People v Vera

FACTS:
Cu Unjieng was convicted by the trial court in Manila. He filed for reconsideration which was
elevated to the SC and the SC remanded the appeal to the lower court for a new trial. While awaiting new
trial, he appealed for probation alleging that the he is innocent of the crime he was convicted of. Judge
Tuason of the Manila CFI directed the appeal to the Insular Probation Office. The IPO denied the
application. However, Judge Vera upon another request by petitioner allowed the petition to be set for
hearing. The City Prosecutor countered alleging that Vera has no power to place Cu Unjieng under
probation because it is in violation of Sec. 11 Act No. 4221 which provides that the act of Legislature
granting provincial boards the power to provide a system of probation to convicted person. Nowhere in
the law is stated that the law is applicable to a city like Manila because it is only indicated therein that
only provinces are covered. And even if Manila is covered by the law it is unconstitutional because Sec 1
Art 3 of the Constitution provides equal protection of laws. The said law provides absolute discretion to
provincial boards and this also constitutes undue delegation of power. Further, the said probation law may
be an encroachment of the power of the executive to provide pardon because providing probation, in
effect, is granting freedom, as in pardon.
ISSUE:
Whether or not there is undue delegation of power.
HELD:
The act of granting probation is not the same as pardon. In fact it is limited and is in a way an
imposition of penalty. There is undue delegation of power because there is no set standard provided by
Congress on how provincial boards must act in carrying out a system of probation. The provincial boards
are given absolute discretion which is violative of the constitution and the doctrine of the non delegability
of power. Further, it is a violation of equity so protected by the constitution. The challenged section of Act
No. 4221 in section 11 which reads as follows: This Act shall apply only in those provinces in which
the respective provincial boards have provided for the salary of a probation officer at rates not
lower than those now provided for provincial fiscals. Said probation officer shall be appointed by
the Secretary of Justice and shall be subject to the direction of the Probation Office. This only means
that only provinces that can provide appropriation for a probation officer may have a system of probation
within their locality. This would mean to say that convicts in provinces where no probation officer is
instituted may not avail of their right to probation.