Professional Documents
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Reference Materials
Robert Alvarez, Chapter Editor
National Institute of Standards and Technology
STANDARD SOLUTIONS AND CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS
A.1.01
AOAC Official Method 942.25
Standard Solutions
and Materials
Use accurately calibrated equipment, which meets NIST specifications. Alkaline and other corrosive solutions dissolve glass. To
avoid volumetric errors, do not store such solutions in calibrated
apparatus. Burets used continuously with such solutions should be
recalibrated periodically.
Working temperature of standard solution should approximate
that of its temperature during standardization. If temperature corrections are necessary, sufficient accuracy may be obtained by use of
Table 942.25.
Reference: JAOAC 25, 650(1942).
A.1.02
AOAC Official Method 942.26
Standard Solutions
of Ammonium and Potassium Thiocyanates
Final Action
A. Reagents
Table 942.25
Volume
Standard
Solution
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
mL
10
20
25
30
40
50
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.12
A.1.03
A. Reagent
Arsenious oxide.Use NIST SRM 83. Dry 1 h at 105 immediately before using.
B. Preparation of Standard Solution
A.1.04
AOAC Official Method 964.24
Buffer Solutions
for Calibration of pH Equipment
First Action 1964
Final Action 1965
Temperature
0.01m
Borax
0.025m NaHCO3
and 0.025m
Satd Calcium
Na2CO3
Hydroxide
pH
pH
pH
pH
pH
pH
pH
pH
0
5
10
15
20
25
1.666
1.668
1.670
1.672
1.675
1.679
3.557
4.003
3.998
3.996
3.996
3.999
4.004
6.982
6.949
6.921
6.898
6.878
6.863
7.534
7.501
7.472
7.449
7.430
7.415
9.460
9.392
9.331
9.276
9.227
9.183
10.321
10.248
10.181
10.120
10.064
10.014
13.423
13.207
13.003
12.810
12.627
12.454
30
35
37
40
45
50
55
60
1.683
1.688
1.691
1.694
1.700
1.707
1.715
1.723
3.552
3.549
3.548
3.547
3.547
3.549
3.554
3.560
4.011
4.020
4.024
4.030
4.042
4.055
4.070
4.085
6.851
6.842
6.839
6.836
6.832
6.831
7.403
7.394
7.392
7.388
7.385
7.384
9.143
9.107
9.093
9.074
9.044
9.017
9.968
9.928
9.891
9.859
9.831
12.289
12.133
12.043
11.984
11.841
11.705
11.574
11.449
Phthalate-NaOH Mixtures
0.2M
Potassium Hydrogen
Phthalate (mL)
0.2M
NaOH(mL)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
KH2PO4-NaOH Mixtures
23.65
29.75
35.25
39.70
43.10
45.40
47.00
0.2M
KH2PO4(mL)
0.2M
NaOH(mL)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
H3BO3-KCl-NaOH Mixtures
3.66
5.64
8.55
12.60
17.74
23.60
29.54
34.90
39.34
42.74
45.17
46.85
pH
0.2M
H3BO3, KCl(mL)
0.2M
NaOH(mL)
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.4
8.6
50
50
50
50
50
2.65
4.00
5.90
8.55
12.00
pH
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.2
A.1.05
AOAC Official Method 941.17
Standard Buffers and Indicators
for Colorimetric pH Comparisons
Final Action
X = mL 0.01N NaOH/0.1 g indicator required to form monosodium salt. Dilute to 250 mL for 0.04% reagent. (See Table 941.17A)
Table 941.17A Amounts of Specific Indicators Required to
Form Monosodium Salts
Bromocresol green
Chlorophenol red
Bromothymol blue
Phenol red
pH
14.3
23.6
16.0
28.2
3.85.4
4.86.4
6.07.6
6.88.4
pH
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8.0
Table 936.15
Approximate normality
mL HCl to be diluted to 10 L
0.01
0.02
0.10
0.50
1.0
8.6
17.2
86.0
430.1
860.1
A.1.06
AOAC Official Method 936.15
Standard Solution
of Hydrochloric Acid
Final Action
Table 936.15 gives approximate volumes of 36.538% HCl required to make 10 L standard solutions.
V1 = V2 N2/N1
G = 164.673 + 0.02039 P0
where P0 = barometric pressure in mm Hg corrected to 0C for
expansion of Hg and of barometer scale. For brass scale barometer,
following correction is accurate enough:
P0 = Pt(1 0.000162t), where t = barometer temperature in C
Weigh required amount of constant boiling HCl in tared, stoppered flask to at least 1 part in 10,000. Dilute immediately, and
finally dilute to volume with CO2-free H2O at desired temperature.
References: JAOAC 25, 653(1942); 36, 96, 354(1953); 37, 122,
462(1954).
Standard Borax Method
D. Reagents
F. Reagents
A.1.09
AOAC Official Method 949.13
Standard Solution
of Potassium Dichromate
Final Action
A. Reagent
A.1.07
AOAC Official Method 939.13
Standard Solution of Iodine
Final Action
A.1.08
AOAC Official Method 947.13
Standard Solution
of Potassium Bromide-Bromate
Final Action
A.1.10
AOAC Official Method 940.35
Standard Solution
of Potassium Permanganate
Final Action
B. Standardization
stem of funnel into neck of bottle and filter KMnO4 solution directly
into bottle without aid of suction.
B. Standardization
A.1.12
AOAC Official Method 936.16
Standard Solution
of Sodium Hydroxide
A.1.11
AOAC Official Method 941.18
Standard Solution
of Silver Nitrate
Final Action
Final Action
Standard Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Method
A. Apparatus
Dissolve slightly more than theoretical weight of AgNO3 (equivalent weight, 169.87) in halogen-free H2O and dilute to volume.
Thoroughly clean glassware, avoid contact with dust, and keep
prepared solution in amber glass-stoppered bottles away from light.
Mohr Method
B. Reagents
B. Reagents
Approximate normality
mL NaOH to be diluted to 10 L
Volhard Method
0.01
0.02
0.10
0.50
1.0
5.4
10.8
54.0
270.0
540.0
D. Reagents
E. Standardization
B. Standardization
A.1.14
AOAC Official Method 890.01
Standard Solutions
of Sulfuric Acid
Final Action
Table 890.01 gives approximate volumes of 9598% H2SO4 necessary to make 10 L standard solutions.
Table 890.01
Approximate
normality
mL H2SO4 to be
diluted to 10 L
0.01
0.02
0.10
0.50
1.0
2.8
5.6
27.7
138.1
276.1
A.1.13
AOAC Official Method 942.27
Standard Solutions
of Sodium Thiosulfate
Final Action
A.1.15
AOAC Official Method 948.28
Standard Solutions
of Titanium Trichloride
Final Action
IAEA
NIST
NIES
LGC
NRCC
USP
A.1.16
AOAC Official Method 982.35
Certified Reference Materials
A. Definitions
Oyster Tissue
Bovine Liver
Muscle
Tomato Leaves
Pine Needles
Pepperbush
Aquatic Plant
(Lagarosiphon m Major)
Aquatic Plant
(Platihypnidum
riparioides)
Olive Leaves
(Olea europaea)
Wheat Flour
Rice Flour
Nonfat Milk Powder
Brewers Yeast
Sucrose
Dextrose
DL-5-Vinyloxazolidin-2thione (VOT)
Skim Milk Powder,
natural
Skim Milk Powder,
spiked
Skim Milk Powder,
spiked
Soya-maize Oil Blend
Beef-pig Fat Blend
Bovine Muscle
Bovine Liver
Pig Kidney
Wholemeal Flour
Certification
Source Code
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
NIST
NIST
IAEA
NIST
NIST
NIES
BCR
Note a
BCR
Note a
BCR
Note a
Note a
Note a
Cr
Note b
Note c
Purity
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
LGC
Note a
BCR
Note a
BCR
Note a
BCR
Note d
Note d
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
BCR
BCR
BCR
BCR
BCR
BCR
Continued
Brown Bread
Single Cell Protein
Single Cell Protein
Sea Lettuce
Aflatoxin M1 in Whole
Milk Powder
283
Aflatoxin M1 in Whole
Milk Powder
284
Aflatoxin M1 in Whole
Milk Powder
285
Aflatoxin M1 in Whole
Milk Powder
1563
Cholesterol & Fat
Soluble Vitamins in
Coconut Oil
1588
Organics in Cod Liver
Oil
TORT-1 Lobster Hepatopancreas
DORM-1 Dogfish Muscle
DOLT-1 Dogfish Liver
No. 3
Chlorella
No. 7
Tea Leaves
No. 9
Sargasso Seaweed
No. 10 Flour (rice)
No. 11 Fish Tissue
100
Beech Leaves
101
Spruce Needles
129
Hay Powder
190
Rapeseed
1515
Apple Leaves
1547
Peach Leaves
2675
Fluoride in Vegetation
1545
Total Diet
1406
Bone Ash
1486
Bone Meal
2389
Amino Acids in HCl
Certification
Source Code
Note a
Matrix
Trace Element
Note a
Very low level
BCR
BCR
BCR
BCR
BCR
Low level
BCR
Medium level
BCR
High level
BCR
Fortified levels
NIST
Note e
NIST
Note a
NRCC
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
F
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
NRCC
NRCC
NIES
NIES
NIES
NIES
NIES
BCR
BCR
BCR
BCR
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
Designation
900
1599
909
2671a
2672a
2670
Freeze-dried Urine
Freeze-dried Urine
Freeze-dried Urine
Clinical CRMs
Drugs, clinicals
147
Lyophilized thromboplastin
Human plain
Lyophilized thromboplastin
Bovine
Lyophilized thromboplastin
Rabbit
Lyophilized bovine blood
(low concentration)
Lyophilized bovine blood
(medium concentration)
Lyophilized bovine blood
(high concentration)
Calcium in Human Blood I
Calcium in Human Blood II
Lyophilized Human Serum
(low concentration)
Lyophilized Human Serum
(high concentration)
Lyophilized CGT from pig
kidney
Cholesterol in Human
Serum
(Freeze-dried)
Tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC) in Urine
Cocaine and Metabolites in
Urine
Morphine and Codeine in
Urine
Morphine Gluceronide in
Urine
Inorganic Constituents in
Bovine Serum
Human Hair
Freeze dried animal blood
148
149
Elemental composition.
Optical rotation, index of rotation, and density.
c
Purity and specific rotation.
194
195
196
303
304
192
193
319
1952a
1507b
1508
2381
2382
1598
5
A-13
Certification
Source
Code
Note a
NIST
Note b
NIST
Selected electroNIST
lytes, organics
F-(0.55 and 5.7 mg/L) NIST
Hg (2 concentrations) NIST
Selected elements
NIST
Purity, other
NIST
properties
(Note c)
Purity, other
USP
properties
Note d
Note e
BCR
Note e
BCR
Note e
BCR
Pb, Cd
BCR
Pb, Cd
BCR
Pg, Cd
BCR
Ca
Ca
Cortisol
BCR
BCR
BCR
Cortisol
BCR
Note f
BCR
Cholesterol
NIST
THC
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
Trace Elements
NIST
Trace Elements
Trace Elements
NIES
IAEA
a
Phenytoin, ethosuximide, phenobarbital, and primidone at 3 concentration
levels plus serum blank.
b
Carbamazepine and valproic acid at 3 concentration levels plus serum blank.
c
Approximately 20 clinical calibration materials.
d
Drugs of abuse, veterinary drugs, enzymes, food chemicals clinicals, vitamins...
e
Calibrated against International Reference Preparation of WHO (IRP 67/40).
f
Based on IFCC method.
194
Ammonium Dihydrogen
Phosphate
Potassium Dihydrogen
Phosphate
200
a
Note a
Note a
Note a
Note a
N and K
concentration
N and P
concentration
P and K
concentration
NIST
NIST
BCR
BCR
NIST
NIST
NIST
Chemical composition.
Certification
Source
Code
High purity
LGC
High purity
LGC
High purity
LGC
High purity
LGC
High purity
LGC
Note a
LGC
Note b
NIST
Note c
NIST
23 organic
compounds
NIST
Pb
NIST
6 organic
compounds
NIST
10 organic
compounds
NIST
8 organic
compounds
NIST
Designation
1586
Isotopically Labeled &
Unlabeled Priority
Pollutants in Methanol
1587
Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons in Methanol
1589
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(As Aroclor 1260) in Human
Serum
1596
Dinitropyrene Isomers &
1-Nitropyrene in
Methylene Chloride
1597
Complex Mixture of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons from
Coal Tar
1614
Dioxin (2,3,7,8 TCDD) in
Isooctane
2,3,7,8-TCDD-13C
1618
V and Ni in Residual Fuel Oil
1639
Hydrocarbons (in CH3OH) for
H2O Analysis
1650
Diesel Particulate Matter
2694a
Simulated Rainwater
Certification
Source
Code
10 organic
compounds
NIST
6 organic
compounds
NIST
Aroclor 1260
NIST
4 organic compounds
NIST
12 PAHs
NIST
2,3,7,8-TCDD
NIST
VNi
NIST
7 organic compounds
NIST
6 organic compounds
NIST
Note d
NIST
Table 982.35F
1641c
1643c
1644
1647a
NASS-2
CRM 046-097
2
SL-1
2704
BCSS-1
MESS-1
Soil-5
2709-2711
1658a1659a
1661a1696a
1665b1669b
26432648
26492650
26512652
16832631
1677c2638
26392642
2812a2614a
26322634
2619a1675b
26572659
18051806
16251627
1629a
1648
1649
2676d
Air-3/1
16191624a
1634b
1581
1580
1638b
26822685
1632b
1635
1633b
mg/mL level
ng/mL level
Note a
Note b
Trace Elements
Purity
Note c
Note c
Note c
Note c
Note c
Note c
Note c
110 mol/mol
503500 mol/mol
3500 mol/mol
1005000 mol/mol
1.02.0 mol %
O2(5.010.0 mol %) C3H8 (0.01 mol%)
53000 mol/mol
255000 mol/mol
1.08.0 mol %
9.943 mol %
300800 mol/mol
0.515 mol %
2.0 21 mol %
0.2510 mol/mol
2.80.56 g/min Tube (Note d)
0.51.5 g/min Tube
As, Cd, Pb + 11 others
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn at g levels
13 elements at g levels
0.15 5 weight %
P, V, + 6 others
100 g/g
9 organic compounds
Pb
S plus ash and colorific values (0.5-4.6 weight %);
As, Cd, Pb + 15 others
As, Cd, Pb + 11 others
As, Cd, Pb + 17 others
Source Code
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NRCC
BCR
NIES
IAEA
NIST
NRCC
NRCC
IAEA
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
IAEA
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST
NIST