MS 145 : 2001

MS ISO 9001 : 2000 REG. NO. AR

Lot 513, Batu 7 1/4, Jalan Puchong, 58200 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (60) 03-80701122 (3 lines) Fax: (60) 03-80701011
Email: sgmmesh@streamyx.com

INTENTIONALLY
BLANK

ONG HIAP HOLDINGS SDN. BHD.

KOPERASI ANGKATAN TENTERA MALAYSIA BHD.
MULPHA CAPITAL PARTNERS SDN. BHD.

Lot 513, Batu 7 1/4, Jalan Puchong, 58200 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (60) 03-80701122 (3 lines) Fax: (60) 03-80701011
Email: sgmmesh@streamyx.com

Introduction

Standard Sizes and Dimensions

SGM fabric is a square or

rectangular steel welded mesh
to be used in reinforced concrete
elements. It is manufactured from
hard drawn steel wire in sheets
or rolls and complying with B.S.
4483 : 1985 and M.S. 145 : 2001
with specified characteristic yield
strength of 485 N/mm2. The main
and cross wires of the fabric are
welded rigidly together by an
auto-electro welding machine at
constant spacing.

Standard sheets and rolls are

available readily and are held in
stock. SGM imperial size fabrics
are manufactured in sheets of 2 m
width and 6 m length or in rolls of
2 m x 40 m whereas SGM metric
size fabrics are available in sheets
of 2.2 m width x 6 m length.
Basically, there are four types of
metric size fabric:
SGM A Type
Square meshes with wire at 200
mm spacing each way and wire size
ranging from 4 mm to 12 mm.
SGM B Type
Rectangular meshes with main
wire spacing of 100 mm and crosswire spacing of 200 mm. Wire size
ranging from 5 mm to 12 mm.

SGM C Type
Rectangular long meshes with main
wire spacing of 100 mm and a small
crosswire at 400 mm spacing. Wire
size ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm.
SGM D Type
Small square meshes with wire at
100mm spacing each way. Wire size
ranging from 4mm to 10mm.
The specification of standard meshes
are given in Table 3 and Table 4.
If special sizes are preferred in
order to save time and wastage, the
technical staff will be pleased to
discuss with you.

Special Sizes
Special sizes and diameters of
SGM fabric can be made available
to meet specified design and
construction requirement. Various
combinations of wire diameter and
spacing are possible and any
proposal for special fabrics should
be in consultation with our
engineers.

Properties
The hard drawn steel wire used
in the manufacture of SGM
fabric meets the requirement of the
Malaysian Standard M.S. 145 : 2001
steel fabric for the reinforcement of
concrete
which
specifies
a
characteristic yield strength of
485 N/mm2. The shear strength of
each weld has a minimum of 125
N/mm2 for anchorage requirement.
To ensure that high quality of SGM
fabrics are maintained consistently, the wires are tested at regular
intervals as required by SIRIM.
Copies of routine test certificates
are available for inspection at our
Puchong factory.
The British Design Code CP 114
Part 2 : 1969 allows a working stress
for SGM fabric of 230 N/mm2 in the
working stress method of design.
The British Design Code BS 8110
Part 1 : 1997 allows a specified
characteristic yield strength of
485 N/mm2 for SGM fabric.

Principal Applications

Advantages

Ordering SGM Fabric

SGM fabric is especially suitable

for use as reinforcement in
suspended
and
non-suspended
concrete
floor
slabs
under
various types of loading. It is also used
in footings, walls, retaining walls,
road
pavements,
tanks,
swimming pools, concrete pipes,
girder wrapping, precast concrete
units and other structures where
substitution of mild steel rolled
bars with SGM fabrics are possible.

SGM fabrics enable engineers and

contractors
a
readily
available
source of economic reinforcement
for reinforced concrete works.

The length of the fabric sheet is the

length of the main wire. It is very
important that the main wire be
place in the correct direction when
using B and C types of SGM fabric.

Its main advantages are: SGM fabrics are manufactured

from hard drawn steel wires
which have a breaking strength
of not less than 534 N/mm2 and a
minimum 0.2% proof stress of 485
N/mm2, compared to mild steel
of 250 N/mm2 and high tensile
steel of 410 N/mm2. Hence, there
will be a saving of total tonnage
of steel used.
Consistent quality of material use
with wires of uniform properties
and accurate diameters.

SGM fabrics provide positive

mechanical anchorage through the
welding of the rigidly connected
cross-wires at intersections.

SGM fabrics assure the required

area of steel at the correct spacings
provided and hence, time will be
reduced on site supervision.
SGM fabrics are simple to fix and
remain in position when properly
supported during concreting.
Like mild steel, SGM fabrics are
adaptable to be bent and shaped
to suit the particular job and yet
able to maintain its rigidity after
bending.
The welds provide good anchorage for the concrete which in turn
will control and limit any crack line
developed.
SGM fabrics permit enhanced speed
and economy in construction which
will result in savings of labour costs
and wastage.

In order to avoid errors at the

construction site, the length of the
SGM fabric is always taken as the
length of the main wire. The length
of the sheet measured from end to
end of the main wire can be of any
length suitable for handling and
transporting and must be a multiple
of the cross-wire spacing.
The specification of the main wire
length, spacing and diameter shall
be given before the specification of
cross wire.

Economy
The
high
quality
of
SGM
fabrics which meet M.S. 145 : 2001
requirements
result
in
significant cost savings. By using
the recommended fabric design stress
of 230 N/mm2 and specified
characteristic
strength
of
485
N/mm2 compared to mild steel design
stress of 140 N/mm2 and specified
characteristic yield strength of 250
N/mm2, a saving of up to 40 percent
of the quantity of reinforcement
is possible. There is still some
significant
cost
saving
after
allowing for the higher cost per tonne
for SGM fabric.
In addition to material saving,
labour and transport cost are
reduced. Construction time is also
saved, as SGM fabrics are delivered
to the construction site with the
wires welded correctly at constant
spacings. Wastage will be eliminated
as SGM fabric can be delivered to the
site with cut-to-size fabrics.
SGM technical staff will be pleased
to discuss the details of any cost
comparison with you and provide
current costs.

Anchorage and Laps

Anchorage in Concrete
The intersections between wires
of SGM fabric are welded and will
develop a weld shear strength of
125 N/mm2. When SGM fabrics are
cast in concrete, the anchorage of
the fabrics necessary to develop
tensile stresses within the wires
are achieved by the embedment
of the cross wire. With the weld
shear strength of 125 N/mm2,
one weld will achieve at least
half of the specified characteristic
yield strength of wire.
Therefore, the bond between the
wire surface and the concrete can
be disregarded in considering
anchorage, and the tensile stresses
can be developed in shorter lengths
than those required by smooth
steel bars.

Lap Detail

Position of Laps

A lap splice will develop half yield

strength when SGM fabrics are
overlapped by minimum length of 225
mm. This condition of half yield laps
is sometimes used for side laps in one
way slabs and top reinforcement for
slabs.

Full yield strength lap splice should

be located at points of low tensile
stress and in a manner that will avoid
congestion of fabric. If fabric laps are
not well located, poorly compacted
concrete will occur.

The
designer
should
indicate
clearly this situation to contractors
and manufacturers.
A lap splice will develop the full yield
strength when the SGM fabrics are
overlapped by two welds plus about
1 inch. If the overlap is not indicated in
the design, a full strength lap should
be used.

Usually the Structural Engineer

will indicate on the drawings the
location of laps. Laps in the top
layer of fabric should not be
located near laps in the bottom
layer.
All SGM fabrics should be placed
accurately and firmly in position
before concreting starts. Small
concrete blocks are used as
spacers under the bottom layer
fabric, or on ground slabs where only
one layer is used. Plastic bar chairs
and short length of bar bent into
a hurdle shape should be used to
support the top layer fabric.

SGM Fabric Substitution for

rolled mild steel bars
The equivalent SGM fabric areas for
substitution of any reinforcement
can be calculated by using one of the
formulae below:

(BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997)

Where the allowable design stress for

mild steel is 140 N/mm2 and allowable
design stress for fabric is 230 N/mm2.
The specified characteristic strength
for mild steel is 250 N/mm2 while the
specified characteristic of SGM fabric
is 485 N/mm2.
Table 1 and 2 show the tabulation of
substitution of SGM fabric for mild
steel bars (common sizes used) for easy
reference (Design according to British
Code BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997).

Floor slabs using SGM fabric.

Automatic Bending Machines

Sama
Wira
Mulpha
Industries
Sdn Bhd introduces the latest model
of automatic machine for bending
electro-welded meshes in order to
serve its clients more efficiently.
The bending machine is capable
of bending the steel meshes into
practically any shape according to
consultant requirements.
Examples of shapes obtainable with
the bending machine are as follows:

Substitution based on British Code BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997

Substitution based on British Code BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1997

A4

A63

200

200

63

63

0.99

A5

A98

200

200

98

98

1.54

A6

A142

200

200

142

142

2.22

A7

A193

200

200

193

193

3.02

A8

A252

200

200

252

252

3.95

A9

A318

200

200

318

318

4.99

A10

A393

200

200

10

10

393

393

6.16

A12

A565

200

200

12

12

565

565

8.88

mm2

mm2

A project using SGM fabric.

SGM fabric was used for this project.

Prefabricated concrete walls for medium cost houses using SGM fabric.

INTENTIONALLY
BLANK

Lot 513, Batu 7 1/4, Jalan Puchong, 58200 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (60) 03-80701122 (3 lines) Fax: (60) 03-80701011
Email: sgmmesh@streamyx.com