CHAPTER REVIEW FOR ETHICS AND

FIQH FOR EVERYDAY LIFE COURSES

(UNGS 2050)

Chapter 6
AL-AMR BI AL-MARUF WA AL-NAHY
AN AL-MUNKAR

GROUP MEMBERS :

Siti Junaidah Binti Jamaludeen

(1415974)

Marjan Binti Azmi

(1419668)

Nur Alia Amirah Binti Ahmad

(1420226)

Nur Afini Binti Mohamed Adzman

(1421890)

Siti Aisyah Binti Mohamad

(1428054)

SECTION NUMBER :

SECTION 24

LECTURER NAME :

Assoc..Prof.Dr. Md Yousuf Ali

Stages of Development of Fiqh

The First Stage:
Development of fiqh is divided into three stages. The first stage
covers the era of the prophet (602-632 CE), which the source of Islamic
law came from Quran or the Sunnah only. The Quran is a model for Islamic
way of life meanwhile the Prophets application of it in his Sunnah is used
as detailed explanation of the principles which mentioned generally in the
Quran. Various sections of the Quran solved the problems faced by the
Prophet and his followers in general where Quran directly answered the
questions which are raised by people or are revealed due to particular
incidents during the era of the Prophet. The same goes to the Sunnah
where legislation of Islam found from the answered questions by Prophet
or the pronouncements made at the time of the incidents.
During the Makkan period (609-622) CE, revelations mainly focus on
building the faith before other tasks. General contents of Quran are alTawhid (Allahs unity), Allahs existence, the next life, the incidents of
people of the old, prayers, and a challenge to the Arabs to imitate the
style of the Quran. Meanwhile the laws which are related to the social and
economics mostly revealed during the Madinan period. Since the basis of
legislation in the Quran was human reformation, beneficial human
customs and practices are implemented into the divine legislation. This
was due to the Quranic legislation principles which concern of public
interest and facilities for human being.
The Second Stage:
The second stage is about establishment. It is the era of Righteous
Caliph which was happened after the death of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w)
from Saidina Abu Bakar r.a to the end of Saidina Ali r.a (632-661CE). With
the expansion of Islam, they found new systems which related to culture,
behaviour and specific provision that not stated in law of Shariah.

Legislation in Islam occurred from establishment procedures of ijma and

ijtihad if they faced problems. To find a solution, basically they would do
research

for

it

is

made

in

Sunnah.

Secondly,

meeting of companions and then selecting a major opinion. Finally, use

ijtihad of Caliph if the opinion is hard to determine. In this period, the
features of is free from factionalism. Some of the Shariah was modified. To
prevent the rise of madhahib, use the unified approach.
The Third Stage:
It about the historical development of fiqh and madhahib where the
rise and fall of the Umayyad dynasty,covering a period of about a century,
extending from the death of the Righteous Caliph Ali Ibn Abi TAlib in 661
CE and the founding of the dynasty until the last of the Umayyad Caliph
around the middle of the 8the century CE.
This period was marked by great social unrest, dividing the ummah
into various sects and faction, the caliphate was converted into kingship,
many new non Islamic was practices from other states, scholars fled to
outlying areas because to avoid conflict and confusion. Besides, the sociopolitical also changed. They developed their own particular systems of
fiqh after the Shiah and Khawarij was rebelled.

Conclusion
This chapter talks about the evolution of fiqh throughout the ages. It studies the
definition of fiqh from various aspects to show how its been used in the Quran and Sunnah.
The chapter talks about the meaning of fiqh and shariah and the distinction between them.
Fiqh is the understanding and knowledge of something. Shariah means the straight path as
mentioned in the Quran but islamically; it refers to the sum total of Islamic laws revealed to
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The main distinction between the two is that shariah is the law
while fiqh is the knowledge of the law.
The chapter also talks about the stages of development of Fiqh. The first stage of
development is from the era of the Prophet, during which is the only source of Islamic law in
the form of the Quran and Sunnah. The second stage took place in the era of the Righteous
Caliphs from the death of the Prophet to the middle of the 7 th century CE. During this time
the Righteous Caliphs relied on ijma and ijtihad to deal with the new problems arising from
the expansion of the borders of the Islamic state. The third stage covers the rise and fall of the
Umayyad dynasty. This period is crucial in the historical development of fiqh and madhahib.
The chapter concludes with a note that re-establishing Islam as the supreme guide in the
daily lives of Muslim is achievable only by the revival of a dynamic fiqh.