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Migration of Kambojas
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Etymology
Kamboja Kingdom
Kamboja Location
in Indian Literature
Mahabharata
Panini
Manusmrti
Kautiliya
Migrations
Bengal
Sri Lanka
Cambodia
References to Kambojas abound in ancient literature, and this may have been just the expansion of an Indo-Iranian tribe with
both Indic and Persian affinities from their homeland in the present-day Afghanistan-Pakistan region along the foothills of the
Himalayas towards Bengal, along the coast to Gujarat, to Sri Lanka, and possibly further to Cambodia.
Contents
[hide]
1 Kambojas, Sakas etc enter Indian Mainland
1.1 Military defeats1.2 The Kambojas in Mathura
1.2.1 King Moga or Maues: Probably a Scythianised Kamboj king
1.3 The Kambojas in West/Southwest India1.4 The Kambojas in South India1.5 Kambojas in Tibet and Bengal
2 Kambojas in Sri Lanka3 Kambojas in Indochina4 References5 Recommended reading6 See also
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Silver coin depicting the "Yavana" Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I of Bactria (r.c. 205-171 BCE), invader of India around 180
BCE.
Obv. Draped and wearing an elephant scalp, symbol of his conquest of India.
Rev. Youthful, naked Heracles,
crowning himself with right hand, with lion skin and upright club
resting on his left arm. Greek legend: BASILEOS DIMITRIOU "King
Demetrius".
The above referred to statement from Vana Parava of Mahabharata, couched as it is in the form of prophecy in true puranic style,
alludes to a historical situation (second/first century BC downwards) which followed the collapse of Maurya and Sunga dynasties
in North India [17].
That the Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas etc indeed became rulers and masters of the earth (Aryan India) in Kaliyuga (post Mauryan
era) is also attested from the Kalki Purana where a short dialogue between the Dharma and the Kalki (king Pramati or
Chandragupta II Vikramaditya per V. S. Aggarwal) [18] [19],
woefully deplores the forced occupation of the earth (Indian mainland)
by the unrighteous rulers of the Kambojas, Sakas, Savaras, Mlecchas,
Barbaras etc who are blamed to have spread adharma and chaos all around
[20].
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Jayswal writes: "Mathura was under outlandish people like the Yavanas and Kambojas... who had a special mode of fighting"
[36].
Shashi Asthana comments: "Epic Mahabharata refers to the siege of Mathura by the Yavanas and Kambojas" [37] [38].
According to Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona: "Mahabharata reference mentions the Yavanas-Kambojas as
settled in the outlying parts of Mathura city" [39] [40].
The following verse from Mahabharata composed around the beginning of Christian era strongly attests the Kambojas and
Yavanas in control of Mathura:
tatha Yavana Kamboja Mathuram.abhitash cha ye.|ete ashava.yuddha.kushaladasinatyasi charminah.|| 5 || [41].
The Mathura Lion Capital discovered in 1896 from Saptarsi mound in the south-eastern part of Mathura city housed in the British
Museum, London, contains an epigraph in Kharoshthi characters which refers, among others, to Yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuio and
Aiyasi Kamuia, the chief queen of the Great Satrap (Mahakshatrapa) Rajuvula. After fresh and thorough critical review of Mathura
Lion Capital inscriptions, S. Konow has arrived at results and conclusions which are different from the earlier scholars.
According to Konow's findings, Rajuvula's chief queen was Aiyasi Kamuia who was the daughter of Yuvaraja Kharaostas, himself
also a Kamuia.
By rigorous linguistic analysis, Konow has also established that name Kamuia/Kamuio of Lion Capital inscriptions is the
Kharoshthised form of Sanskrit Kamboja, Kambojaka or Kambuja [42] [43] [44].
See Main Article "Kamuia"
Thus, there is both literary as well as inscriptional evidence which amply attests the presence of ancient Kambojas in Mathura.
See also: [3] (India and Central Asia) and [4] (Yona)
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Some scholars insist that Moga or Maues was of Saka extractions, but
there is absolutely no definitive evidence so far to link Moga to Saka
ethnicity. Scholars link Moga to the Sakas merely based on his
so-called Saka-sounding names like Moa, Maua, Maues, Muki or Mevake etc which are said to be variants of Scythian name
'Mauakes', 'Mauekes' or 'Mauaces' [52] [53] [54]. This Saka-name criteria is not a very convincing reasoning to identify king
Maues as of Saka extractions.
As is well known, during few centuries preceding the Christian era, there had occurred extensive social and cultural admixture
among the Kambojas and Yavanas; the Sakas and Pahlavas;
and the Kambojas, Sakas, and Pahlavas. ... such that their cultures and
social customs had become almost identical. The culture of Kambojas was
modified as a result of their contacts, first with the Yavanas and
later, it went further modification as a result of their contacts with
the Sakas and Pahlavas etc [55].
This extensive social and cultural admixture due to time and space
proximity had led to adoption of similar customs, dress mode, language
and social manners among the various frontier peoples of north-west.
While ruling over middle and lower Indus valley--Drangiana and
Archosia--, both the Sakas and Pahlavas were closely associated and no
wonder it is not always possible to distinguish them apart. The close
association of the Sakas and Pahlavas etc in this period is
demonstrable from various sources and it is highly probable that the
tribes from eastern Iran invading or entering India contained diverse
elements including Iranians [56]. It
is therefore, little more than a convenient nomenclature which labels
the princes of the family of Maues as Sakas and those of the family of
Vonones as Pahlavas [57].
Thus, we see that the identification of Maues as Saka prince is merely
a CONJECTURE and is based simply on so-called SAKA-SOUNDING names which
is no conclusive evidence at all. If one accepts above argument, then
how to explain surname Kamuia used after the names of king Moga's family members? Is Kamuia also attested as a clan name
among the ancient Sakas/Scythians anywhere? The answer is simply no [58].
As stated before, there is no unanimity on the ethnicity of king Moga and his family.
Scholars like V. A. Smith say that he was a Parthian king[59] [60]. H. A Rose also agrees with Smith and regards king Maues as
an Indo-Parthian king [61]. Chandra Chakravarti, though accepts Kamuia as Kambojika or Kambojika, regards Moga as of
Parthian ethnicity [62]. Others say that he was Saka
king. S. Konow and some later scholars like R K. Mukerjee, J.L. Kamboj,
K. S. Dardi and others following Konow think that king Moga belonged to
the Kambojika or Kambuja ethnicity.
According to Thomas, the epigraphs of Mathura Lion Capital exhibit a mixture of Saka and Persian nomenclature. This tells us
that Aiyasi Kamuia and Kharaosta Kamuio were from the Persian/Iranian denominations hence more likely from Kamboja
ethnicity.
" The nomenclature of the early Sakas in India shows an admixture of Scythian, Parthian and Iranian elements. .... " [63].
Even the northern Kshatrapas are stated to be of mixed Saka/Persian ethnicities.
Thomas: " It would seem probable that the tribes from eastern Iran who had invaded India included diverse elements mingled
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The second most referenced ethnic group following the Aryan Kambojas
in the ancient epigraphic inscriptions of Anuradhapura are the (Dravidian) Damedas or Tamils. Term Dameda occurs in five
inscriptions. Term Milaka (Mlechcha) referring to the Aborigines of the island i.e the Veddas, occurs twice. Other three terms
Muridi (=Murinda?), Meraya (Maurya?) and Jhavaka each occurs only once.
There is no reference to the name Sinhala as such, in any of these ancient inscriptions. The first ever reference to Sinhala is noted
in 5th century Dipavamsa and then in 6th century Mahavamas. This proves that the Sinhala identity for the majority Sinhlese
speaking Aryan population had evolved much later, down the road.
The above inscriptional and literary evidence shows that the Kamboja
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Coup of 1970
199293 UNTAC
Timeline
Quote
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RequestforHelpforChennaiFloodRelief
Guest guest
Dear Sreenadhji,
It is nice that you sent these two links so that the members can have a look at them. You might have noticed that various sources
have been quoted in these articles but no serious attempt has been made to offer a chronological perspective. Chronologically,
Guests
as seen from the Mahabharata, Ramayana and the puranic sources, the Kambojas were originally from India. They moved out of
India and later on they re-entered India.
Secondly there were Kamboja and Parama-Kamboja and the locations of both should be identified.
Thirdly the statements that Madri was from the Madradesha or from Uttara-Madra and also that she was a Vahlika princess
(Vahliki) and that the Kambojas resided in Vahlika desha are to yet be reconciled.
Regards,
Dear All, The following write is from: http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Migration_ of_Kambojas Love and
regards,Sreenadh============ ========= ========= ======
Migration of Kambojas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Etymology
Kamboja Kingdom
Kamboja Location
in Indian Literature
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Panini
Manusmrti
Kautiliya
Migrations
Bengal
Sri Lanka
Cambodia
Contents[hide]
Guest guest
Quote
Dear Sunil Bhattacharjya ji, If the Kambojas - * Are from Kamboja in Russia (from Central Asia) with enough archaeological
evidence to prove the same. * Speak the language Galccha (a language of indo-europian language family with too many sanskrit
similar words) * Migrated to India through Gujrat (Western cost of india) and Kalinga (Orissa; eastern cost of india) upto Srilanka *
Worshiped Hindu gods including Siva, Mitra and the Tantric godes. * Were a kshetriya/rajaput tribe with much antiquity. * They
Guests
had good astrological, astronomical and tantric knowledge and tradition Then it can solve many of the historical puzzles that we
encounter in our study. Let us consider some more relevant questions- * Why 6th century Mihira who revised indian astrology
was of Saka dipa origin? (Kamboja connection) * Why the 15th century astrologers like Nrisimha Daivajna and family who reenergized indian astrology lived in Golagrama near Pratishtrana in Salivahana kingdom in Maharashtra/Karnataka? (Again a
Kamboja connection?) * Why the ancient non-vedic rishi horas (such as skanda hora, brihat prajapatya etc) are still written in
Sanskrit (an Indo Europian language) even though they don't seems to have much connection with the Vedic tropical astrological
tradition? (Aganin a Kamboja Sanskrit like language connection?) There could be numerous similar other questions as well. The
point I want to emphasis is that such a proposal and connected study might well be able to point to the origin of the Tantric
culture and the source of some unique knowledge (unconnected to vedas) that spread in India during the ancient past. (Actually
Kambojans are also Indians, since the the Jambu Dipa and Hindu religion covered and existed in almost the whole of Asia during
the ancient past). It seems that a major secret and answer hides in the story of Kambojas. This is the very reason I became
interested in those articles. It also seems that there is much evidence already collected by many about the Kamboja culture and
connection. Love and regards,Sreenadh , Sunil Bhattacharjya <sunil_bhattacharjya wrote:>> Dear Sreenadhji,> > It is nice that
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Guest guest
Quote
Dear Sunil Bhattacharjya ji, Here is a small and interesting paragraph I found in net about the Kambojas ================================BUDDHA
TO VISAKHA: "Suppose that one were to exercise kingship, rule, &
sovereignty over these sixteen great lands replete with the seven
Guests
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Guest guest
Quote
ancient Kshatriya tribe of the north-western parts of the Indian subcontinent and what is now Afghanistan, frequently mentioned
in ancient texts, although not in the Rig Veda. They apparently belong to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family.
Kamboja was ancient name of a country and the tribe settled therein. ...
Kamboja (or Kambuja) is the name of an
ancient Indo-Iranian tribe of Indo-European family, believed to be
located originally in Pamirs and Badakshan in Central Asia. ...
The Kambojas peoples are referenced in
numerous Sanskrit and Pali literature including Sama Veda, Atharvaveda,
Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas, Kautiliyas Arthashastra, Yasakas
Nirukata, Buddhist Jatakas, Jaina Canons, ancient grammar books and
plays etc. ...
References to Kambojas abound in
ancient literature, and this may have been just the expansion of an
Indo-Iranian tribe with both Persian and Indic affinities from their
homeland in the Afghanistan-Turkistan region along the foothills of the
Himalayas towards Bengal, along the coast to Gujarat, to Sri Lanka...
The profession of breeding,
domesticating, training and utilizing the horses in warfare had
originated in the vast Steppes of Central Asia. ...
The Ashvakas or Ashvakans are very
ancient people of north-east Afghanistan (Nuristan), modern Pakistan,
including the Chitral-Valley and north-west India . ...
Pini () was an
ancient Sanskrit grammarian born in Shaltura, modern Lahur of
North-West Frontier province of Pakistan. ...
The Manusmriti (Sanskrit
), translated Laws of Manu is a foundational
work of Hindu law and ancient Indian society, written c. ...
Ancient Sanskrit literature reveals
that like the Madras/Uttara Madras and the Kurus/Uttara Kurus, the
ancient Kambojas also had, at least two settlements. ...
For the Bollywood film of the same name see Kshatriya Kshatriya (Hindi:
, from Sanskrit: , ) is one of the four varnas, or castes, in Hinduism.
....
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Main article: Ethnicity of Kambojas Numerous classical sources indicate that ancient Kamboja was a center of Iranian civilization.
[19] This is evident from the Mazdean religious customs of the ancient Kambojas,[20] as well as from the Avestan language they
spoke.[21] Kamboja was ancient name of a country and the tribe settled therein. ...
From Ahura Mazda. ...
Yasna 28. ...
Faravahar It is now widely accepted among scholars that the Kambojas were an Avestan speaking group of East Iranians, and
were located mainly in north-eastern Afghanistan and parts of Tajikstan.[22] Some scholars also believe that the Zoroastrian
religion originated in eastern Iran in the land of the Kambojas.[23] Faravahar, The depiction of the Human soul before birth and
after death. ...
Faravahar, The depiction of the Human soul before birth and after death. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
The Republic of Tajikistan
( & #1058; & #1086; & #1207; & #1080; & #1082; & #1080; & #1089; & #1090; & #1086; & #1085;),
formerly known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, is a country in
Central Asia. ...
Zoroastrianism was adapted from an
earlier, polytheistic faith by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) in Persia very
roughly around 1000 BC (although, in the absence of written records,
some scholars estimates are as late as 600 BC). ...
Fourth/fifth century Buddhist commentator and great scholar Buddhaghosa [24] has also expressly described the Kambojas as
Parasaka-vanna (i.e of Parasa or Persian affinties).[25][26][27][28]
A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at
Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha,
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& #1045; & #1085; & #1080; & #1089; & #1077; & #1081;
Length 5,550 (4,102) km Elevation of the source m Average discharge
19,600 m/s Area watershed 2,580,000 km Origin ? Mouth Arctic Ocean
Basin countries Russia The Yenisei basin, Lake Baikal, and the cities
of Dikson, Dudinka, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk...
Trkistan (also spelled Turkistan or Turkestan) is a region in Central Asia, largely inhabited by Turkic people. ...
The Tian Shan (Chinese:
& #22825; & #23665;; Pinyin: Ti & #257;n Sh & #257;n;
celestial mountains) mountain range is located in Central Asia, in the
border region of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang Uighur
Autonomous Region of western China. ...
The red line indicates the 10C
isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region border
Satellite image of the Arctic surface The Arctic is the region around
the Earths North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South
Pole. ...
Linguistic
evidence, combined with this literary and inscriptional evidence, has
led many scholars of note to conclude that ancient Kambojas originally
belonged to the Ghalcha-speaking area of Central Asia. For example, Yasaka's Nirukata (II/2) attests that verb shavati in the
sense "to go" was used by only the Kambojas. It has been proven that the modern Ghalcha dialects, Valkhi, Shigali, Sriqoli,
Jebaka (also called Sanglichi or Ishkashim), Munjani, Yidga and Yagnobi, mainly spoken in Pamirs and countries on the
headwaters of Oxus, still use terms derived from ancient Kamboja shavati in the sense "to go". The Yagnobi dialect spoken in
Yagnobe around the headwaters of Zeravshan in Sogdiana, also still contains a relic from ancient Kamboja shavati in the sense
"to go" [40]. Further, the former language of Badakshan was also a dialect of Galcha, said to have been replaced by Persian only
in the last few centuries.[41]
Thus, the ancient Kamboja probably included the Pamirs, Badakshan, and
possibly parts of Tajikstan, including Yognobi region in the doab of the Oxus. On the east it was bounded roughly by Yarkand
and/or Kashgar, on the west by Bahlika (Uttaramadra), on the northwest by Sogdiana, on the north by Uttarakuru, on the
southeast by Darada, and on the south by Gandhara. For the journal, see Linguistics (journal). ...
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; IAST transliteration: ,
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RSI may refer to: Repetitive strain injury, a disorder affecting bone
and muscle from repetitive movements Rapid sequence induction, a form
of ansthesia Relative strength index, a security market indicator
Radiotelevisione svizzera di lingua italiana, a Swiss radio broadcaster
Research Science Institute, a summer research program held at MIT...
Upamanyu is the name of a Vedic seer who finds reference in Book I, Hymn 102. ...
The Rig Veda
& #2315; & #2327; & #2381; & #2357; & #2375; & #2342;
(Sanskrit & #7771;c praise + veda knowledge) is the earliest of the
four Hindu religious scriptures known as the Vedas. ...
A hymn is a type of song, usually
religious, specifically written for the purpose of praise, adoration or
prayer, and typically addressed to a god or other religiously
significant figure. ...
Kamboja Aupamanyava finds mention in the list of ancient Vedic teachers given in the Vamsa Brahmana (1. ...
The Sama Veda
( & #2360; & #2366; & #2350; & #2357; & #2375; & #2342;),
or Veda of Holy Songs, is third in the usual order of enumeration of
the four Vedas, the ancient core Hindu scriptures. ...
Drona Parva section of Mahabharata amply attests that,
besides being fierce warriors, the entire Kamboja soldiery was also
noted as a learned people.[88]. Benjamin Walker observes: "Kambojas
were not only famous for their furs and woolen blankets embroidered
with threads of gold, their wonderful horses and their beautiful women,
but by epic period, they had become especially renowned as Vedic teachers and their homeland as a seat of Brahmanical
learning" [89]. What is an epic? ...
Map of early Iron Age Vedic India after Witzel (1989). ...
Dr A. D. Pusalkar observes: "The speech of Kambojas is referred to by Yaska as differing from that of other Aryans and Grierson
sees in this reference the Iranian affinities of the Kambojas, but the fact that the Kambojas teachers were reputed for their Vedic
learning shows them to have been Vedic Aryans, so that the Kamboja was an Aryan settlemen"[90] Yaska Acharya is a
celebrated Sanskrit scholar and grammarian of ancient India. ...
Aryan (/erjn/ or /`rjn/, Sanskrit: ) is a Sanskrit and Avestan word meaning noble/spiritual one. ...
Viveka Nanda and Lokesh Chander write: "The teachers of Kamboja were known for their Vedic learning. Culturally, Afghanistan
then formed part of India...." [91]. See also : Brahmanism of Ancient Kambojas for further details. The Kambojas are a very
ancient people of north-western parts of Indian sub-continent (Central Asia). ...
Kambojas: Master Horsemen[92] Main article: Kamboja Horsemen The
horses of the Kambojas were famous throughout all periods of ancient
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; IAST transliteration: ,
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The culture of Kambojas was modified as a result of their contacts, first with the Yavanas and later, it went further modification as
a result of their contacts with the Sakas and Pahlavas etc (Dr D. Sircar, Dr J. Kamboj).
The Kambojas
in/around west, south-west India are also attested from inscriptions of
king Sahasiva Raya of Sangama Dynasty (1336-1478), kings Harihara and
Deva Raya of Narasinga Dynasty (1496-1567), and from the references of
king Vishnuvardhana of Hoiyasala Dynasty/Mysore (of 12th c CE).
King Kambu (Sanskrit Kamboj), the legendary patriarch of Kambuja (Kamboja) ruling family of Cambodia was, to all probability, a
warrior/scholar Kamboja chieftain from Sinhala or else from Gujarat.
Kambojas
are a very ancient people of north-western parts of ancient India and
Afghanistan, frequently mentioned in ancient texts, although not in the
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