1.

0 Introduction
A tanker is a ship that designed to transport liquids, usually hazardous or dangerous in nature, in
bulk. Tanker can range in size of capacity from several hundred tonnes, which includes vessel for
servicing small harbours and coastal settlement, to several hundred thousand tonnes, for long range
haulage. Their size is measured in deadweight metric tonnes (dwt).
An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport
of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers, namely the crude tanker and the product tanker.
Crude tanker move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its points of extraction to refineries.
Oil tankers load their cargo by gravity from the shore or by shore pumps, and discharge using onboard pumps. Oil tankers are generally categorized by size, e.g. Handysize, Panamax, Aframax,
Suezmax, VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier), and ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carrier).
Thus, we need to determine the design of the ships that include the suitable length, breadth, depth,
draught and block coefficient that able to fulfill the owner requirement. Throughout this report,
most of the value is estimated from several references in order to come out with the initial
dimension that can achieve the clients requirement.

For the design of a crude oil tanker there is a several distinguishing feature that need to be consider
during the design process:
1.

The deck covered with pipe and pumps used to transport the crude oil from ship to shore or
from hold to hold.

2.

All modern oil tankers are double-hulled to protect against oil spills in case of collision.

2.0 Objective
1.

To design a crude oil tanker which fulfill the owner requirement

2.

To estimate the main dimension of the crude oil tanker.

3.

To make an estimation of the size of dimension of ships main part and cargo hold based
on the types of ships.

3.0 Problem Statement

1.

How to determine the main dimensions of a crude oil tanker based on the owner
requirement?

2.

What are the regulations that must be followed in designing the structure of crude oil
tanker?

4.0 Methodology
4.1 Flowchart

ComputeL/B,B/D,T/D,
Cb

Check the
deadweight/displacement
ratio.
Check the total weight
the displacement

Sketch the ship's profile

Calculateareaandvolume
forcargospace

Calculatedeadweight
usingstowagefactorvalue

Calculateddeadweight
deadweightgivenbythe
owner

4.2 Dimensional Relationship

L/B

5.5

B/D

1.91

L/D

10.5

T/D

0.67

The values of the dimension ratio shown in the table above are taken and referred from
Practical Ship Design by D.G.M Watson specifically for tanker.

4.3EstimationforDisplacement
A preliminary estimate of displacement can be made from statistical data analysis other than
using the basis ship method as a function of deadweight capacity. The statistical DWT/
ratio are given in the following table.

From the figure above, we can roughly estimate that the value of DWT/Disp for 156 000
tonnes deadweight for tanker is 0.845 instead of the block coefficient, Cbfor tankers is 0.80
to 0.86.

Wd

: full deadweight

Wl

: lightship deadweight

Kd=
=

DWT
disp

Wd
Kd

k d =0.845

=156000/0.845 =184615.38 tonnes

4.4EstimationforBlockCoefficient
From the graph below, it shows that the range of the block coefficient is between 0.7 and
0.8. With the information obtained from the figure before this, clearly block coefficient, Cb
for tankers is 0.80 to 0.86. So, with the k d =0.845 then Cb = 0.86.

4.4 Estimation for Ships Length

From Watsons Practical Ship Design using weight based design method:
[Watson]

= . c b . L. B .T .(1+ s)

(1.00 for fresh water, 1.025 for salt water)

=S . G

s = displacement of shell, stern and appendages expressed as a fraction of the moulded

displacement. After the derivation, the equation is obtained:
.
L=(

L 2 B
.
B
D

( )( )

T
. ( 1+ s ) . C b .( )
D

1
3

For appendage displacement, (1+s), there is no specific value, the approximation has been
mode that it is only 0.5% of the moulded displacement for single screw ship. Thus, s=0.005.
After all parameters were known as below, the formula above is applied to find length of
ship [First calculation].
c b=0.

86

=184615.38 tonnes
L
B
L 10.5T
=5.5 , =1.91 , =
=0.67
B
D
D
D

L 2 B
.
B
D

( )( )

1
3

184615.38 . ( 5.5 ) . ( 1.91 )

L=(
) =L=(
)3 =264 m
T
(1+ 0.005 ) . 0.86 .(0.67)
1.025
.
. ( 1+ s ) . C b .( )
D

From the ratio above, the value of breadth, B draught, T and depth, D can be obtained.
B=

L 264
=
=48 m
5.5 5.5

D=

L
264
=
=25 m
10 .5 10 .5

T =0.67 D=0.67 (25 )=17 m

Therefore, L = 264 m, B = 48 m, D = 25 m, and T = 17.