sociocultural
anthropologists even considered xenophobia and ethnocentrism opposite sides of the same coin,
but a few voices have cautioned that this need not be the case.
Question: Mark all the pieces of information that can be inferred from the above paragraph:
Xenophobia and ethnocentrism are different facets of the same concept
Xenophobia entails dislike towards the strange
Xenophobia and ethnocentrism are not connected with each other
The canonical variants of ethnocentrism are closely connected with xenophobia
In some cases xenophobia could be the cause of ethnocentrism
EC
Ethnocentrism and its canonical variants are deemed to be intimately connected with
XP
Definition of XP
Hatred
aversion/dislike and antagonism vis--vis the strange or the alien, and everything
that the stranger or alien represents. Some sociocultural anthropologists even
Some experts think that EC and XP co-exist
considered xenophobia and ethnocentrism opposite sides of the same coin, but a few
Some other experts dont think the same.
Master
Reading
Strategies
HOW
Foundations Concepts
Reading Strategies Concepts 1, 2, and 3
Reading Strategies Practice 1, 2, and 3
Official Guide Practice
Apply reading strategies on 5 official passages.
No need to solve questions just yet.
Understand how to
answer Different
Question Types
HOW
Main Point
Inference
Structure
Detail
Concepts
Main Point Concepts 1 and 2
Main Point Practice 1 and 2
Inference Concepts 1, 2, and 3
Inference Practice 1 and 2
Detail Concepts 1, 2, and 3
Detail Practice 1 and 2
Structure Concepts 1 and 2
Structure Practice
HOW
Bio Sciences
Humanities
Economics
Business
HOW
Bio Sciences
Humanities
Economics
Business
PASSAGE 1
Defined as an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all
resident institutional units engaged in production, plus taxes, and minus any subsidies on products
not included in the value of their outputs, GDP is a basic standard to measure the standard of living in
a country and in turn the economic well-being of the population. However, critics are of the opinion
that national GDP figures do not reveal significant regional variations in output, employment, and
incomes per head of population. They justly contend that within each region there are areas of
relative prosperity contrasting with unemployment black-spots and deep-rooted social and economic
deprivation and that GDP figures on their own do not represent the distribution of income and the
uneven spread of financial wealth.
The idea that rising national prosperity can still be accompanied by rising relative poverty is the
opening line, and rightly so, of the argument that critics present against the use of GDP as a measure
of the general well-being of the population of a region. Changes such as increase in pollution and
other negative externalities can accompany rising national output. Also, output figures reflect nothing
but little on the quality of goods and services produced. Not to mention that the quality of life for
many could be severely diminished if the increase in national output has been achieved at the expense
of the leisure time of the workers working longer than usual hours.
Passage 1 Question 1
The author is primarily concerned with
A. defining GDP while presenting its uses
B. presenting the merits and demerits of GDP
C. describing the criticism meted out to the use of GDP as a measure of economic
well-being
D. criticizing the use of GDP as a measure for standard of living of population
Passage 1 Question 2
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. In countries where there is little disparity in the distribution of wealth, GDP is the
best measure of standard of living.
B. Increase in pollution and other negative changes negate any increase in national
output.
C. An increase in the overall goods produced by a nation does not own its own signify
a corresponding increase in the quality of these goods.
D. The quality of life suffers when workers work more than their regular hours.
E. A country with a high GDP is very likely to have uneven spread of financial wealth.
Passage 1 Question 3
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
A. Unemployment black spots and social deprivation are two of the biggest threats to
any economy.
B. An increase in national prosperity is most likely accompanied by an increase in
relative poverty.
C. Even when there is an equal distribution of wealth, GDP fails as a measure of the
income of a country.
D. There is an inverse relationship between an increase in the output of goods in a
country and the quality of this output.
E. The usage of GDP as a measure of standard of living is linked to measuring the
economic health of the population.
Definition presented
Defined as an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all
detail that may be skimmed through
resident institutional units engaged in production, plus taxes, and minus any subsidies on products
not included in the value of their outputs, GDP is a basic standard to measure the standard of living in
a country and in turn the economic well-being of the population.
Opinion of critics
However, critics are of the opinion that national GDP figures do not reveal significant regional
variations in output, employment, and incomes per head of population. They justly contend that
Every region has rich areas
within each region there are areas of relative prosperity contrasting with unemployment black-spots
and deep-rooted social and economic deprivation and that GDP figures on their own do not represent
the distribution of income and the uneven spread of financial wealth.
1. Change in direction of the passage.
2. Critics dont consider GDP as a good measure of standard of living.
1. GDP does not show variations in standard of living.
2. Each region has rich areas and poor areas.
3. Author agrees with the critics.
increase in poverty
The idea that rising national prosperity can still be accompanied by rising relative poverty is the
Author agrees
opening line, and rightly so, of the argument that critics present against the use of GDP as a measure
Critics (and author) are against use of GDP as measure of general well-being
of the general well-being of the population of a region. Changes such as increase in pollution and
GDP
1. Author agrees with critics - GDP is not a good measure of GENERAL well-being
of the population.
2. Explanation
1. Rising GDP -> Increase in Pollution & other ve things.
Also, output figures reflect nothing but little on the quality of goods and services produced. Not to
Condition presented
mention that the quality of life for many could be severely diminished if the increase in national
output has been achieved at the expense of the leisure time of the workers working longer than usual
hours.
1. Explanation continued
1. Rising GDP number does not tell anything about QUALITY of goods.
2. Quality of Life may be ly impacted
If GDP by leisure time of workers.
1. Author agrees with critics - GDP not good measure of GENERAL well-being of people.
2. Explanation
1. Rising GDP -> Increase in Pollution & other ve things.
2. Rising GDP number does not tell anything about QUALITY of goods.
3. Quality of Life may be ly impacted
If GDP by leisure time of workers.
Para 1
1. Author presents definition & use of GDP.
2. BUT Critics dont agree with the use
1. Each region has rich areas and poor areas.
2. GDP does not show this variation
3. Author agrees with the critics.
GDP not good measure of economic wellbeing,
Complete Passage
1. Author defines GDP and its use
2. Author agrees with Critics
1.GDP not good measure of economic well-being
2.GDP not good measure of general well being
GDP not good measure of standard of living.
Para 2
1. Author agrees with critics - GDP not good measure
of GENERAL well-being of people.
2. Explanation provided
Passage 1 Question 1
The author is primarily concerned with
A. defining GDP while presenting its uses
B. presenting the merits and demerits of GDP
C. describing the criticism meted out to the use of GDP as a measure of economic
well-being
D. criticizing the use of GDP as a measure for standard of living of population
describing the criticism meted out to the use of GDP as a measure of standard of living
This choice does not capture the authors view of GDP as a measure.
D. The quality of life suffers when workers work more than their regular hours.
E. A country with a high GDP is very likely to have uneven spread of financial wealth.
Thus, even when there is little disparity in wealth distribution, other factors as
explained in Para 2 could lead to GDP being a poor measure of standard of living.
PASSAGE EXCERPT
...Changes such as increase in pollution and other negative externalities can accompany
rising national output.
Per the passage,
These ve increases ACCOMPANY the increase in National Output.
These ve increases are not factored in the GDP and in fact they should be
reflected somehow to reflect the ve impact on standard of living.
But author does not go to the extreme of saying that these ve changes
COMPLETELY NEGATE the increase in National Output.
PASSAGE EXCERPT
...output figures reflect nothing but little on the quality of goods and services produced.
Answer choice picks up only the highlighted (red) portion from the passage.
It removes the condition as shown in the underlined portion.
Passage 1 Question 3
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
A. Unemployment black spots and social deprivation are two of the biggest threats to
any economy.
B. An increase in national prosperity is most likely accompanied by an increase in
relative poverty.
C. Even when there is an equal distribution of wealth, GDP fails as a measure of the
income of a country.
D. There is an inverse relationship between an increase in the output of goods in a
country and the quality of this output.
E. The usage of GDP as a measure of standard of living is linked to measuring the
economic health of the population.
PASSAGE EXCERPT
...They justly contend that within each region there are areas of relative prosperity
contrasting with unemployment black-spots and deep-rooted social and economic
deprivation and that GDP figures on their own do not represent the distribution of
income and the uneven spread of financial wealth.
The author does not talk about GDPs strength as an indicator of the overall income
of a country.
Instead, he/she criticizes it for not representing the distribution of this income.
PASSAGE EXCERPT
...Also, output figures reflect nothing but little on the quality of goods and services
produced.
Per the passage, Increase in OUTPUT of Goods does not tell much about the
QUALITY of goods.
Passage does not talk about any proportional relationship (inverse or direct).
PASSAGE EXCERPT
...GDP is a basic standard to measure the standard of living in a country and in turn the
economic well-being of the population.
Read and
COMPREHEND the
passage well enough
to create passage
summary
Pre-Think the
answer
Eliminate answer
choices
This process improves accuracy and saves time since it minimizes the need to re-read the passage.
Get
Immersed
in the
passage
Summarize
& predict
whats next
Predict the
thoughts
through
keywords
Shorten
the
technical
terms &
names
Identify &
quickly go
through the
Details
Understan
d
Sentence
Structure
Infer
Meaning of
Difficult
Words
3. Desire
1. Belief
In the methods that will
lead to success
2. Behavior
Work to improve your skills
in applying the methods
Next Steps
1. Take the e-GMAT free trial (Main Point)
2. Solve 10 Questions from OG (2 passages), applying the reading
strategies
Make sure that you are absolutely clear while selecting
the right answer and rejecting the wrong ones
3. Practice Scholaranium (8+ free passages + comprehensive
solutions)
4. Review the reading strategies again
5. Do exercise questions
Not only improved performance but also be able to point out mistakes
clearly.