Chemistry Paper 2C 2011

1) When Potassium reacts with water, fizzing occurs, potassium

moves around, potassium melts, a lilac flame is seen.
2) Iron is a solid that conducts electricity. Haematite is a metal
ore. Ammonia is a substance formed in the Haber process.
Sodium hydroxide is a substance used to make soap.
Ammonia is a substance use to make fertilisers.
3) (a) (i) Magnesium is a metal that can used to make a space
probe to land on Venus because of its very low density (1.7).
(ii) This metal would be unsuitable for making a probe to land
on Venus because it would react with the sulfuric acid and the
atmosphere.
(b) Small amounts of lead can used in electrical circuits, lead
would not be suitable for use in the electrical circuits of a
probe to land on Venus because its low melting point, the
temperature on Venus is higher than the melting point of lead.
(c) Titanium would be the most suitable for making a probe to
land on Venus because of its low density. Titanium has a high
melting point (the temperature on Venus is lower than the
melting point of titanium), and it does not react with sulfuric
acid and the atmosphere.
4) (a) (i)
ethene has the displayed formula
ethene is a gas at room temperature
ethene burns with a smoky flame
ethene is unsaturated
ethene is insoluble in water
ethene can be prepared from ethanol
ethene is used to make the polymer poly(ethene)
Ethene is described as unsaturated because it contains a
(carbon to carbon) double bond
(ii) Bromine water is a dilute solution of bromine that is normally
orange-brown in colour but turns colourless when shaken with an
alkene. So it if goes from orange to brow it means an alkene is
present.
(b) (i) Equation that represents the preparation of ethene from
ethanol:
C2O5OH C2H4+ H2O

(ii) The name given for this type of reaction is Dehydration

5) When soap is shaken with water, a lather forms. A lather is a
collection of small bubbles that form on the surface of the water.
Very little soap is needed to form a lather with pure water.
Water that needs a much larger quantity of soap to form a lather is
called hard water. Water becomes hard when certain compounds are
dissolved in it.
A student carried out an experiment to find out which compounds
make water hard.
(a) Two compounds that mad the water hard are Magnesium
chloride and Iron (II) Chloride.
(b)The student carried out he experiment three times with each
compound to check the reliability of the results.
(c) (ii) When the student found the anomalous result he/she
should have repeated the experiment.
(d)The name of the apparatus that the student should use to add
the soap solution is the burette.
(e) The average (mean) volume of soap solution needed to form
the lather with the magnesium chloride solution is:
1.60+1.70+ 1.65
= 1.65 cm3
3
6) (a) Diamond has a giant molecular structure. Each carbon
atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms. A lot of
energy is needed to separate the atoms in diamond. This is because
covalent bonds are strong, and diamond contains very many
covalent bonds. This makes diamond's melting point and boiling
point very high. There are no free electrons or ions in diamond, so it
does not conduct electricity.
(b) Graphite can act as a lubricant because Graphite is bonded by
covalent bond, thus, it is held by weak intermolecular forces. Since
it has weak intermolecular forces, graphite would be slippery and
soft enough to act as a lubricant.
(c) Both graphite and metal are bonded by covalent bonding this
feature allows graphite to conduct electricity, this helps graphite
conduct electricity because of its delocalized electrons.
(d) Diamond has got a giant covalent structure which carbon atoms
hold each other by strong covalent bond. However, in
buckminsterfullerene, atoms packed closely together but bound by
weak Van der Waal's force. Thus, buckminsterfullerene requires less
heat to overcome the attractive force than that of diamond.
7) (a) (i)The equation of the decomposition of sodium azide (NaN3)
is: 2NaN3 (s) 2Na(l) + 3N2(g)

Sodium azide is used to produce nitrogen gas to inflate car airbags.

If a car is involved in a collision, the sodium azide decomposes.
The nitrogen gas is produced very rapidly and the airbag inflates almost immediately.
Amount of nitrogen in moles in a fully inflated airbag (assuming that the volume of
one mole of nitrogen inside the airbag is 24 dm3.
Amount of nitrogen=
(i)

108
24

= 4.5 mol

Amount of sodium azide required to produce 108 dm3 of nitrogen:

SKIP AND VIEW CHAPTER ON MOLS