Chapter 1 - Introduction

Student: _________________________________________________________

1. Complete the following sentence. A scientific law is:

A.
a tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further experimentation.
B.
a statement describing a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same
conditions.
C.
a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations.
D.
a model used to visualize the invisible.
2. Choose the response that includes all the items listed below that are pure substances.
i. orange juice ii. steam iii. wine iv. oxygen v. vegetable soup
A.
i, iii, v
B.
ii, iv
C.
i, iii, iv
D.
iv only
E.
all of them are pure
3. Which of the following is an example of a physical property?
A.
corrosiveness of sulfuric acid
B.
toxicity of cyanide
C.
flammability of gasoline
D.
neutralization of stomach acid with an antacid
E.
lead becomes a liquid when heated to 601oC
4. Which one of the following is an example of a physical property?
A.
dynamite explodes
B.
meat rots if it is not refrigerated
C.
honey tastes sweet
D.
ice floats on top of liquid water
E.
a silver platter tarnishes
5. Which one of the following represents a physical change?
A.
water, when heated, forms steam
B.
bleach turns hair yellow
C.
sugar, when heated, becomes brown
D.
milk turns sour
E.
apples, when exposed to air, turn brown
6. Which one of the following represents a physical change?
A.
battery cables corrode
B.
bleach turns hair yellow
C.
sugar, if heated enough, turns black and loses its sweetness
D.
milk turns sour
E.
lard, when heated, changes to liquid
7. All of the following are properties of sodium. Which one is a physical property of sodium?
A.
It is surface turns black when first exposed to air.
B.
It is a solid at 25oC and changes to a liquid when heated to 98oC.
C.
When placed in water it sizzles and a gas is formed.
D.
When placed in contact with chlorine it forms a compound that melts at 801oC.
E.
Sodium is never found as the pure metal in nature.
8. All of the following are properties of tin. Which one is a chemical property of tin?
A.
Tin can be hammered into a thin sheet.
B.
At -40oC a sheet of tin crumbles to a gray powder.
C.
Tin melts at 231.9C.
D.
When a bar of tin is bent, it emits an audible "cry".

E.

Tin dissolves slowly in cold, dilute hydrochloric acid, but it dissolves readily in concentrated
hydrochloric acid.
9. Which one of the following represents a chemical change?
A.
boiling water to form steam
B.
turning hair yellow with bleach
C.
melting butter
D.
mixing powdered charcoal and oxygen at room temperature
E.
cutting a bar of sodium metal into pieces with a knife
10. Which one of the following represents a chemical change?
A.
lard when heated changes to liquid
B.
water disappears from a beaker in a few days at room temperature
C.
sugar dissolving in water
D.
milk turns sour in a few days at room temperature
E.
water boils below 100oC on a mountain
11. Which one of the following represents a chemical change?
A.
heating water to form steam
B.
sliced apples, in contact with air, turning brown
C.
sugar dissolving in hot coffee
D.
mixing sugar and cinnamon
E.
cutting a bar of sodium metal into pieces with a knife
12. Which of the following does not represent a chemical change?
A.
a freshly cut apple turns brown
B.
milk turns sour on standing at room temperature
C.
when cooled, liquid water becomes ice
D.
bread rises when baking
E.
fermentation of sugar to alcohol
13. Condensation refers to which conversion?
A.
solid gas
B.
solid liquid
C.
gas liquid
D.
gas solid
E.
liquid gas
14. The SI prefixes giga and micro represent, respectively:
A.
10-9 and 10-6.
B.
106 and 10-3.
C.
103 and 10-3.
D.
109 and 10-6.
E.
10-9 and 10-3.
15. The SI prefixes milli and mega represent, respectively:
A.
106 and 10- 6.
B.
10- 3 and 106.
C.
103 and 10- 6.
D.
10- 3 and 109.
E.
10- 6 and 10- 3.
16. The SI prefixes kilo and centi represent, respectively:
A.
103 and 10- 2.
B.
106 and 10-1.
C.
10-3 and 10- 2.
D.
10- 6 and 102.
E.
102 and 10- 3.
17. The diameter of an atom is approximately 1 10- 8 cm. What is this diameter when expressed in
nanometers?

A.
1 10- 19 nm
B.
1 10- 15 nm
C.
1 101 nm
D.
1 10- 10 nm
E.
1 10- 1 nm
18. 6.0 km is how many micrometers?
A.
6.0 106 m
B.
1.7 10- 7 m
C.
6.0 109 m
D.
1.7 10- 4 m
E.
6.0 103 m
19. 2.4 km is how many millimeters?
A.
2,400 mm
B.
2.4 104 mm
C.
2.4 105 mm
D.
2.4 106 mm
E.
2.4 10- 5 mm
20. How many milliliters is 0.005 L?
A.
0.5 mL
B.
5 mL
C.
0.50 mL
D.
0.000005 mL
E.
200 mL
21. Express 7,500 nm as picometers.
A.
7.50 pm
B.
75.0 pm
C.
750 pm
D.
7.5 106 pm
E.
7.5 1012 pm
22. Which of the following represents the largest mass?
A.
2.0 102 mg
B.
0.0010 kg
C.
1.0 105 g
D.
2.0 102 cg
E.
10.0 dg
23. Lead melts at 601.0oC. What temperature is this in oF?
A.
302oF
B.
365oF
C.
1,050oF
D.
1,082oF
E.
1,114oF
24. Ammonia boils at -33.4oC. What temperature is this in oF?
A.
- 60.1oF
B.
- 92.1oF
C.
- 28.1oF
D.
- 18.5oF
E.
+13.5oF
25. Many home freezers maintain a temperature of 0oF. Express this temperature in oC.
A.
- 32oC
B.
- 18oC
C.
0oC
D.
18oC

E.
57.6oC
26. The highest temperature ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona, was 122oF. Express this temperature in oC.
A.
50.0oC
B.
64.4oC
C.
67.8oC
D.
162.0oC
E.
219.6oC
27. Dry ice (carbon dioxide) changes from a solid to a gas at -78.5oC. What is this temperature in oF?
A.
- 173oF
B.
- 12.6oF
C.
- 109oF
D.
- 75.6oF
E.
none of them are within 2oF of the right answer
28. The number 1.050 109 has how many significant figures?
A.
2
B.
3
C.
4
D.
9
E.
13
29. How many significant figures are there in 1.3070 g?
A.
6
B.
5
C.
4
D.
3
E.
2
30. After carrying out the following operations, how many significant figures are appropriate to show in the
result?
(13.7 + 0.027) 8.221
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
E.
5
31. How many significant figures does the result of the following operation contain?
8.52010 7.9
A.
2
B.
3
C.
4
D.
5
E.
6
32. How many significant figures does the result of the following sum contain?
8.5201 + 1.93
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
E.
5
33. How many significant figures does the result of the following sum contain?
8.520 + 2.7
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3

D.
4
E.
5
34. How many significant figures does the difference 218.7201 - 218.63 contain?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
5
E.
7
35. Do the indicated arithmetic and give the answer to the correct number of significant figures.
(1.5 10-4 61.3) + 2.01 =
A.
2.0192
B.
2.0
C.
2.019
D.
2.02
E.
2.019195
36. When 7.02oC is converted to the Fahrenheit scale, how many significant figures are there in the oF result?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
E.
5
37. How many cubic inches are in 1.00 liter?
A.
61.0 in3
B.
155 in3
C.
394 in3
D.
1.64 104 in3
E.
none of them
38. Convert 500. milliliters to quarts. (1L = 1.06 qt)
A.
1.88 qt
B.
0.472 qt
C.
0.528 qt
D.
4.72 105 qt
E.
5.28 105 qt
39. A US barrel is 4.21 cubic feet. Express this volume in liters.
A.
3.99 10-5 L
B.
1.99 10-2 L
C.
19.9 L
D.
105 L
E.
119 L
40. A barrel of oil contains 42.0 gallons. How many liters is this? (1L = 1.06 qt)
A.
9.9 L
B.
11 L
C.
142 L
D.
158 L
E.
178 L
41. The average distance from Earth to the sun is 9.3 107 miles. How many kilometers is this?
A.
1.5 108 km
B.
1.5 105 km
C.
5.6 107 km
D.
1.7 10 - 8 km
E.
1.5 1011 km
42. What is the area, in square centimeters, of a rectangle that is 6.0 inches by 7/8 inch?

A.
0.81 cm2
B.
2.1 cm2
C.
5.3 cm2
D.
13 cm2
E.
34 cm2
43. Suppose a house has a floor area of 2,250 square feet. What is this area in units of square centimeters?
A.
2.42 cm2
B.
2.09 106 cm2
C.
5.02 104 cm2
D.
6.86 104 cm2
E.
101 cm2
44. What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of a brick that is 12.0 in. 20 mm 2.0 cm?
A.
10 cm3
B.
48 cm3
C.
120 cm3
D.
480 cm3
E.
1,220 cm3
45. How many square kilometers are equivalent to 28.5 cm2?
A.
2.85 10-9 km2
B.
2.85 10-6 km2
C.
285 km2
D.
2.85 10-4 km2
E.
none of these
46. How many cubic centimeters are there in exactly one cubic meter?
A.
1 10-6 cm3
B.
1 10-3 cm3
C.
1 10-2 cm3
D.
1 104 cm3
E.
1 106 cm3
47. If a car has an EPA mileage rating of 30 miles per gallon, what is this rating in kilometers per liter? (1 L =
1.06 qt)
A.
200 km/L
B.
180 km/L
C.
70 km/L
D.
13 km/L
E.
11 km/L
48. If the price of gasoline is $1.14 per U.S. gallon, what is the cost per liter? (1 L = 1.06 qt)
A.
$0.0434 /L
B.
$4.83 /L
C.
$0.302 /L
D.
$0.269 /L
E.
$1.07 /L
49. An aluminum beverage can contains 12.0 fluid ounces of liquid. Express this volume in microliters. (1 fl oz
= 29.6 mL)
A.
0.355 L
B.
355 L
C.
405 L
D.
4.05 103 L
E.
3.55 105 L
50. 157.2 106 troy oz of silver were used in the United States in 1980. How many gigagrams is this? (1 troy oz
= 31.1 g)
A.
4.89 109 Gg

B.
4.89 Gg
C.
5.05 10 - 9 Gg
D.
3.12 Gg
E.
5.05 10 - 3 Gg
51. Table salt (sodium chloride) is 39.1% sodium. How many grams of salt contains 72.0 g of sodium?
A.
28.2 g salt
B.
72.0 g salt
C.
184 g salt
D.
2,820 g salt
E.
1.84 105 g salt
52. A piece of metal with a mass of 125 g is placed into a graduated cylinder that contains 25.00 mL of water,
raising the water level to 56.00 mL. What is the density of the metal?
A.
5.00 g/cm3
B.
4.03 g/cm3
C.
2.23 g/cm3
D.
1.51 g/cm3
E.
0.25 g/cm3
53. A piece of metal with a mass of 114 g was placed into a graduated cylinder that contained 25.00 mL of
water, raising the water level to 42.50 mL. What is the density of the metal?
A.
0.154 g/cm3
B.
0.592 g/cm3
C.
2.68 g/cm3
D.
6.51 g/cm3
E.
7.25 g/cm3
54. Given the following densities at 25oC: magnesium: 1.7 g/cm3, graphite: 1.8 g/cm3, iron: 7.9 g/cm3. A block
of iron has a mass of 826 g. What is the mass of a block of magnesium that has the same volume as the
block of iron?
A.
1,400 g
B.
3,800 g
C.
830 g
D.
180 g
E.
none of them are within 10 g of the right answer.
55. Given the following densities at 25oC: magnesium: 1.7 g/cm3, graphite: 1.8 g/cm3, iron: 7.9 g/cm3. A block
of iron has a mass of 483 g. What is the mass of a block of graphite that has the same volume as the block of
iron?
A.
110 g
B.
2120 g
C.
6870 g
D.
34 g
E.
none of them are within 10 g of the right answer.
56. Calculate the mass of the air contained in a room that measures
2.50 m 5.50 m 3.00 m (density of air = 1.29 g/dm3 at 25oC).
A.
3.13 10 - 5 g
B.
32.0 kg
C.
53.2 kg
D.
53.2 g
E.
None of these.
57. The density of lead is 11.4 g/cm3 at 25oC. Calculate the volume occupied by 25.0 g of lead.
A.
2.19 cm3
B.
0.456 cm3
C.
285 cm3
D.
1.24 cm3

E.
6.05 cm3
58. Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm3. The volume occupied by 55.85 g of iron is
A.
0.141 cm3
B.
7.11 cm3
C.
2.8 cm3
D.
439 cm3
E.
None of these.
59. Bromine is a red liquid at 25oC. Its density is 3.12 g/cm3. What is the volume of 28.1 g of liquid bromine?
A.
87.7 cm3
B.
0.111 cm3
C.
9.01 cm3
D.
28.1 cm3
E.
None of these.
60. The Hope diamond weighs 44.0 carats. Determine the volume occupied by the diamond, given that its
density is 3.5 g/cm3 at 20oC, and that 1 carat = 0.200 g.
A.
2.5 cm3
B.
0.40 cm3
C.
0.016 cm3
D.
63 cm3
E.
150 cm3
61. What is the volume of a 2.5 g block of metal if its density is 4.75 g/cm3?
A.
0.53 cm3
B.
1.9 cm3
C.
2.5 cm3
D.
4.75 cm3
E.
11.9 cm3
62. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. How many liters does 251 g of Hg occupy?
A.
18.5 L
B.
54.9 L
C.
1.85 10 - 2 L
D.
5.42 10 - 2 L
E.
3.41 103 L
63. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. How many quarts does 100. g of Hg occupy?
(1 L = 1.06 qt)
A.
144 qt
B.
7.35 qt
C.
7.79 qt
D.
7.79 10 - 3 qt
E.
1.44 10 - 4 qt
64. A person walking fast requires 5.0 kcal of energy per minute. How many minutes of such exercise are
required to consume 400 kcal, the energy in a milk shake?
A.
0.0125 min
B.
5.0 min
C.
80 min
D.
120 min
E.
2,000 min
65. Some molecules move with speeds approaching the "escape velocity" from Earth, which is 7.0 mile per
second. What is this speed in cm/h? (1 mile = 1609 m)
A.
313 cm/h
B.
4.1 105 cm/h
C.
4.1 109 cm/h
D.
1.1 106 cm/h

E.
1.6 109 cm/h
66. Which of the following speeds is the greatest?
A.
40 mi/h
B.
2.0 105 mm/min
C.
40 km/h
D.
0.74 km/min
E.
400 m/min
67. The diameter of Earth is 12.7 Mm. Express this diameter in centimeters.
A.
1.27 105 cm
B.
1.27 106 cm
C.
1.27 107 cm
D.
1.27 108 cm
E.
1.27 109 cm
68. Silver has a density of 10.5 g/cm3. What mass of silver would be required to cover a football playing surface
of 120 yds 60 yds to a depth of 1.0 mm? (1 inch = 2.54 cm)
A.
570 kg
B.
63 Mg
C.
6.0 106 g
D.
6.3 108 g
E.
6.9 105 g
69. Americans combined drive about 4.0 109 miles per day and their vehicles get an average of 20 miles per
gallon of fuel used. For each 1 kg of gasoline that is burned, about 3.0 kg of carbon dioxide are produced.
How many kilograms of CO2 are emitted into the atmosphere each day by cars in the U.S.? One gallon of
gas weighs about 3.5 kg.
A.
2.1 109 kg
B.
8.4 1011 kg
C.
1.7 108 kg
D.
93 kg
E.
none of these
70. How many cubic centimeters of ore containing 0.22% by mass gold must be processed to obtain $100 worth
of gold? The density of the ore is 8.0 g/cm3 and the price of gold is $418 per troy ounce. (14.6 troy oz = 1.0
ordinary pound, called an avoirdupois pound; 1 lb = 454 g)
A.
42 cm3
B.
2.7 104 cm3
C.
4.2 102 cm3
D.
6,200 cm3
E.
9.3 10 - 1 cm3
71. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is 3.00 108 m/s. How many minutes does it take for a radio
message to reach Earth from Mars if Mars is 9.9 107 km from Earth?
A.
5.5 10 - 3 min
B.
0.33 min
C.
1.8 1021 min
D.
19.8 min
E.
5.5 min
72. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is 3.00 108 m/s. How many kilometers will radio messages
to outer space travel in exactly one year?
A.
9.46 1015 km
B.
7.30 108 km
C.
7.10 1010 km
D.
9.46 1012 km
E.
3.33 10 - 3 km
73. The city of Los Angeles is now approximately 2400 miles south of Alaska. It is moving slowly northward as

the San Andreas fault slides along. If Los Angeles is to arrive near Anchorage, Alaska, in 76 million years,
at what average rate will it have to move in mm per month?
A.
2.0 10 - 10 mm/mo.
B.
6.6 10 - 6 mm/mo.
C.
4.2 mm/mo.
D.
9.5 mm/mo.
E.
51 mm/mo.
74. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium is 1.2 g. Calcium carbonate contains 12.0% calcium
by mass. How many grams of calcium carbonate are needed to provide the RDA of calcium?
A.
0.10 g
B.
0.14 g
C.
1.2 g
D.
10 g
E.
14 g
75. The radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. If one could dig down straight towards the center of the
Earth, one would find that the outermost 2890 km (the crust and the mantle) has an average density of about
4.5 g/cm3. Farther down is the core. If the average density of the Earth is 5.5 g/cm3, what is the average
density of the Earth's core? (Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by V = (4/3)r3.)
A.
11. g/cm3
B.
57. g/cm3
C.
6.2 g/cm3
D.
1.9 g/cm3
E.
not enough data is provided
76. The radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. If one could dig down straight towards the center of the
Earth, one would find that the innermost 3480 km (the core) has an average density of about 11. g/cm3.
Above that are the mantle and crust. If the average density of the Earth is 5.5 g/cm3, what is the average
density of the Earth's mantle and crust? (Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by V = (4/3)r3.)
A.
57. g/cm3
B.
4.5 g/cm3
C.
8.7 g/cm3
D.
5.3 g/cm3
E.
not enough data is provided
77. Define matter.
________________________________________
78. What are the three states of matter?
________________________________________
79. What are the common names for the three states of the compound water?
________________________________________
80. Define pure substance.
________________________________________
81. Give three examples of pure substances.
________________________________________
82. Define mixture.
________________________________________
83. Name two types of mixtures.
__________
84. Give three examples of mixtures.
________________________________________
85. Define element.
________________________________________
86. Define compound.
________________________________________

87. Give examples of three physical properties.

________________________________________
88. Give an example of an extensive property.
________________________________________
89. Give an example of an intensive property.
________________________________________
90. Identify the following as physical or chemical changes:
(1) Bacteria converts milk to yogurt.
(2) Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
(3) You put sugar into coffee.
(4) Formation of snowflakes.
(5) Rusting of a piece of iron.
(6) Ripening of fruit.
(7) Fashioning a table leg from a piece of wood.
(8) Fermenting grapes.
________________________________________
91. Classify the following as mixtures, compounds, or elements.
(1) Brewed coffee, ready to drink
(2) Sugar to put in the coffee
(3) Iron frying pan in which you cook your eggs
(4) Salt you put on your eggs
(5) Orange juice
________________________________________
92. An organic liquid has a density of 0.8 g/cm3. What is the mass of a 42.0 mL sample of this liquid?
________________________________________
93. What is the density of copper if 11.8 cm3 of copper has a mass of 105.2 g?
________________________________________
94. An automobile engine has a piston displacement of 1,600 cm3.
(a) How many liters is this?
(b) How many cubic inches is this? (1 in = 2.54 cm)
________________________________________
95. An investor paid a large price for a chunk of gold that he was told was pure. The gold bar had a mass of 440
g, but was slightly irregular so an exact volume could not be calculated. The investor filled a large
graduated cylinder with water, immersed the chunk of gold, and observed an increase in the apparent
volume of material in the graduated cylinder of 25.0 mL. Pure gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm3. Did the
investor get his money's worth? Why or why not?
________________________________________
96. Occasionally, uranium hexafluoride is transported by ship in sealed containers. If an accident should occur
and the ship were to sink, would the uranium hexafluoride be a solid or a liquid? (melting point of uranium
hexafluoride is 64.5oC)
________________________________________
97. An American engineer who had been transferred to Europe was asked to build bridge pilings exactly as he
had in the United States. Each piling required 20.0 cubic yards of concrete in the United States. How many
cubic meters of concrete are required for each piling? Given 1 yd = 0.914 m.
________________________________________
98. A soft drink costs 55 cents for a 12-oz can. A one-liter bottle costs $1.25. In which form is the soft drink
more expensive? How much more expensive? (1.0 L = 1.057 qt, 1 qt = 32 oz)
________________________________________
99. A person weighs 150 lb, and the correct dosage of a drug is given as 1.50 mg per kilogram of body weight.
How many milligrams of the drug should be given? (2.20 lb = 1 kg)
__________
You have just measured a block of wood; listed below is a partial table of your data. Fill in the blanks.

Mass = 55.120 g
Length (l) = 8.5 cm
Height (h) = 4.3 cm
Width (w) = 3.3 cm
100. Volume of the wood block = __________________
________________________________________
101. Density of the wood block = __________________
________________________________________
You have just measured a metal cylinder; listed below is a partial table of your data. Fill in the blanks.
Mass = 3.543 g
Diameter = 0.53 cm
Height = 4.4 cm
Using the formulas below determine:
(V=r2 h, where r = radius, h = height, = 3.14)
102. Volume of the cylinder (V) = __________
________________________________________
103. Density of the cylinder = __________
________________________________________
You have just measured a sugar cube; listed below is a partial table of your data. Fill in the blanks.
Mass = 1.856 g
Height = 1.3 cm
Length = 1.3 cm
Width = 1.3 cm
104. Volume of the cube = __________
________________________________________
105. Density of the sugar cube = __________
________________________________________
106. Total surface area = __________
________________________________________
107. A geologist in the desert finds a huge rock in the shape of a cube. He would like to know the weight of it.
However, since the rock is as big as a three-story building, he can't very well weigh it on his triple beam
balance. He therefore removes some chips from the rock with his hammer and collects the following data:
mass of rock chips = 50.00 g
volume of rock chips = 25.0 cm3
Length of one side of rock cube = 10.0 meters
Determine the mass of this large rock in kilograms, assuming that the rock is of uniform composition.
__________
108. Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture:
a. Ice cream
b. Bread
c. Snow
d. A penny
e. Ink
f. Seven Up
________________________________________
109. A pure yellow crystalline substance, when heated in a vacuum, releases a greenish gas and a red powder. Is
the original yellow crystalline substance a compound or element?
________________________________________
110. Classify each of the following as a physical or chemical change:
a. Antifreeze boils out of a radiator.

b. A dish of cherries jubilee is flamed with brandy.

c. A firefly emits light.
d. Food spoils.
e. Alcohol evaporates.
________________________________________
111. What is the density of a salt solution if 50.0 mL of the solution has a mass of 57.0 g?
________________________________________
112. What is the volume occupied by 35 g of ouzo, which has a density of 0.940 g/mL?
________________________________________
113. What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?
________________________________________
114. An excavator is preparing to dig a basement for a new house. Part of his contract reads that he must
dispose of all the dirt he removes while digging the basement in an EPA approved landfill. He will dig a
hole that is 40 feet wide by 50 feet long and 7.5 feet deep. He first uses his shovel and scoops up 1.00 kg of
dirt, and then determines that the dirt has a volume of 600 cm3. The excavator knows that his dump truck
can only carry 8,000 kg of dirt. What is the total weight of soil that the excavator must remove and how
many dump-truck loads will it require to haul the dirt away?
________________________________________
115. To save money the U.S. government changed the metal from which it makes pennies. From the data shown
in the table below, determine when the government changed the composition of a penny
MASS & DENSITY TABLE
Coin #

Year Minted Mass in g Density in g/cm3

1967

3.044

8.503

1969 D

3.075

8.589

1972 S

3.072

8.581

1974

3.015

8.421

1978

3.098

8.654

1979 D

3.087

8.622

1984 D

2.578

7.201

1986 D

2.523

7.047

1988 D

2.402

6.709

10

1990 D

2.480

6.927

11

1992 D

2.513

7.020

12

1995 D

2.483

6.936

Total of individual measurements

33.370

Total when weighed collectively

33.420

__________
116. The Wall Street Journal lists the price of copper at $1.33 per pound. Assuming that "old" pennies are pure
copper, use the data in the table above to find the value of the metal in one "old" penny. (1 lb = 454 g)
________________________________________
117. The Wall Street Journal lists the price of zinc at $.52 per pound. Assuming that "new" pennies are pure
zinc, use the data in the table above to find the value of the metal in one "new" penny. (1 lb = 454 g)
________________________________________
118. Using the data from problems 1.112 and 1.113, approximately how much are taxpayers saving per one
billion pennies minted?
________________________________________
119. An aluminum can weighs 15.8 g. The Wall Street Journal lists the price for aluminum at $.528 per pound.
How much is this can worth? (1 lb = 454 g)
________________________________________

120. The contents of bottles containing alcohol and mercury are mixed together. Alcohol has a density of 0.7
g/mL. Mercury has a density of 14 g/mL. Which liquid forms the top layer of the mixture?
________________________________________
121. Classify the following as either a physical or a chemical property.
A. Ice melts at 0oC. _________________
B. Newspaper burns. _________________
C. Glass breaks. _________________
D. The vitamin content of foods in contact with air falls. _________________
________________________________________
122. Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture.
A. air ________________
B. table salt ________________
C. baking soda ________________
D. wine ________________
E. oxygen gas ________________
________________________________________
123. How many significant figures does the number 30.340 contain?
________________________________________
124. How many significant figures does the number 0.00721 contain?
________________________________________
125. The number 9.64870 105 contains how many significant figures?
________________________________________
126. What will be the cost of gasoline for a 3,710-mile trip in a car that gets 13.3 miles per gallon, if the average
price of gas is 89.9 per gallon?
__________
127. What will be the cost of gasoline for a 4,710-mile automobile trip if the car gets 27.3 miles per gallon, and
the average price of gas is $1.249 per gallon?
________________________________________
128. The volume of a sphere is given by V = (4/3)r3 where r is the radius. What is the mass of a magnesium
sphere with a radius of 0.80 cm? (The density of magnesium is 1.74 g/cm3.)
________________________________________
129. The density of lead is 11.4 g/cm3. Express this in pounds per cubic foot.
________________________________________
130. What is the mass of 1.00 dm3 of mercury? The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3.
________________________________________
131. The weight of a body varies according to the force of gravity exerted on the body.
True False
132. The SI base unit of length is the centimeter.
True False
133. Mass, length, and volume are extensive properties, but density is an intensive property.
True False
134. 20oC is colder than 40oF.
True False
135. 16 megagrams (Mg) is equal to 1.6 107 g.
True False
136. The conversion of water into steam is an example of a chemical change.
True False
137. What is the volume occupied by 72.0 g of gasoline, which has a density of 0.84 g/mL?
__________
138. The SI prefixes giga- and centi- represent, respectively:
A.
1.0E-09 and 1.0E02 .
B.
1.0E09 and 1.0E-02 .

C.
1.0E-09 and 1.0E-05 .
D.
1.0E12 and 1.0E-03 .
E.
1.0E06 and 1.0E-05 .
139. 13 km is how many micrometers?
A.
1.30E-05 micrometers
B.
1.30E-02 micrometers
C.
1.30E04 micrometers
D.
1.30E10 micrometers
E.
1.30E07 micrometers
140. 11 km is how many nanometers?
A.
1.10E10 nanometers
B.
1.10E04 nanometers
C.
1.10E13 nanometers
D.
1.10E07 nanometers
E.
1.10E-08 nanometers
141. What is the density of a salt solution if 53.0 mL of the solution has a mass of 56.0 g?
__________

Chapter 1 - Introduction

KEY

1. Complete the following sentence. A scientific law is:

a.
a tentative explanation for a set of observations that can be tested by further experimentation.
B
a statement describing a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same
conditions.
c.
a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and relations.
d.
a model used to visualize the invisible.
2. Choose the response that includes all the items listed below that are pure substances.
i. orange juice ii. steam iii. wine iv. oxygen v. vegetable soup
a.
i, iii, v
B
ii, iv
c.
i, iii, iv
d.
iv only
e.
all of them are pure
3. Which of the following is an example of a physical property?
a.
corrosiveness of sulfuric acid
b.
toxicity of cyanide
c.
flammability of gasoline
d.
neutralization of stomach acid with an antacid
E
lead becomes a liquid when heated to 601oC
4. Which one of the following is an example of a physical property?
a.
dynamite explodes
b.
meat rots if it is not refrigerated
c.
honey tastes sweet
D
ice floats on top of liquid water
e.
a silver platter tarnishes
5. Which one of the following represents a physical change?
A
water, when heated, forms steam
b.
bleach turns hair yellow
c.
sugar, when heated, becomes brown
d.
milk turns sour
e.
apples, when exposed to air, turn brown
6. Which one of the following represents a physical change?
a.
battery cables corrode
b.
bleach turns hair yellow
c.
sugar, if heated enough, turns black and loses its sweetness
d.
milk turns sour
E
lard, when heated, changes to liquid
7. All of the following are properties of sodium. Which one is a physical property of sodium?
a.
It is surface turns black when first exposed to air.
B
It is a solid at 25oC and changes to a liquid when heated to 98oC.
c.
When placed in water it sizzles and a gas is formed.
d.
When placed in contact with chlorine it forms a compound that melts at 801oC.
e.
Sodium is never found as the pure metal in nature.
8. All of the following are properties of tin. Which one is a chemical property of tin?
a.
Tin can be hammered into a thin sheet.
b.
At -40oC a sheet of tin crumbles to a gray powder.
c.
Tin melts at 231.9C.
d.
When a bar of tin is bent, it emits an audible "cry".
E
Tin dissolves slowly in cold, dilute hydrochloric acid, but it dissolves readily in concentrated

hydrochloric acid.
9. Which one of the following represents a chemical change?
a.
boiling water to form steam
B
turning hair yellow with bleach
c.
melting butter
d.
mixing powdered charcoal and oxygen at room temperature
e.
cutting a bar of sodium metal into pieces with a knife
10. Which one of the following represents a chemical change?
a.
lard when heated changes to liquid
b.
water disappears from a beaker in a few days at room temperature
c.
sugar dissolving in water
D
milk turns sour in a few days at room temperature
e.
water boils below 100oC on a mountain
11. Which one of the following represents a chemical change?
a.
heating water to form steam
B
sliced apples, in contact with air, turning brown
c.
sugar dissolving in hot coffee
d.
mixing sugar and cinnamon
e.
cutting a bar of sodium metal into pieces with a knife
12. Which of the following does not represent a chemical change?
a.
a freshly cut apple turns brown
b.
milk turns sour on standing at room temperature
C
when cooled, liquid water becomes ice
d.
bread rises when baking
e.
fermentation of sugar to alcohol
13. Condensation refers to which conversion?
a.
solid gas
b.
solid liquid
C
gas liquid
d.
gas solid
e.
liquid gas
14. The SI prefixes giga and micro represent, respectively:
a.
10-9 and 10-6.
b.
106 and 10-3.
c.
103 and 10-3.
D
109 and 10-6.
e.
10-9 and 10-3.
15. The SI prefixes milli and mega represent, respectively:
a.
106 and 10- 6.
B
10- 3 and 106.
c.
103 and 10- 6.
d.
10- 3 and 109.
e.
10- 6 and 10- 3.
16. The SI prefixes kilo and centi represent, respectively:
A
103 and 10- 2.
b.
106 and 10-1.
c.
10-3 and 10- 2.
d.
10- 6 and 102.
e.
102 and 10- 3.
17. The diameter of an atom is approximately 1 10- 8 cm. What is this diameter when expressed in
nanometers?
a.
1 10- 19 nm

b.
1 10- 15 nm
c.
1 101 nm
d.
1 10- 10 nm
E
1 10- 1 nm
18. 6.0 km is how many micrometers?
a.
6.0 106 m
b.
1.7 10- 7 m
C
6.0 109 m
d.
1.7 10- 4 m
e.
6.0 103 m
19. 2.4 km is how many millimeters?
a.
2,400 mm
b.
2.4 104 mm
c.
2.4 105 mm
D
2.4 106 mm
e.
2.4 10- 5 mm
20. How many milliliters is 0.005 L?
a.
0.5 mL
B
5 mL
c.
0.50 mL
d.
0.000005 mL
e.
200 mL
21. Express 7,500 nm as picometers.
a.
7.50 pm
b.
75.0 pm
c.
750 pm
D
7.5 106 pm
e.
7.5 1012 pm
22. Which of the following represents the largest mass?
a.
2.0 102 mg
b.
0.0010 kg
c.
1.0 105 g
D
2.0 102 cg
e.
10.0 dg
23. Lead melts at 601.0oC. What temperature is this in oF?
a.
302oF
b.
365oF
c.
1,050oF
d.
1,082oF
E
1,114oF
24. Ammonia boils at -33.4oC. What temperature is this in oF?
a.
- 60.1oF
b.
- 92.1oF
C
- 28.1oF
d.
- 18.5oF
e.
+13.5oF
25. Many home freezers maintain a temperature of 0oF. Express this temperature in oC.
a.
- 32oC
B
- 18oC
c.
0oC
d.
18oC
e.
57.6oC

26. The highest temperature ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona, was 122oF. Express this temperature in oC.
A
50.0oC
b.
64.4oC
c.
67.8oC
d.
162.0oC
e.
219.6oC
27. Dry ice (carbon dioxide) changes from a solid to a gas at -78.5oC. What is this temperature in oF?
a.
- 173oF
b.
- 12.6oF
C
- 109oF
d.
- 75.6oF
e.
none of them are within 2oF of the right answer
28. The number 1.050 109 has how many significant figures?
a.
2
b.
3
C
4
d.
9
e.
13
29. How many significant figures are there in 1.3070 g?
a.
6
B
5
c.
4
d.
3
e.
2
30. After carrying out the following operations, how many significant figures are appropriate to show in the
result?
(13.7 + 0.027) 8.221
a.
1
b.
2
C
3
d.
4
e.
5
31. How many significant figures does the result of the following operation contain?
8.52010 7.9
A
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
e.
6
32. How many significant figures does the result of the following sum contain?
8.5201 + 1.93
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
D
4
e.
5
33. How many significant figures does the result of the following sum contain?
8.520 + 2.7
a.
1
b.
2
C
3
d.
4

e.
5
34. How many significant figures does the difference 218.7201 - 218.63 contain?
A
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
5
e.
7
35. Do the indicated arithmetic and give the answer to the correct number of significant figures.
(1.5 10-4 61.3) + 2.01 =
a.
2.0192
b.
2.0
c.
2.019
D
2.02
e.
2.019195
36. When 7.02oC is converted to the Fahrenheit scale, how many significant figures are there in the oF result?
a.
1
b.
2
C
3
d.
4
e.
5
37. How many cubic inches are in 1.00 liter?
A
61.0 in3
b.
155 in3
c.
394 in3
d.
1.64 104 in3
e.
none of them
38. Convert 500. milliliters to quarts. (1L = 1.06 qt)
a.
1.88 qt
b.
0.472 qt
C
0.528 qt
d.
4.72 105 qt
e.
5.28 105 qt
39. A US barrel is 4.21 cubic feet. Express this volume in liters.
a.
3.99 10-5 L
b.
1.99 10-2 L
c.
19.9 L
d.
105 L
E
119 L
40. A barrel of oil contains 42.0 gallons. How many liters is this? (1L = 1.06 qt)
a.
9.9 L
b.
11 L
c.
142 L
D
158 L
e.
178 L
41. The average distance from Earth to the sun is 9.3 107 miles. How many kilometers is this?
A
1.5 108 km
b.
1.5 105 km
c.
5.6 107 km
d.
1.7 10 - 8 km
e.
1.5 1011 km
42. What is the area, in square centimeters, of a rectangle that is 6.0 inches by 7/8 inch?
a.
0.81 cm2

b.
2.1 cm2
c.
5.3 cm2
d.
13 cm2
E
34 cm2
43. Suppose a house has a floor area of 2,250 square feet. What is this area in units of square centimeters?
a.
2.42 cm2
B
2.09 106 cm2
c.
5.02 104 cm2
d.
6.86 104 cm2
e.
101 cm2
44. What is the volume, in cubic centimeters, of a brick that is 12.0 in. 20 mm 2.0 cm?
a.
10 cm3
b.
48 cm3
C
120 cm3
d.
480 cm3
e.
1,220 cm3
45. How many square kilometers are equivalent to 28.5 cm2?
A
2.85 10-9 km2
b.
2.85 10-6 km2
c.
285 km2
d.
2.85 10-4 km2
e.
none of these
46. How many cubic centimeters are there in exactly one cubic meter?
a.
1 10-6 cm3
b.
1 10-3 cm3
c.
1 10-2 cm3
d.
1 104 cm3
E
1 106 cm3
47. If a car has an EPA mileage rating of 30 miles per gallon, what is this rating in kilometers per liter? (1 L =
1.06 qt)
a.
200 km/L
b.
180 km/L
c.
70 km/L
D
13 km/L
e.
11 km/L
48. If the price of gasoline is $1.14 per U.S. gallon, what is the cost per liter? (1 L = 1.06 qt)
a.
$0.0434 /L
b.
$4.83 /L
C
$0.302 /L
d.
$0.269 /L
e.
$1.07 /L
49. An aluminum beverage can contains 12.0 fluid ounces of liquid. Express this volume in microliters. (1 fl oz
= 29.6 mL)
a.
0.355 L
b.
355 L
c.
405 L
d.
4.05 103 L
E
3.55 105 L
50. 157.2 106 troy oz of silver were used in the United States in 1980. How many gigagrams is this? (1 troy oz
= 31.1 g)
a.
4.89 109 Gg
B
4.89 Gg

c.
5.05 10 - 9 Gg
d.
3.12 Gg
e.
5.05 10 - 3 Gg
51. Table salt (sodium chloride) is 39.1% sodium. How many grams of salt contains 72.0 g of sodium?
a.
28.2 g salt
b.
72.0 g salt
C
184 g salt
d.
2,820 g salt
e.
1.84 105 g salt
52. A piece of metal with a mass of 125 g is placed into a graduated cylinder that contains 25.00 mL of water,
raising the water level to 56.00 mL. What is the density of the metal?
a.
5.00 g/cm3
B
4.03 g/cm3
c.
2.23 g/cm3
d.
1.51 g/cm3
e.
0.25 g/cm3
53. A piece of metal with a mass of 114 g was placed into a graduated cylinder that contained 25.00 mL of
water, raising the water level to 42.50 mL. What is the density of the metal?
a.
0.154 g/cm3
b.
0.592 g/cm3
c.
2.68 g/cm3
D
6.51 g/cm3
e.
7.25 g/cm3
54. Given the following densities at 25oC: magnesium: 1.7 g/cm3, graphite: 1.8 g/cm3, iron: 7.9 g/cm3. A block
of iron has a mass of 826 g. What is the mass of a block of magnesium that has the same volume as the
block of iron?
a.
1,400 g
b.
3,800 g
c.
830 g
D
180 g
e.
none of them are within 10 g of the right answer.
55. Given the following densities at 25oC: magnesium: 1.7 g/cm3, graphite: 1.8 g/cm3, iron: 7.9 g/cm3. A block
of iron has a mass of 483 g. What is the mass of a block of graphite that has the same volume as the block of
iron?
A
110 g
b.
2120 g
c.
6870 g
d.
34 g
e.
none of them are within 10 g of the right answer.
56. Calculate the mass of the air contained in a room that measures
2.50 m 5.50 m 3.00 m (density of air = 1.29 g/dm3 at 25oC).
a.
3.13 10 - 5 g
b.
32.0 kg
C
53.2 kg
d.
53.2 g
e.
None of these.
57. The density of lead is 11.4 g/cm3 at 25oC. Calculate the volume occupied by 25.0 g of lead.
A
2.19 cm3
b.
0.456 cm3
c.
285 cm3
d.
1.24 cm3
e.
6.05 cm3

58. Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm3. The volume occupied by 55.85 g of iron is
a.
0.141 cm3
B
7.11 cm3
c.
2.8 cm3
d.
439 cm3
e.
None of these.
59. Bromine is a red liquid at 25oC. Its density is 3.12 g/cm3. What is the volume of 28.1 g of liquid bromine?
a.
87.7 cm3
b.
0.111 cm3
C
9.01 cm3
d.
28.1 cm3
e.
None of these.
60. The Hope diamond weighs 44.0 carats. Determine the volume occupied by the diamond, given that its
density is 3.5 g/cm3 at 20oC, and that 1 carat = 0.200 g.
A
2.5 cm3
b.
0.40 cm3
c.
0.016 cm3
d.
63 cm3
e.
150 cm3
61. What is the volume of a 2.5 g block of metal if its density is 4.75 g/cm3?
A
0.53 cm3
b.
1.9 cm3
c.
2.5 cm3
d.
4.75 cm3
e.
11.9 cm3
62. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. How many liters does 251 g of Hg occupy?
a.
18.5 L
b.
54.9 L
C
1.85 10 - 2 L
d.
5.42 10 - 2 L
e.
3.41 103 L
63. The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3. How many quarts does 100. g of Hg occupy?
(1 L = 1.06 qt)
a.
144 qt
b.
7.35 qt
c.
7.79 qt
D
7.79 10 - 3 qt
e.
1.44 10 - 4 qt
64. A person walking fast requires 5.0 kcal of energy per minute. How many minutes of such exercise are
required to consume 400 kcal, the energy in a milk shake?
a.
0.0125 min
b.
5.0 min
C
80 min
d.
120 min
e.
2,000 min
65. Some molecules move with speeds approaching the "escape velocity" from Earth, which is 7.0 mile per
second. What is this speed in cm/h? (1 mile = 1609 m)
a.
313 cm/h
b.
4.1 105 cm/h
C
4.1 109 cm/h
d.
1.1 106 cm/h
e.
1.6 109 cm/h

66. Which of the following speeds is the greatest?

A
40 mi/h
b.
2.0 105 mm/min
c.
40 km/h
d.
0.74 km/min
e.
400 m/min
67. The diameter of Earth is 12.7 Mm. Express this diameter in centimeters.
a.
1.27 105 cm
b.
1.27 106 cm
c.
1.27 107 cm
d.
1.27 108 cm
E
1.27 109 cm
68. Silver has a density of 10.5 g/cm3. What mass of silver would be required to cover a football playing surface
of 120 yds 60 yds to a depth of 1.0 mm? (1 inch = 2.54 cm)
a.
570 kg
B
63 Mg
c.
6.0 106 g
d.
6.3 108 g
e.
6.9 105 g
69. Americans combined drive about 4.0 109 miles per day and their vehicles get an average of 20 miles per
gallon of fuel used. For each 1 kg of gasoline that is burned, about 3.0 kg of carbon dioxide are produced.
How many kilograms of CO2 are emitted into the atmosphere each day by cars in the U.S.? One gallon of
gas weighs about 3.5 kg.
A
2.1 109 kg
b.
8.4 1011 kg
c.
1.7 108 kg
d.
93 kg
e.
none of these
70. How many cubic centimeters of ore containing 0.22% by mass gold must be processed to obtain $100 worth
of gold? The density of the ore is 8.0 g/cm3 and the price of gold is $418 per troy ounce. (14.6 troy oz = 1.0
ordinary pound, called an avoirdupois pound; 1 lb = 454 g)
a.
42 cm3
b.
2.7 104 cm3
C
4.2 102 cm3
d.
6,200 cm3
e.
9.3 10 - 1 cm3
71. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is 3.00 108 m/s. How many minutes does it take for a radio
message to reach Earth from Mars if Mars is 9.9 107 km from Earth?
a.
5.5 10 - 3 min
b.
0.33 min
c.
1.8 1021 min
d.
19.8 min
E
5.5 min
72. Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is 3.00 108 m/s. How many kilometers will radio messages
to outer space travel in exactly one year?
a.
9.46 1015 km
b.
7.30 108 km
c.
7.10 1010 km
D
9.46 1012 km
e.
3.33 10 - 3 km
73. The city of Los Angeles is now approximately 2400 miles south of Alaska. It is moving slowly northward as
the San Andreas fault slides along. If Los Angeles is to arrive near Anchorage, Alaska, in 76 million years,

at what average rate will it have to move in mm per month?

a.
2.0 10 - 10 mm/mo.
b.
6.6 10 - 6 mm/mo.
C
4.2 mm/mo.
d.
9.5 mm/mo.
e.
51 mm/mo.
74. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium is 1.2 g. Calcium carbonate contains 12.0% calcium
by mass. How many grams of calcium carbonate are needed to provide the RDA of calcium?
a.
0.10 g
b.
0.14 g
c.
1.2 g
D
10 g
e.
14 g
75. The radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. If one could dig down straight towards the center of the
Earth, one would find that the outermost 2890 km (the crust and the mantle) has an average density of about
4.5 g/cm3. Farther down is the core. If the average density of the Earth is 5.5 g/cm3, what is the average
density of the Earth's core? (Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by V = (4/3)r3.)
A
11. g/cm3
b.
57. g/cm3
c.
6.2 g/cm3
d.
1.9 g/cm3
e.
not enough data is provided
76. The radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. If one could dig down straight towards the center of the
Earth, one would find that the innermost 3480 km (the core) has an average density of about 11. g/cm3.
Above that are the mantle and crust. If the average density of the Earth is 5.5 g/cm3, what is the average
density of the Earth's mantle and crust? (Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by V = (4/3)r3.)
a.
57. g/cm3
B
4.5 g/cm3
c.
8.7 g/cm3
d.
5.3 g/cm3
e.
not enough data is provided
77. Define matter.
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
78. What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
79. What are the common names for the three states of the compound water?
Ice, water, and steam
80. Define pure substance.
Something that has a definite composition
81. Give three examples of pure substances.
(Answers will vary.) Gold, sugar, oxygen, argon, water, methane
82. Define mixture.
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct
identities.
83. Name two types of mixtures.
Homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture
84. Give three examples of mixtures.
(Answers will vary.) Air, gasoline, sea water, salt and sand, iron filings and sand
85. Define element.
An element is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.
86. Defi
ne

com
pou
nd.
A compound is a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed
proportions.
87. Give
exa
mple
s of
three
phys
ical
prop
ertie
s.
(Answers will vary.) Melting point, boiling point, density, color
88. Give
an
exa
mple
of
an
exte
nsiv
e
prop
erty.
(Answers will vary.) Mass, length, and volume
89. Give
an
exa
mple
of
an
inte
nsiv
e
prop
erty.
(Answers will vary.) Temperature, density, melting point, boiling point
90. Iden
tify
the
follo
wing
as
phys
ical
or
che
mic
al

chan
ges:
(1)
Bact
eria
conv
erts
milk
to
yogu
rt.
(2)
Wat
er is
brok
en
dow
n
into
hydr
ogen
and
oxyg
en.
(3)
You
put
suga
r
into
coff
ee.
(4)
For
mati
on
of
sno
wfla
kes.
(5)
Rust
ing
of a
piec
e of
iron.
(6)
Ripe
ning
of
fruit.

(7)
Fash
ioni
ng a
table
leg
from
a
piec
e of
woo
d.
(8)
Fer
ment
ing
grap
es.
1. Chemical
2. Chemical
3. Physical
4. Physical
5. Chemical
6. Chemical
7. Physical
8. Chemical
91. Clas
sify
the
follo
wing
as
mixt
ures,
com
pou
nds,
or
elem
ents.
(1)
Bre
wed
coff
ee,
read
y to
drin
k
(2)
Suga

r to
put
in
the
coff
ee
(3)
Iron
fryin
g
pan
in
whic
h
you
cook
your
eggs
(4)
Salt
you
put
on
your
eggs
(5)
Oran
ge
juice
1. Mixture
2. Compound
3. Element
4. Compound
5. Mixture
92. An
orga
nic
liqui
d
has
a
dens
ity
of
0.8
g/cm
3
.
Wha
t is
the
mass
of a

42.0
mL
sam
ple
of
this
liqui
d?
30 g
93. Wha
t is
the
dens
ity
of
copp
er if
11.8
cm3
of
copp
er
has
a
mass
of
105.
2 g?
8.92 g/cm3
94. An
auto
mob
ile
engi
ne
has
a
pisto
n
displ
ace
ment
of
1,60
0
cm3.
(a)
How
man
y
liters

is
this?
(b)
How
man
y
cubi
c
inch
es is
this?
(1 in
=
2.54
cm)
a. 1.6 L, b. 98 in3
95. An
inve
stor
paid
a
large
price
for a
chun
k of
gold
that
he
was
told
was
pure
.
The
gold
bar
had
a
mass
of
440
g,
but
was
sligh
tly
irreg
ular
so
an
exac

t
volu
me
coul
d
not
be
calc
ulate
d.
The
inve
stor
fille
da
large
grad
uate
d
cylin
der
with
wate
r,
imm
erse
d the
chun
k of
gold
, and
obse
rved
an
incre
ase
in
the
appa
rent
volu
me
of
mate
rial
in
the
grad
uate
d
cylin
der

of
25.0
mL.
Pure
gold
has
a
dens
ity
of
19.3
g/cm
3
.
Did
the
inve
stor
get
his
mon
ey's
wort
h?
Why
or
why
not?
No. The investor's metal density is 17.6 g/cm3, thus the bar must not be pure gold.
96. Occ
asio
nally
,
uran
ium
hexa
fluor
ide
is
trans
port
ed
by
ship
in
seale
d
cont
ainer
s. If
an
acci
dent

shou
ld
occu
r
and
the
ship
were
to
sink,
woul
d the
uran
ium
hexa
fluor
ide
be a
solid
or a
liqui
d?
(mel
ting
poin
t of
uran
ium
hexa
fluor
ide
is
64.5
o
C)
Solid
97. An
Ame
rican
engi
neer
who
had
been
trans
ferre
d to
Euro
pe
was
aske
d to
buil

d
brid
ge
pilin
gs
exac
tly
as
he
had
in
the
Unit
ed
State
s.
Each
pilin
g
requ
ired
20.0
cubi
c
yard
s of
conc
rete
in
the
Unit
ed
State
s.
How
man
y
cubi
c
mete
rs of
conc
rete
are
requ
ired
for
each
pilin
g?
Give
n1

yd =
0.91
4 m.
15.3 m3
98. A
soft
drin
k
costs
55
cent
s for
a
12oz
can.
A
oneliter
bottl
e
costs
$1.2
5. In
whic
h
form
is
the
soft
drin
k
mor
e
expe
nsiv
e?
How
muc
h
mor
e
expe
nsiv
e?
(1.0
L=
1.05
7 qt,
1 qt
= 32
oz)

The one-liter bottle is the better value. The can is 1.2 times more expensive.
99. A
pers
on
weig
hs
150
lb,
and
the
corr
ect
dosa
ge
of a
drug
is
give
n as
1.50
mg
per
kilo
gra
m of
body
weig
ht.
How
man
y
milli
gra
ms
of
the
drug
shou
ld be
give
n?
(2.2
0 lb
=1
kg)
102 mg
You
have
just
mea
sure
da

bloc
k of
woo
d;
liste
d
belo
w is
a
parti
al
table
of
your
data.
Fill
in
the
blan
ks.
Mas
s=
55.1
20 g
Len
gth
(l) =
8.5
cm
Heig
ht
(h) =
4.3
cm
Widt
h
(w)
=
3.3
cm
100 Volu
. me
of
the
woo
d
bloc
k=
____
____
____
____

__
120 cm3
101 Den
. sity
of
the
woo
d
bloc
k=
____
____
____
____
__
0.46 g/cm3
You
have
just
mea
sure
da
meta
l
cylin
der;
liste
d
belo
w is
a
parti
al
table
of
your
data.
Fill
in
the
blan
ks.
Mas
s=
3.54
3g
Dia
mete
r=
0.53
cm
Heig

ht =
4.4
cm
Usin
g the
form
ulas
belo
w
deter
mine
:
(V=
r2
h,
wher
er=
radi
us, h
=
heig
ht,
=
3.14
)
102 Volu
. me
of
the
cylin
der
(V)
=
____
____
__
0.97 cm3
103 Den
. sity
of
the
cylin
der
=
____
____
__
3.7 g/cm3
You
have
just
mea

sure
da
suga
r
cube
;
liste
d
belo
w is
a
parti
al
table
of
your
data.
Fill
in
the
blan
ks.
Mas
s=
1.85
6g
Heig
ht =
1.3
cm
Len
gth
=
1.3
cm
Widt
h=
1.3
cm
104 Volu
. me
of
the
cube
=
____
____
__
2.2 cm3
105 Den
. sity
of

the
suga
r
cube
=
____
____
__
0.84 g/cm3
106 Tota
. l
surfa
ce
area
=
____
____
__
10. cm2
107 A
. geol
ogist
in
the
dese
rt
finds
a
huge
rock
in
the
shap
e of
a
cube
. He
woul
d
like
to
kno
w
the
weig
ht of
it.
How
ever,
sinc
e the
rock

is as
big
as a
three
story
buil
ding
, he
can't
very
well
weig
h it
on
his
tripl
e
bea
m
bala
nce.
He
there
fore
rem
oves
som
e
chip
s
from
the
rock
with
his
ham
mer
and
colle
cts
the
follo
wing
data:
mass
of
rock
chip
s=
50.0

0g
volu
me
of
rock
chip
s=
25.0
cm3
Len
gth
of
one
side
of
rock
cube
=
10.0
mete
rs
Dete
rmin
e the
mass
of
this
large
rock
in
kilo
gra
ms,
assu
min
g
that
the
rock
is of
unif
orm
com
posit
ion.
2 x 106 kg
108 Clas
. sify
each
of
the

follo
wing
as a
pure
subs
tanc
e or
a
mixt
ure:
a.
Ice
crea
m
b.
Brea
d
c.
Sno
w
d. A
penn
y
e.
Ink
f.
Seve
n
Up
a. Mixture
b. Mixture
c. Pure substance
d. Mixture
e. Mixture
f. Mixture
109 A
. pure
yello
w
cryst
allin
e
subs
tanc
e,
whe
n
heat
ed in
a
vacu
um,

relea
ses a
gree
nish
gas
and
a red
pow
der.
Is
the
origi
nal
yello
w
cryst
allin
e
subs
tanc
ea
com
poun
d or
elem
ent?
Compound
110 Clas
. sify
each
of
the
follo
wing
as a
phys
ical
or
che
mic
al
chan
ge:
a.
Anti
freez
e
boils
out
of a
radia
tor.

b. A
dish
of
cher
ries
jubil
ee is
flam
ed
with
bran
dy.
c. A
firefl
y
emit
s
light
.
d.
Foo
d
spoil
s.
e.
Alco
hol
evap
orate
s.
a. Physical
b. Chemical
c. Chemical
d. Chemical
e. Physical
111 Wha
. t is
the
dens
ity
of a
salt
solut
ion
if
50.0
mL
of
the
solut
ion
has

a
mass
of
57.0
g?
1.14 g/mL
112 Wha
. t is
the
volu
me
occu
pied
by
35 g
of
ouzo
,
whic
h
has
a
dens
ity
of
0.94
0
g/m
L?
37 mL
113 Wha
. t is
the
diffe
renc
e
betw
een
a
pure
subs
tanc
e
and
a
mixt
ure?
A pure substance has a definite and fixed composition. A mixture has a variable composition.
114 An
. exca
vato
r is

prep
arin
g to
dig a
base
ment
for a
new
hous
e.
Part
of
his
cont
ract
read
s
that
he
must
disp
ose
of
all
the
dirt
he
rem
oves
whil
e
digg
ing
the
base
ment
in an
EPA
appr
oved
land
fill.
He
will
dig a
hole
that
is 40
feet
wide
by
50

feet
long
and
7.5
feet
deep
. He
first
uses
his
shov
el
and
scoo
ps
up
1.00
kg
of
dirt,
and
then
deter
mine
s
that
the
dirt
has
a
volu
me
of
600
cm3.
The
exca
vato
r
kno
ws
that
his
dum
p
truc
k
can
only
carr
y
8,00

0 kg
of
dirt.
Wha
t is
the
total
weig
ht of
soil
that
the
exca
vato
r
must
rem
ove
and
how
man
y
dum
ptruc
k
load
s
will
it
requ
ire
to
haul
the
dirt
awa
y?
710,000 kg, 89 dump-truck loads
115 To
. save
mon
ey
the
U.S.
gove
rnm
ent
chan
ged
the
meta

l
from
whic
h it
mak
es
penn
ies.
Fro
m
the
data
sho
wn
in
the
table
belo
w,
deter
mine
whe
n the
gove
rnm
ent
chan
ged
the
com
posit
ion
of a
penn
y
MA
SS
&
DE
NSI
TY
TAB
LE
Coin
#
1
2
3
4

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
of
indivi
dual
meas
ureme
nts
Total
when
weigh
ed
collec
tively

Based on the table above, the change occurred between 1979 and 1984. (Note: If one were to redo the
experiment, one could determine that the change happened in 1982.)
116 The
. Wall
Stre
et
Jour
nal
lists
the
price
of
copp
er at
$1.3
3
per
poun
d.
Assu
min
g
that
"old
"

penn
ies
are
pure
copp
er,
use
the
data
in
the
table
abov
e to
find
the
valu
e of
the
meta
l in
one
"old
"
penn
y. (1
lb =
454
g)
$ 0.0090
117 The
. Wall
Stre
et
Jour
nal
lists
the
price
of
zinc
at
$.52
per
poun
d.
Assu
min
g
that
"ne
w"

penn
ies
are
pure
zinc,
use
the
data
in
the
table
abov
e to
find
the
valu
e of
the
meta
l in
one
"ne
w"
penn
y. (1
lb =
454
g)
$ 0.0029
118 Usin
. g the
data
from
prob
lems
1.11
2
and
1.11
3,
appr
oxi
mate
ly
how
muc
h are
taxp
ayer
s
savi
ng

per
one
billi
on
penn
ies
mint
ed?
$6,100,000
119 An
. alum
inu
m
can
weig
hs
15.8
g.
The
Wall
Stre
et
Jour
nal
lists
the
price
for
alum
inu
m at
$.52
8
per
poun
d.
How
muc
h is
this
can
wort
h?
(1 lb
=
454
g)
$ 0.0184
120 The
. cont
ents
of

bottl
es
cont
ainin
g
alco
hol
and
merc
ury
are
mixe
d
toget
her.
Alco
hol
has
a
dens
ity
of
0.7
g/m
L.
Mer
cury
has
a
dens
ity
of
14
g/m
L.
Whi
ch
liqui
d
form
s the
top
layer
of
the
mixt
ure?
Alcohol is on top; mercury is on the bottom.
121 Clas
. sify
the
follo

wing
as
eithe
ra
phys
ical
or a
che
mic
al
prop
erty.
A.
Ice
melt
s at
0oC.
____
____
____
____
_
B.
New
spap
er
burn
s.
____
____
____
____
_
C.
Glas
s
brea
ks.
____
____
____
____
_
D.
The
vita
min
cont
ent
of
food
s in

cont
act
with
air
falls.
____
____
____
____
_
A. physical B. chemical C. physical D. chemical
122 Clas
. sify
each
of
the
follo
wing
as
an
elem
ent,
a
com
pou
nd,
or a
mixt
ure.
A.
air
____
____
____
____
B.
table
salt
____
____
____
____
C.
baki
ng
soda
____
____
____
____
D.
wine

____
____
____
____
E.
oxyg
en
gas
____
____
____
____
A. mixture B. compound C. compound D. mixture E. element
123 How
. man
y
signi
fican
t
figur
es
does
the
num
ber
30.3
40
cont
ain?
5
124 How
. man
y
signi
fican
t
figur
es
does
the
num
ber
0.00
721
cont
ain?
3
125 The
. num
ber
9.64
870


105
cont
ains
how
man
y
signi
fican
t
figur
es?
6
126 Wha
. t
will
be
the
cost
of
gaso
line
for a
3,71
0mile
trip
in a
car
that
gets
13.3
mile
s per
gallo
n, if
the
aver
age
price
of
gas
is
89.9

per
gallo
n?
$251
127 Wha
. t
will

be
the
cost
of
gaso
line
for a
4,71
0mile
auto
mob
ile
trip
if
the
car
gets
27.3
mile
s per
gallo
n,
and
the
aver
age
price
of
gas
is
$1.2
49
per
gallo
n?
$215
128 The
. volu
me
of a
sphe
re is
give
n by
V=
(4/3)
r3
wher
e r is
the
radi

us.
Wha
t is
the
mass
of a
mag
nesi
um
sphe
re
with
a
radi
us of
0.80
cm?
(The
dens
ity
of
mag
nesi
um
is
1.74
g/cm
3
.)
3.7 g
129 The
. dens
ity
of
lead
is
11.4
g/cm
3
.
Expr
ess
this
in
poun
ds
per
cubi
c
foot.
711 lbs/ft3
130 Wha
. t is
the

mass
of
1.00
dm3
of
merc
ury?
The
dens
ity
of
merc
ury
is
13.6
g/cm
3
.
1.36 104 g
131 The
. weig
ht of
a
body
varie
s
acco
rdin
g to
the
forc
e of
grav
ity
exert
ed
on
the
body
.
TRUE
132 The
. SI
base
unit
of
lengt
h is
the
centi
mete
r.
FALSE

133 Mas
. s,
lengt
h,
and
volu
me
are
exte
nsiv
e
prop
ertie
s,
but
dens
ity is
an
inten
sive
prop
erty.
TRUE
134 20oC
. is
cold
er
than
40oF
.
FALSE
135 16
. meg
agra
ms
(Mg
) is
equa
l to
1.6

107
g.
TRUE
136 The
. conv
ersio
n of
wate
r
into
stea

m is
an
exa
mple
of a
che
mic
al
chan
ge.
FALSE
137 Wha
. t is
the
volu
me
occu
pied
by
72.0
g of
gaso
line,
whic
h
has
a
dens
ity
of
0.84
g/m
L?
85.5 mL
138 The
. SI
prefi
xes
giga
and
centi
repr
esen
t,
resp
ectiv
ely:
a
1
.
.
0

c
.

d
.

E
0
9
a
n
d
1
.
0
E
0
2
.
1
.
0
E
0
9
a
n
d
1
.
0
E
0
2
.
1
.
0
E
0
9
a
n
d
1
.
0
E
0
5
.
1
.
0

e
.

E
1
2
a
n
d
1
.
0
E
0
3
.
1
.
0
E
0
6
a
n
d
1
.
0
E
0
5
.

139 13
. km
is
how
man
y
micr
omet
ers?
a
1
.
.
3
0
E
0
5
m
i
c
r

b
.

c
.

o
m
e
t
e
r
s
1
.
3
0
E
0
2
m
i
c
r
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
1
.
3
0
E
0
4
m
i
c
r
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
1
.
3
0
E
1
0
m

e
.

i
c
r
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
1
.
3
0
E
0
7
m
i
c
r
o
m
e
t
e
r
s

140 11
. km
is
how
man
y
nano
mete
rs?
a
1
.
.
1
0
E
1
0
n
a
n
o
m
e
t
e

b
.

d
.

r
s
1
.
1
0
E
0
4
n
a
n
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
1
.
1
0
E
1
3
n
a
n
o
m
e
t
e
r
s
1
.
1
0
E
0
7
n
a
n
o
m
e
t
e
r

e
.

s
1
.
1
0
E
0
8
n
a
n
o
m
e
t
e
r
s

141 Wha
. t is
the
dens
ity
of a
salt
solut
ion
if
53.0
mL
of
the
solut
ion
has
a
mass
of
56.0
g?
1.06 g/mL
The density is found by dividing the mass of a solution by its volume.