ASTR 102 - TEST - MC01 & SA&TF Flashcards - Quizlet

12/2/2014
ASTR102TESTMC01&SA&TFflashcards|Quizlet
ASTR 102 - TEST - MC01 & SA&TF

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97 terms by ron148
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Whatisthemeaningoftheword
cosmos?
A)theoriginofEarthandlifeuponit
B)thelightfromadistantastronomical
object
C)theMilkyWay
D)thesumtotalofallmatterandenergy,
thatis,everythingwithinandbetweenall
galaxiesE)thedarksky
D)thesumtotalofallmatterandenergy,
thatis,everythingwithinandbetweenall
galaxies
Whichofthefollowinghasyour
"address"inthecorrectorder?
E)you,Earth,solarsystem,MilkyWay,
LocalGroup,LocalSupercluster
A)you,Earth,solarsystem,Local
Group,LocalSupercluster,MilkyWay
B)you,Earth,solarsystem,MilkyWay,
LocalSupercluster,LocalGroup
C)you,Earth,solarsystem,Local
Group,MilkyWay,LocalSupercluster
D)you,Earth,LocalGroup,Local
Supercluster,solarsystem,MilkyWay
E)you,Earth,solarsystem,MilkyWay,
LocalGroup,LocalSupercluster
Aboutwhereisoursolarsystemlocated
withintheMilkyWayGalaxy?
C)abouttwothirdsofthewayfromthe
centerofthegalaxytotheoutskirtsofthe
galacticdisk
A)atthecenterofthegalaxy
B)about10percentofthewayfromthe
galacticdisk
C)abouttwothirdsofthewayfromthe
galacticdisk
D)nearthefaroutskirtsofthegalactic
disk
E)inthehaloofthegalaxyabovethe
galacticdisk
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1/27
12/2/2014
RoughlyhowmanystarsareintheMilky
WayGalaxy?
B)100billion
A)1billion
B)100billion
C)10billion
D)100million
E)100trillion
Moderntelescopesarecapableofseeing
brightgalaxiesuptoabout
D)10billionlightyearsaway.
A)1millionlightyearsaway.
B)10millionlightyearsaway.
C)1billionlightyearsaway.
D)10billionlightyearsaway.
E)1trillionlightyearsaway.
SupposeweimaginetheSuntobeabout
thesizeofagrapefruit.Howbiganarea
wouldtheorbitsofthenineplanetsofthe
solarsystemcover?
C)thesizeofatypicalcampus
A)thesizeofatypicaldormroom
B)thesizeofatypicalcampusbuilding
C)thesizeofatypicalcampus
D)thesizeofasmallcity
E)thesizeofawesternstate(e.g.,
Colorado)
Whatdowemeanwhenwesaythatthe
universeisexpanding?
C)Averagedistancesareincreasing
betweengalaxies.
A)Averagedistancesareincreasing
betweenstarsystemswithingalaxies.
B)Everythingintheuniverseis
graduallygrowinginsize.
C)Averagedistancesareincreasing
betweengalaxies.
D)Thestatementisnotmeanttobe
literalrather,itmeansthatour
knowledgeoftheuniverseisgrowing.E)
Individualgalaxiesaregradually
growinginsize.
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Theageoftheuniverseis
D)between10billionand16billion
years.
A)between10millionand16million
years.
B)between100millionand160million
years.C)between1billionand1.6
billionyears.
D)between10billionand16billion
years.
E)between100billionand160billion
years.
Howaregalaxiesimportanttoour
existence?
D)Galaxiesrecycleheavyelements
producedinstarsintofuturegenerations
ofstars.
A)Withoutgalaxies,therecouldnot
havebeenaBigBang.
B)Withoutgalaxies,theuniversecould
notbeexpanding.
C)Galaxiespreventplanetsfromleaving
theirorbitsaroundstarse.g.,ourgalaxy
preventsEarthfrom
leavingitsorbitoftheSun.
D)Galaxiesrecycleheavyelements
producedinstarsintofuturegenerations
ofstars.
E)Galaxiesprovidethegravitythat
preventsusfromfallingoffEarth.
Earthismademostlyofmetalsand
rocks.Wheredidthismaterialcome
from?
C)Itwasproducedbynuclearfusionin
stars.
A)ItwasproducedintheBigBang.
B)Itwascreatedbychemicalreactions
ininterstellarspace.
C)Itwasproducedbynuclearfusionin
stars.
D)ItwasmadebyourSun.
E)Itwasmadebynuclearfissionof
uraniumandotherradioactivematerials.
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Whatisnuclearfusion?
A)anexplosioncausedbyputting
togethertwovolatilechemicals
B)theprocessofsplittingnucleito
produceenergy
C)theprocessofturningmatterintopure
energy
D)theprocessofcombininglightweight
nucleitomakeheaviernucleiE)a
processthatonlyoccursinbombs
D)theprocessofcombininglightweight
nucleitomakeheaviernuclei
WhydoesCarlSagansaythatwearestar
stuff?
C)Nearlyeveryatomfromwhichweare
madeonce(beforethesolarsystem
formed)wasinsideofasta
A)Thecompositionofmoststars
(mostlyhydrogenandhelium)isabout
thesameasthecompositionof
ourbodies.
B)CosmicraysreachingEarthfrom
distantastronomicalsourcesmaybeone
sourceofmutationsthat
helpevolutionalong.
madeonce(beforethesolarsystem
formed)wasinsideofastar.D)Nearly
everyatomfromwhichwearemadewas
onceinsideourstar,theSun.
E)Saganthoughtthatallofushavethe
potentialtobemovie(orTV)starslike
hewas.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoes
notusethetermlightyearinan
appropriateway?
B)Itwilltakemelightyearstocomplete
thishomeworkassignment.
A)It'sabout4lightyearsfromhereto
AlphaCentauri.
B)Itwilltakemelightyearstocomplete
thishomeworkassignment.
C)Alightyearisabout10trillion
kilometers.
D)ItwilltaketheVoyagerspacecraft
about20,000yearstotraveljust1light
year.E)TheMilkyWayGalaxyisabout
100,000lightyearsindiameter.
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Onelighthouristhedistancethatlight
travelsinanhour.Howfaristhis,in
kilometers?(Recallthatthespeedof
lightis300,000km/s.)
D)1.08billionkm
A)300,000km
B)18millionkm
C)100millionkm
D)1.08billionkm
E)9.46trillionkm
15)Supposewelookataphotographof
manygalaxies.Assumingthatall
galaxiesformedataboutthesametime,
whichgalaxyinthepictureisthe
youngest?
A)theonethatisfarthestaway
A)theonethatisfarthestaway
B)theonethatisreddestincolor
C)theonethatisbluestincolor
D)theonethatisclosesttous
E)theonethatappearssmallestinsize
Whatdowemeanbytheobservable
universe?
C)thepartoftheuniversethatcouldbe
observedinprinciple,includingthings
thatmayrequirefuturetechnologies
A)thepartoftheuniversethatwecan
seewiththenakedeye
B)thepartoftheuniversethatwecan
seethroughtelescopes
C)thepartoftheuniversethatcouldbe
observedinprinciple,includingthings
thatmayrequirefuturetechnologies
D)thecompendiumofallobjectsthatwe
haveobservedtodate
E)theentireuniverse,sinceitis
inconceivablethattherecouldbepartsof
theuniversethatwecannotobserve
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thesizeofagrapefruit.Whichofthe
followingdescribesthesizeanddistance
ofEarthonthesamescale?
C)Earthisthesizeofapointabout15
metersawayfromtheSun.
A)Earthisthesizeofapointabout1
meterawayfromtheSun.
B)Earthisthesizeofagolfballabout1
meterawayfromtheSun.
C)Earthisthesizeofapointabout15
metersawayfromtheSun.
D)Earthisthesizeofagolfballabout
15metersawayfromtheSun.
E)Earthisthesizeofamarbleabout25
milesawayfromtheSun.
WhatistheSunmainlymadeof?
B)hydrogenandhelium
A)hydrogenandoxygen
B)hydrogenandhelium
C)carbonandnitrogenD)oxygenand
carbon
E)nearlyequalportionsofallthe
elements
Whichofthefollowingissmallest?
A)sizeofatypicalplanet
A)sizeofatypicalplanet
B)1lightsecond
C)1AU
D)sizeofatypicalstar
Whichofthefollowingislargest?
A)sizeofatypicalgalaxy
A)sizeofatypicalgalaxy
B)sizeofPluto'sorbit
C)distancetotheneareststar(otherthan
ourSun)
D)1lightyear
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Onthe1to10billionscale,abouthow
farisittotheneareststarsbesidesthe
Sun?
D)4,400kilometers
A)4kilometers
B)400kilometers
C)1,000kilometers
D)4,400kilometers
E)10,000kilometers
thesizeofagrapefruit.Howfarawayare
theneareststars(thethreestarsofAlpha
Centauri)?
D)2,500miles
A)thelengthofafootballfield
B)2.5miles
C)250miles
D)2,500milesE)25,000miles
Ifweuse1millimetertorepresent1
lightyear,howlargeindiameteristhe
MilkyWayGalaxy?
B)100meters
A)100millimeters
B)100meters
C)1kilometer
D)100kilometers
E)1millionmillimeters
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Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthe
MilkyWayGalaxy?
A)aspiralgalaxywithadiskabout
100,000lightyearsindiameterand
containingbetween100billionand1
trillionstars
B)aspiralgalaxywithadiskabout1
billionkilometersindiameterand
containingbetween100millionand1
billionstars
C)aspiralgalaxywithadiskabout
containingabout100,000stars
D)asphericallyshapedcollectionof
starsincludingoursolarsystemand
aboutadozenothersolarsystems,
stretchingabout4lightyearsindiameter
E)asphericallyshapedcollectionof
about1millionstarsthatisabout100
lightyearsindiameter
Howlongwouldittaketocountallthe
starsintheMilkyWayGalaxyatarate
ofonestarpersecond?
A)aspiralgalaxywithadiskabout
containingbetween100billionand1
trillionstars
D)severalthousandyears
A)severaldays
B)severalweeks
C)severalyears
E)hundredsofthousandsofyears
Howmanygalaxiesarethereinthe
observableuniverse?
A)roughly(withinafactorof10)the
sameasthenumberofstarsinourgalaxy
A)roughly(withinafactorof10)the
sameasthenumberofstarsinourgalaxy
B)roughlyathousandtimesmorethan
thenumberofstarsinourgalaxy
C)aboutasmanyasthenumberofstars
weseeintheskywithournakedeyes
D)aboutasmanyasthenumberof
grainsofsandonallthebeachesonEarth
E)aninfinitenumber
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Ifyourepresentedeachstarbyagrainof
sand,howmuchsandwouldittaketo
representallthestarsintheuniverse?
E)morethanallthesandonallthe
beachesonEarth
A)allthesandinatypicalplayground
sandlotB)allthesandonMiamiBeach
C)allthesandonthebeachesof
California
D)allthesandonthebeachesinthe
UnitedStates
E)morethanallthesandonallthe
beachesonEarth
Onthescaleofthecosmiccalendar,in
whichthehistoryoftheuniverseis
compressedto1year,howlonghas
humancivilization(i.e.,sinceancient
Egypt)existed?
D)afewseconds
A)abouthalftheyear
B)aboutamonth
C)afewhours
D)afewseconds
E)lessthanamillionthofasecond
Onacosmiccalendar,inwhichthe
historyoftheuniverseiscompressedinto
1year,whendidthedinosaursbecome
extinct?
A)inlateDecember
A)inlateDecember
B)inlateNovember
C)inlateOctober
D)inlateSeptember
E)inlateAugust
1year,whendidKeplerandGalileofirst
discoverthatweliveonaplanetina
solarsystem?
A)1secondago
A)1secondago
B)1dayago
C)1weekago
D)December25
E)December30
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12/2/2014
oneyear,howlongistheaveragehuman
lifespan?
B)0.2second
A)0.2millisecond
B)0.2second
C)2seconds
D)2minutes
E)2hours
Approximatelyhowfastareyoumoving
withtherotationofEarth?
B)1,300km/hr
A)13,000km/hr
B)1,300km/hr
C)130km/hr
D)13km/hr
E)notmovingatall
Whatisanastronomicalunit?
C)theaveragedistancefromEarthtothe
Sun
A)theaveragespeedofEartharoundthe
Sun
B)thelengthoftimeittakesEarthto
revolvearoundtheSunC)theaverage
distancefromEarthtotheSun
D)thediameterofEarth'sorbitaround
theSun
E)anybasicunitusedinastronomy
Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout
theeclipticplaneisnottrue?
B)ItistheplaneoftheMoon'sorbit
aroundEarth.
A)ItistheplaneofEarth'sorbitaround
theSun.
B)ItistheplaneoftheMoon'sorbit
aroundEarth.
C)Duringasolareclipse,theMoonlies
intheeclipticplane.
D)Duringalunareclipse,theMoonlies
intheeclipticplane.
E)ThenodesoftheMoon'sorbitliein
theeclipticplane.
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Patternsofstarsinconstellationshardly
changeinappearanceovertimesofeven
afewthousandyears.Why?
A)Starsarefixedandnevermove.
B)Starsmove,buttheymovevery
slowlyonlyafewkilometersina
thousandyears.
C)Althoughmoststarsmovethroughthe
sky,thebrighteststarsdonot,andthese
aretheonesthattracethepatternswesee
intheconstellations.
D)Thestarsinourskyactuallymove
rapidlyrelativetousthousandsof
kilometersperhourbutaresofaraway
thatittakesalongtimeforthismotionto
makeanoticeablechangeinthepatterns
inthesky.
E)Starswithinaconstellationmove
togetherasagroup,whichtendstohide
theiractualmotionandpreventthe
patternfromchanging.
Howlongdoesittakeoursolarsystemto
completeoneorbitaroundtheMilky
WayGalaxy?
D)Thestarsinourskyactuallymove
rapidlyrelativetousthousandsof
kilometersperhourbutaresofaraway
thatittakesalongtimeforthismotionto
makeanoticeablechangeinthepatterns
inthesky.
E)230millionyears
A)10thousandyears
B)230thousandyears
C)1millionyears
D)100millionyears
E)230millionyears
Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout
theMilkyWayGalaxyisnottrue?
B)Oursolarsystemislocatedveryclose
tothecenteroftheMilkyWayGalaxy.
A)Itcontainsbetween100billionand1
trillionstars.
B)Oursolarsystemislocatedveryclose
tothecenteroftheMilkyWayGalaxy.
C)Ourviewofdistantobjectsis
obscuredbygasanddustwhenwelook
intothegalacticplane.
D)Thegalaxyisabout100,000light
yearsindiameter.
E)Onerotationofthegalaxytakesabout
200millionyears.
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Whichofthefollowingcorrectlylists
speedsfromslowesttofastest?
A)Earth'sspeedofrevolutionaboutthe
Sun,typicalspeedsofstarsinthelocal
solarneighborhoodrelativetous,Earth's
speedofrotationonitsaxis,thespeedof
oursolarsystemorbitingthecenterofthe
MilkyWayGalaxy,thespeedsofvery
distantgalaxiesrelativetous
B)Earth'sspeedofrotationonitsaxis,
Earth'sspeedofrevolutionabouttheSun,
typicalspeedsofstarsinthelocalsolar
neighborhoodrelativetous,thespeedof
C)thespeedsofverydistantgalaxies
relativetous,typicalspeedsofstarsin
thelocalsolarneighborhoodrelativeto
us,Earth'sspeedofrotationonitsaxis,
thespeedofoursolarsystemorbitingthe
centeroftheMilkyWayGalaxy
D)thespeedofoursolarsystemorbiting
thecenteroftheMilkyWayGalaxy,
Earth'sspeedofrotationonitsaxis,the
speedsofverydistantgalaxiesrelativeto
us,typicalspeedsofstarsinthelocal
solarneighborhoodrelativetous
E)Earth'sspeedofrevolutionaboutthe
Sun,Earth'sspeedofrotationonitsaxis,
thespeedofoursolarsystemorbitingthe
centeroftheMilkyWayGalaxy,typical
speedsofstarsinthelocalsolar
neighborhoodrelativetous,thespeedsof
verydistantgalaxiesrelativetous
B)Earth'sspeedofrotationonitsaxis,
typicalspeedsofstarsinthelocalsolar
neighborhoodrelativetous,thespeedof
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MostofthemassintheMilkyWay
Galaxyislocated
A)inthehalo(above/belowthedisk).
A)inthehalo(above/belowthedisk).
B)withinthedisk.
C)inthestarsinthespiralarms.
D)inthegasanddust.
E)inthecentralbulgeofthegalaxy.
ThedistributionofthemassoftheMilky
WayGalaxyisdeterminedby
D)studyingtherotationofthegalaxy.
A)countingthenumberofstars.
B)determiningtheamountofgasand
dust.
C)studyinghowstarsaredistributedin
theMilkyWay.
D)studyingtherotationofthegalaxy.
E)weighingvariouspartsoftheMilky
Way.
Fromthefactthatvirtuallyeverygalaxy
ismovingawayfromusandmoredistant
galaxiesaremovingawayfromusata
fasterratethancloserones,weconclude
that
D)theuniverseisexpanding.
A)theMilkyWayGalaxyisexpanding.
B)wearelocatedatthecenterofthe
universe.
C)thefarthestgalaxieswilleventuallybe
movingfasterthanthespeedoflight.
D)theuniverseisexpanding.E)the
universeisshrinking.
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Bystudyingdistantgalaxiesinthe1920s,
Hubblemadethefollowingimportant
discoverythatledustoconcludethatthe
universeisexpanding:
C)allgalaxiesoutsidetheLocalGroup
aremovingawayfromus,andthefarther
awaytheyare,thefasterthey'regoing.
A)allgalaxiescontainbillionsofstars,
andallgalaxieshavespiralshapes.
B)allgalaxieswerebornatthesame
time,andallwilldieatthesametime.
C)allgalaxiesoutsidetheLocalGroup
aremovingawayfromus,andthefarther
awaytheyare,thefasterthey'regoing.
D)allgalaxiesoutsidetheLocalGroup
areorbitingtheLocalGroup.
E)allgalaxiesoutsidetheLocalGroup
aremovingawayfromus,andallare
movingawayatnearlythesamespeed.
Imaginethatweputaraisincakeintothe
oven,witheachraisinseparatedfromthe
othersby1cm.Anhourlater,wetakeit
outandthedistancesbetweenraisinsare
3cm.Ifyoulivedinoneoftheraisins
andwatchedtheotherraisinsasthecake
expanded,whichofthefollowingwould
youconclude?
B)Moredistantraisinswouldbemoving
awayfromyoufaster.
A)Allraisinswouldbemovingaway
fromyouatthesamespeed.
B)Moredistantraisinswouldbemoving
awayfromyoufaster.
C)Moredistantraisinswouldbemoving
awayfromyoumoreslowly.
D)Itdepends:Ifyoulivedinaraisin
neartheedgeofthecake,you'dseeother
raisinsmovingawayfromyou,butthey'd
becomingtowardyouifyoulivedina
raisinnearthecenterofthecake.
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Whichscientistsplayedamajorrolein
overturningtheancientideaofanEarth
centereduniverse,andaboutwhen?
A)Copernicus,Kepler,andGalileo
about400yearsago
A)Copernicus,Kepler,andGalileo
about400yearsago
B)AristotleandCopernicusabout400
yearsago
C)NewtonandEinsteinabout100years
ago
D)HuygensandNewtonabout300
yearsago
E)AristotleandPlatoabout2,000years
ago
Whichofthefollowingisnotageneral
differencebetweenaplanetandastar?
C)Allplanetsaremadeofrockandall
starsaremadeofgas.
A)Planetsaresmallerthanstars.
B)Planetsaredimmerthanstars.
C)Allplanetsaremadeofrockandall
starsaremadeofgas.
D)Planetsorbitstars,whilestarsorbit
thecenterofthegalaxy.
Oursolarsystemconsistsof________.
A)theSunandalltheobjectsthatorbit
it.
A)theSunandalltheobjectsthatorbit
it.
B)theSunandtheplanets,andnothing
else
C)afewhundredbillionstars,bound
togetherbygravity
D)theSunandseveralnearbystars,as
wellastheplanetsandotherobjectsthat
orbitthesestars
Atypicalgalaxyisa________.
A)collectionofafewhundredmillionto
atrillionormorestars,boundtogetherby
gravity
B)large,glowingballofgaspoweredby
nuclearenergy
C)nearbyobjectorbitingaplanet
D)relativelysmall,icyobjectorbitinga
star
A)collectionofafewhundredmillionto
atrillionormorestars,boundtogetherby
gravity
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Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes
whatwemeanbytheuniverse?
A)thesumtotalofallmatterandenergy
A)thesumtotalofallmatterandenergy
B)avastcollectionofstarsthatnumber
asmanyasthegrainsofsandonallthe
beachesonEarth
C)allthegalaxiesinallthesuperclusters
D)Theuniverseisanothernameforour
MilkyWayGalaxy.
WhatdoastronomersmeanbytheBig
Bang?
A)theeventthatmarkedthebeginning
oftheexpansionoftheuniverse
A)theeventthatmarkedthebeginning
oftheexpansionoftheuniverse
B)agiganticexplosionthatblewallthe
galaxiesintheuniversetosmithereens
C)theexplosionofamassivestaratthe
endofitslife
D)theeventthatmarkedthebirthofour
solarsystem
Whatdowemeanwhenwesaythatthe
universeisexpanding?
D)Averagedistancesbetweengalaxies
areincreasingwithtime.
A)Everythingintheuniverseis
graduallygrowinginsize.
B)Withingalaxies,averagedistances
betweenstarsystemsareincreasingwith
time.
C)Thestatementisnotmeanttobe
literalrather,itmeansthatour
knowledgeoftheuniverseisgrowing.
D)Averagedistancesbetweengalaxies
areincreasingwithtime.
Basedonobservationsoftheuniversal
expansion,theageoftheuniverseis
about________.
C)14billionyears
A)14,000years
B)14millionyears
C)14billionyears
D)14trillionyears
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Atelevisionadvertisementclaimingthat
aproductislightyearsaheadofitstime
doesnotmakesensebecause________.
B)ituses"lightyears"totalkabouttime,
butalightyearisaunitofdistance
A)itdoesn'tspecifythenumberoflight
years
B)ituses"lightyears"totalkabouttime,
butalightyearisaunitofdistance
C)alightyearisanastronomicallylarge
unit,soaproductcouldnotpossiblybe
soadvanced
D)lightyearscanonlybeusedtotalk
aboutlight
Thetermobservableuniverserefersto
________.
D)thatportionoftheuniversethatwe
canseeinprinciple,giventhecurrentage
oftheuniverse
A)thatportionoftheuniversethatwe
havesofarphotographedthrough
telescopes
B)theportionoftheuniversethatcanbe
seenbythenakedeye
C)theportionoftheuniversethatisnot
hiddenfromviewby,forexample,being
belowthehorizon
D)thatportionoftheuniversethatwe
canseeinprinciple,giventhecurrentage
oftheuniverse
Onascaleinwhichthedistancefrom
EarthtotheSunisabout15meters,the
distancefromEarthtotheMoonis
________.
A)smallenoughtofitwithinyourhand
A)smallenoughtofitwithinyourhand
B)about1meter
C)about5meters
D)about30meters
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OnascalewheretheSunisaboutthe
sizeofagrapefruitandtheEarthisabout
15metersaway,howfarawayarethe
neareststarsbesidestheSun?
D)aboutthedistanceacrosstheUnited
States
A)100meters
B)aboutthedistanceacross50football
fields
C)aboutthedistanceacrossthestateof
Delaware
D)aboutthedistanceacrosstheUnited
States
ThenumberofstarsintheMilkyWay
Galaxyisapproximately________.
C)afewhundredbillion
A)afewhundred
B)afewhundredthousand
C)afewhundredbillion
D)afewhundredmillion
Anastronomicalunit(AU)is________.
B)theaveragedistancebetweenEarth
andtheSun
A)anyverylargeunit,suchasalight
year
B)theaveragedistancebetweenEarth
andtheSun
C)thecurrentdistancebetweenEarth
andtheSun
D)theaveragedistancebetweenany
planetandtheSun
Whatistheeclipticplane?
A)theplaneofEarth'sorbitaroundthe
Sun
A)theplaneofEarth'sorbitaroundthe
Sun
B)theplaneofEarth'sequator
C)theplaneoftheSun'sequator
D)theplaneoftheMilkyWayGalaxy
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HowlongdoesittaketheEarthto
completeoneorbitaroundtheSun?
A)oneyear
A)oneyear
B)oneday
C)onemonth
D)oneweek
E)ThetimeittakesEarthtoorbitthe
Sunchangessignificantlyfromoneorbit
tothenext.
1)Whichofthefollowinghasyour
"cosmicaddress"inthecorrectorder?
B)You,Earth,solarsystem,MilkyWay
Galaxy,LocalGroup,Local
Supercluster,universe.
A)You,Earth,solarsystem,Local
Group,LocalSupercluster,MilkyWay
Galaxy,universe.
B)You,Earth,solarsystem,MilkyWay
Galaxy,LocalGroup,Local
C)You,Earth,LocalGroup,Local
Supercluster,solarsystem,MilkyWay
Galaxy,universe
D)You,Earth,solarsystem,Local
Group,MilkyWayGalaxy,Local
E)You,Earth,MilkyWayGalaxy,solar
system,LocalGroup,LocalSupercluster,
universe
Usingtheideasdiscussedinyour
textbook,inwhatsensearewe"star
stuff"?
madewasonceinsideofastar.
A)Theoverallchemicalcompositionof
ourbodiesisaboutthesameasthatof
stars.
B)Moviestarsandotherpeopleareall
madeofthesamestuff,soweallhave
thepotentialtobefamous.
madewasonceinsideofastar.
D)Wecouldnotsurvivewithoutlight
fromourstar,theSun.
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Howaregalaxiesimportanttoour
existence?
D)Galaxiesrecyclematerialfromone
generationofstarstothenext,and
withoutthisrecyclingwecouldnotexist.
A)Withoutgalaxies,therecouldnot
havebeenaBigBang.
B)Withoutgalaxies,theuniversecould
notbeexpanding.
C)Deepintheircenters,galaxiescreated
theelementsfromwhichwearemade.
D)Galaxiesrecyclematerialfromone
generationofstarstothenext,and
withoutthisrecyclingwecouldnotexist.
Whenwelookatanobjectthatis1,000
lightyearsawayweseeit________.
A)asitwas1,000yearsago
A)asitwas1,000yearsago
B)asitwas1,000lightyearsago
C)asitisrightnow,butitappears1,000
timesdimmer
D)lookingjustthesameasourancestors
wouldhaveseenit1,000yearsago
upposewelookattwodistantgalaxies:
Galaxy1istwiceasfarawayasGalaxy
2.Inthatcase,________.
B)weareseeingGalaxy1asitlookedat
anearliertimeinthehistoryofthe
universethanGalaxy2
A)Galaxy1mustbetwiceasbigas
Galaxy2
B)weareseeingGalaxy1asitlookedat
anearliertimeinthehistoryofthe
universethanGalaxy2
C)weareseeingGalaxy1asitlookedat
alatertimeinthehistoryoftheuniverse
thanGalaxy2
D)Galaxy2mustbetwiceasoldas
Galaxy1
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Supposewemakeascalemodelofour
solarsystem,withtheSunthesizeofa
grapefruit.Whichofthefollowingbest
describeswhattheplanetswouldlook
like?
A)Theplanetsareallmuchsmallerthan
theSun.Fourplanetsarewithinabout20
metersoftheSun,whiletherestplanets
arespreadmuchfartherapart.
A)Theplanetsareallmuchsmallerthan
theSun.Fourplanetsarewithinabout20
metersoftheSun,whiletherestplanets
arespreadmuchfartherapart.
B)Theplanetsareallmuchsmallerthan
theSunandarespreadoutevenlyovera
distanceaboutthelengthofalarge
classroom.
C)Theplanetsareallmuchsmallerthan
theSun.Fourplanetsarelocatedwithina
fewcentimetersoftheSun,andfour
planetsarelocatedatdistancesranging
uptoaboutameter.
D)Theplanetsrangeinsizefromabout
thesizeofamarbletothesizeofa
baseball.Theyarespreadoutovera
regionaboutthesizeofafootballfield.
Ifyoucouldcountstarsatarateofabout
onepersecond,howlongwouldittake
tocountallthestarsintheMilkyWay
Galaxy?
A)severaldays
B)severalweeks
C)severalyears
Thetotalnumberofstarsinthe
observableuniverseisabout________.
C)thesameasthenumberofgrainsof
sandonallthebeachesonEarth
A)100billion
B)thesameasthenumberofgrainsof
sandinaschoolsandbox
C)thesameasthenumberofgrainsof
sandonallthebeachesonEarth
D)thesameasthenumberofatomsthat
makeuptheEarth
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Whereisoursolarsystemlocatedwithin
theMilkyWayGalaxy?
C)roughlyhalfwaybetweenthecenter
andtheedgeofthevisiblediskofthe
galaxy
A)verynearthecenterofthegalaxy
B)atthefaredgeofthegalaxy'svisible
disk
C)roughlyhalfwaybetweenthecenter
andtheedgeofthevisiblediskofthe
galaxy
D)inthehaloofthegalaxy
Ifweimaginethehistoryoftheuniverse
compressedintooneyear,dinosaurs
becameextinct________.
C)yesterdaymorning
A)about6monthsago
B)about3weeksago
C)yesterdaymorning
D)aboutanhourago
Relativetotheageoftheuniverse,how
oldisoursolarsystem?
C)Itisaboutonethirdtheageofthe
universe.
A)Itisabout1%asoldastheuniverse.
B)Itisbetweenabout5%and10%as
oldastheuniverse.
C)Itisaboutonethirdtheageofthe
universe.
D)Itisnearlythesameageasthe
universe.
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Howdothespeedsatwhichweare
movingwithEarth'srotationandorbit
comparetothespeedsofmorefamiliar
objects?
A)Earth'srotationcarriesmostpeople
aroundtheaxisfasterthanacommercial
jettravels,andEarth'sorbitcarriesus
aroundtheSunfasterthantheSpace
ShuttleorbitsEarth.
A)Earth'srotationcarriesmostpeople
aroundtheaxisfasterthanacommercial
jettravels,andEarth'sorbitcarriesus
aroundtheSunfasterthantheSpace
ShuttleorbitsEarth.
B)Earth'srotationcarriesmostpeople
aroundtheaxisataboutthespeedofa
commercialjet,andEarth'sorbitcarries
usaroundtheSunataboutthespeedofa
militaryjet.
C)Earth'srotationcarriesmostpeople
aroundtheaxisataboutthespeedofa
caronthefreeway,andEarth'sorbit
carriesusaroundtheSunataboutthe
speedofacommercialjet.
D)Earth'srotationcarriesmostpeople
aroundtheaxisataboutthespeedat
whichtheSpaceShuttleorbitsEarth,and
Earth'sorbitcarriesusaroundtheSunat
nearlythespeedoflight.
Whydothepatternsofthestarsinour
skylookthesamefromyeartoyear?
A)becausethestarsintheconstellations
aresofaraway
A)becausethestarsintheconstellations
aresofaraway
B)becausethestarsintheconstellations
arenotmoving
C)becausethestarsintheconstellations
allmoveatthesamespeedsandinthe
samedirections,sotheydon'tchange
theirrelativepositions
D)becausethestarsintheconstellations
movesoslowlytypicallyaboutthespeed
ofasnailthattheirmotionsarenot
noticeable.
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Astronomersinferthattheuniverseis
expandingbecausedistantgalaxiesall
appearto________.
B)bemovingawayfromus,withmore
distantonesmovingfaster
A)growinginsize
B)bemovingawayfromus,withmore
distantonesmovingfaster
C)bemademostlyofdarkmatter
D)rotaterapidly
Whichstatementaboutmotioninthe
universeisnottrue?
A)Themysteriousdarkmatteristhe
fastestmovingmaterialintheuniverse.
A)Themysteriousdarkmatteristhe
fastestmovingmaterialintheuniverse.
B)SomestarsintheMilkyWayGalaxy
aremovingtowardusandothersare
movingawayfromus.
C)Exceptforafewnearbygalaxies,all
othergalaxiesaremovingawayfromus.
D)YourspeedofrotationaroundEarth's
axisisfasterifyouliveneartheequator
thanifyouliveneartheNorthPole.
WhendidhumanslearnthattheEarthis
notthecenteroftheuniverse?
A)withinthepast500years
A)withinthepast500years
B)about2,500yearsago
C)about1,000yearsago
D)Wehaven'tthereisstillconsiderable
scientificdebateaboutwhetherEarthis
thecenteroftheuniverse.
Oursolarsystemislocatedinthecenter
oftheMilkyWayGalaxy.
False
Thesolarsystemcontainsabout100
billionstars.
False
Atypicalsuperclustercontainsnomore
thanabout10,000stars.
False
4)Onelightyearisabout10trillion
kilometers.
True
Inthegrapefruitmodelofthesolar
system,itwouldtakeafewminutesto
walkfromtheSuntotheinneredgeof
theKuiperBelt(Pluto).
True
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Theobservableuniverseisthesamesize
todayasitwasafewbillionyearsago.
False
TheMilkyWayismovingfurtheraway
frommostothergalaxiesintheUniverse.
True
NogalaxiesexistedbeforetheBigBang.
True
Voyager2shouldreachtheneareststars
(besidestheSun)inabout500years.
False
Earthisalwaysprecisely1AUfromthe
Sun.
False
Brieflyexplainwhatwemeanbythe
statement"Thefartherawaywelookin
distance,thefurtherbackwelookin
time."
Itmeansthatwhenwelookatadistant
object,weseeitasitwassometimein
thepast,ratherthanasitisnow.Thisis
becausethelightweseehastakentime
totravelfromtheobjecttous.
StartingfromtheBigBang,briefly
explainhowoursolarsystemcameto
containthechemicalelementsnecessary
tomakeEarthandlivingorganisms.
TheBigBangproducedhydrogenand
helium.Overtime,starshaveconverted
about2percentofthismaterialinto
heavierelements,includingallthe
elementsofwhichweandEarthare
made.Starsexpelthismaterialthrough
windsandexplosions,andthegalaxy
recyclesitintonewgenerationsofstars.
Whenanewstarsystemforms,it
thereforecontainstheingredientsneeded
tomakeplanetsandlivingorganisms.
Brieflyexplainwhyanexpanding
universeimpliesabeginning(calleda
BigBang).
Thefactthattheuniverseisexpanding
meanstheaveragedistancebetween
galaxiesisgrowing,whichimpliesthat
thisaveragedistancewassmallerinthe
past.Extrapolatingbackintime,there
musthavebeenatimewhenthedistance
betweengalaxies(ortheirprecursors)
waszero,whichmustbethebeginningof
theuniverse.
Considerthefollowingstatement,and
explainwhetherornotitissensible:
NASAhopestobuildanewtelescope
thatwillallowustosee100million
lightyearsintothepast.
Notsensible:Ituseslightyearsasa
lengthoftime.
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NASAhopestobuildanewtelescope
thatwillallowustoseesomegalaxiesas
theyappeared8billionyearsago.
Sensible:Bylookingtoadistanceof8
billionlightyears,wecanseeobjectsas
theylooked8billionyearsago.
explainwhetherornotitissensible:The
universeisbetween10and16billion
lightyearsold.
Thisstatementdoesnotmakesense
becauseitusesthetermlightyearasa
lengthoftime,ratherthanasadistance.
explainwhetherornotitissensible:It
willtakemelightyearstocompletethis
homeworkassignment.
Thisstatementdoesnotmakesense
becauseitusesthetermlightyearasa
lengthoftime,ratherthanasadistance.
Somedaywemaybuildspaceships
capableoftravelingataspeedof1light
secondperhour.
Thisstatementisfine.Alightsecondis
300,000kilometers,soitsimplysaysthat
we'llsomedaybuildspaceshipsthatcan
travelataspeedof300,000km/hr.
BrieflyexplainhowtheSungenerates
energy.
TheSungeneratesenergythrough
nuclearfusioninitscore,converting
hydrogenintohelium.Thisprocess
releasesenergybecauseasmallamount
ofthemassofthehydrogenisconverted
toenergy.
Explainwhyitissodifficulttosee
planetsaroundotherstars.
Planetsareveryfaintcomparedtothe
starstheyorbit.Moreover,theyarevery
closetotheirparentstarcomparedtothe
distancebetweenstars.Onthe1to10
billionscale,wheretheSunisthesizeof
agrapefruitandEarthisapinheadabout
15metersway,theneareststarisseveral
thousandkilometersaway.Together,this
makesitextremelydifficultto
distinguishthefaintlightofaplanetfrom
thestaritorbits.(Nevertheless,massive
Jupiterlikeplanetshavebeenindirectly
detectedorbitingaroundnearbystars.)
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Basedontheideaof"spaceshipEarth,"
writeoneortwoparagraphsexplaining
whyitisnotthecasethatweare"just
sittinghere."
Farfromjustsittingstill,weonEarthare
movingrelativetotheSun,planets,stars,
andevenothergalaxies.Therotationof
Earthcausesthemostnoticeablechanges
inthesky.ThismotionaroundEarth's
axiscausestheSunandstarstoappearto
riseandset,producingwhatwecalla
"day."TherevolutionofEarthaboutthe
Sunproducesthemonthlychangesofthe
constellations,theseasonalweather
changesduetoEarth'stilt,andthe
parallaxofsomestars.Theprecessionof
Earth'saxis,averyslowmovementthat
hasaperiodof26,000years,causesthe
movementoftheNorthStar,andthe
changingpositionoftheequinoxesand
solstices.
ThemotionoftheSunrelativetothe
starsinthelocalsolarneighborhoodisat
anextremelyfastspeed,althoughbarely
noticeable.Overtime,thismovement
causesthepatternsofthestarsinthesky
tochange.Therotationofthegalaxy
meansthattheentiresolarsystemisalso
orbitingthecenteroftheMilkyWay.
Thisalsoproducesmotionsofstarsand
cloudsofgas.Theexpansionofthe
universe,thefactthatthespacebetween
mostgalaxiesisincreasingwithtime,
meansthatalmostallgalaxiesoutsidethe
LocalGrouparemovingawayfromus,
withthemoredistantonesmovingaway
faster.Allofthesemotions,althoughnot
feltbyusonEarth,areobservedby
watchingtheskyandprovethatweare
not"justsittinghere."
Earthisalwaysprecisely1AUfromthe
Sun.
Notsensible:OneAUistheaverage
distancebetweenEarthandtheSun.
27/27

ASTR 102 - TEST - MC01 & SA&TF Flashcards - Quizlet

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ASTR 102 - TEST - MC01 & SA&TF

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