1

Chemical Reactions
and Equations

SYLLABUS
Chemical reactionsChemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, Implications of a
balanced chemical equation, Types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition,
displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and
reduction.

Facts that Matter

Read the key and understand each term in the topic.
Practice writing equations and balancing them.
Solve all the question given in stipulated time.
Always answer the question as if you are explaining it to a layman.
Read and understand the complete question twice before answering.
Answer the questions in points.
Focus on different type of reactions with examples.
Understand the activities given in the text book.
The best way to remember is try and do the activities in lab under the supervision of
a teacher and record your observations.
Chemical reactions: The breaking and making of bonds between different atoms
to produce new substances is called chemical reaction.
Chemical equation: The representation of chemical reactions in the form of
formulae.
Balanced equation: The same number of atoms of each element on the LHS and
RHS of the equation.
Informative equation: Using symbols like s (solid), l (liquid), g (gas), aq (water
soluble solutions).
Type of reactions
Combination: When two elements or one element and one compound or two
compounds combine to give one single product.

 Decomposition: Splitting of a compound into two or more simple products (New

compound).
Displacement: More reactive metal displaces the less reactive metal and takes its place.
Double displacement: Two different atoms or groups of atoms displace each other.
Oxidation: Reaction that involves the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen.
Reduction: Reaction that shows the loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen.
Redox Reaction: Chemical reaction which shows both oxidation and reduction reaction.
Precipitation: The formation of insoluble compound called precipitate in a reaction.
Corrosion: Metal when attacked by oxygen, water, acids, gases etc. present in the
atmosphere changes its surface.
Rusting: Iron when reacts with oxygen and moisture forms red substance called rust.
Rancidity: Oils and fats when get oxidized on exposure to air show change in smell
and taste.

NCERT IN-TEXT ACTIVITIES SOLVED

ACTIVITY 1.1
Ans. Magnesium ribbon burns with dazzling light and substance formed is magnesium
oxide.
2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)

ACTIVITY 1.2
Ans. Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form lead iodide which is insoluble in
water and yellow in colour.
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

ACTIVITY 1.3
Ans. When zinc metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid then zinc chloride is formed
and bubbles of hydrogen gas are observed. The conical flask becomes hot which
shows that the reaction is exothermic.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(dil) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) +

ACTIVITY 1.4
Ans. Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime (calcium
hydroxide) releasing a large amount of heat.
CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq) +
The reaction is combination in nature as calcium oxide reacts with water to form a
single product, calcium hydroxide.

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ACTIVITY 1.5
Ans. The green colour of ferrous sulphate crystals changes to brownish-black ferric oxide
and smell of burning sulphur dioxide is observed.
2FeSO4(s) Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)

ACTIVITY 1.6
Ans. Pungent smelling, brown fumes are evolved due to NO2 gas and brownish residue of
lead oxide (PbO) is left.
2Pb(NO3)2(s) PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

ACTIVITY 1.7
Ans. The volume of one of the gases i.e., hydrogen, is twice the volume of the other gas,
oxygen. One of the gases catches fire and burns with pop sound (hydrogen) whereas
in other gas, candle burns brightly (oxygen). The gas collected at anode is oxygen
and the gas collected at cathode is hydrogen.

ACTIVITY 1.8
Ans. White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight because silver metal is formed due to
photolytic reaction and chlorine gas is evolved.
sunlight

2AgCl(s) 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

ACTIVITY 1.9
Ans. Copper sulphate solution is blue when an iron nail is dipped in it, its blue colour
changes. This happens due to the following displacement reaction. Iron being more
reactive than Cu, displaces it thereby forming a new product iron sulphate and copper
metal.
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
The colour of copper sulphate in test tube A is dark blue and its colour in test tube
B is light blue.
The colour of iron nail becomes brownish when dipped in test tube B as copper
metal deposits on it.
The colour of the solution becomes green due to the formation of FeSO4.

ACTIVITY 1.10
Ans. When sodium sulphate reacts with barium chloride white precipitate of barium
sulphate is formed.
Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

ACTIVITY 1.11
Ans. The surface of copper powder on heating becomes black. Copper when heated in air
reacts with oxygen to produce copper oxide.

2Cu + O2
2Cu

Chemical Reactions and Equations

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NCERT IN-TEXT QUESTIONS SOLVED

Q1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?
Ans. A magnesium ribbon is cleaned before burning in air because magnesium reacts with
oxygen slowly to form magnesium oxide. The layer of magnesium oxide should be
removed by sand paper.
Q2. Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen chloride
(ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride.
Ans. H2 + Cl2 2HCl
3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3
Q3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state, symbols for the following reaction.
(i) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble
barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in
water) to produce sodium chloride solution and water.
Ans. (i) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) BaSO4(ppt.) + 2NaCl(aq)
(ii) NaOH(aq) + HCl(l) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Q4. A solution of a substance X is used for white washing.
(i) Name the substance X and write its formula.
(ii) Write the reaction of the substance X named in (i) above with water.
Ans. (i) X is quick lime (CaO) which is used for white washing.
(ii) CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
Q5. Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tube in Activity 1.7 double of the
amount collected in the other? Name the gas.
Ans. It is because water is formed when hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of
2:1 by volume, the gas with double volume is hydrogen. Two atoms of hydrogen
combine with one atom of oxygen to form water hence, volume of hydrogen is double.
Q6. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped
in it?
Ans. Copper sulphate solution is blue in colour when an iron nail is dipped in it, its blue
colour changes. This happens due to the following displacement reaction. Iron being
more reactive than Cu, displaces it thereby forming a new product iron sulphate and
copper metal.
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

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Q7. Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given in Activity 1.10.
Ans.

Pb ( NO3 )2 +

(Lead nitrate)

2HCl
(Hydrochloric
acid)

PbCl2 ( s ) + 2HNO3
(Lead chloride)

(Nitric acid)

Q8. Identify the substance that is oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the
following reactions.
(i) 4Na(s) + O2(g) 2Na2O(s)
(ii) CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O(l)
Ans. (i) Sodium metal is oxidised and oxygen is reduced to Na2O.
(ii) Copper oxide is reduced to copper and hydrogen is oxidised to H2O.

QUESTIONS FROM NCERT TEXTBOOK

Q1. Which of the following statements about the reaction below are incorrect?
2PbO(s) + C(s) 2Pb(s) + CO2(g)
(a) Lead is getting reduced.
(b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
(c) Carbon is getting oxidised.
(d) Lead oxide is getting reduced.
(i) (a) and (b)
(iii) (a), (b) and (c)

(ii) (a) and (c)

(iv) all

Ans. (i) (a) and (b)

Q2. Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe
The above reaction is an example of
(a) combination reaction.
(b) double displacement reaction.
(c) decomposition reaction.
(d) displacement reaction.
Ans. (d) displacement reaction.
Q3. What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct
answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron salt and water are produced.
Ans. (a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.

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Q4. What is balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?
Ans. Balanced chemical equations means total number of atoms of each element should
be equal on both sides of the reaction in reactants and products. The reaction should
be balanced because matter can neither be created nor be destroyed. The total mass
of reactants should be equal to total mass of products i.e., mass of reactants = mass
of product.
Q5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.
(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a
precipitate of barium sulphate.
(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Ans. (a) 3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g)
(b) 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) 2H2O(l) + 2SO2(g)
(c) 3BaCl2(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) 2AlCl3(aq) + 3BaSO4(s)
(d) 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH + H2(g)
Q6. Balance the following chemical equations.
(a) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2

Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

(b) NaOH + H2SO4

Na2SO4 + H2O

(c) NaCl + AgNO3

AgCl + NaNO3

(d) BaCl2 + H2SO4

BaSO4 + HCl

Ans. (a) 2HNO3(aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

(b) 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(c) NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgCl(s)+ 2 + NaNO3(aq)
(d) BaCl2(aq) H2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2HCl(aq)
Q7. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate + Water
(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate Zinc nitrate + Silver
(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride Aluminium chloride + Copper
(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
Ans. (a) Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) + H2O
(b) Zn(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
(c) 2Al(s) + 3CuCl2(aq) 2AlCl3(aq) + 3Cu(s)
(d) BaCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2KCl(aq)

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Q8. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction
in each case.
(a) Potassium bromide(aq) + Barium iodide(aq) Potassium iodide(aq) +
Barium bromide(s)
(b) Zinc carbonate(s) Zinc oxide(s) + Carbon dioxide(g)
(c) Hydrogen(g) + Chlorine(g) Hydrogen chloride(g)
(d) Magnesium(s) + Hydrochloric acid(aq) Magnesium chloride (aq) + Hydrogen(g)
Ans. (a) 2KBr(aq) + BaI2(aq) 2KI(aq) + BaBr2(s)
(b) ZnCO3(s) ZnO(s) + CO2(g)
(c) H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g)
(d) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Q9. What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
Ans. Exothermic: Those reactions in which heat is evolved are called exothermic
reaction. Heat symbol is shown at product side.
e.g., C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) +
Endothermic: Those reactions in which heat is absorbed are called endothermic
reaction. Heat symbol is shown at reactant side.
CaCO3(s) + CaO(s) + CO2(g)
Q10. Why is respiration considered as exothermic reaction? Explain.
Ans. (1) In respiration glucose gets oxidized to form carbon dioxide, water and heat is
evolved. (2) As heat energy is released during respiration it is regarded as exothermic
reaction.
Q11. Why are the decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions? Write
equations for these reactions.
Ans. In decomposition reaction, single compound is broken down into simpler compounds
or elements.
e.g., CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
In combination reaction, two or more elements or compounds combine to form a single
new compound.
e.g., CO2(g) + CaO(s) CaCO3(s)
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3 (g)
Hence the decomposition and combination are opposite to each other.
Q12. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the
form of heat, light and electricity.
Ans. In decomposition reaction, a compound is broken down into simpler compounds or
elements e.g.,

Chemical Reactions and Equations

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heat

Heat CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

sunlight

Light 2AgBr(s) 2Ag(s) + Br2(g)

electric

2H2(g) + O2(g)
Electricity 2H2O(l)
current

Q13. What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write
equations for these reactions.
Ans. In displacement reaction more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from
its salt solution.
e.g., Zn(s) + CuCl2(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + Cu(s)
In double displacement reaction, two different compounds exchange their ions and
form new compounds.
e.g., NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
Q14. In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved
displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.
Ans. Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Q15. What do you mean by precipitation reaction? Explain it by giving examples.
Ans. Those reactions in which reactants react to form an insoluble compound precipitate
are called precipitation reactions.
e.g., AgNO3(aq)+ NaCl(aq) AgCl (white ppt.)(s) + NaNO3(aq)
Q16. Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.
(a) Oxidation

(b) Reduction

Ans. (a) Oxidation: It is a process in which gain of oxygen takes place or loss of
hydrogen takes place.
Burning
2MgO(s)
e.g., 2Mg(s) + O2(g)
Mg is oxidized to MgO.

(b) Reduction: It is a process in which loss of oxygen takes place or gain of

hydrogen takes place.
e.g., CuO(s) + H2(g) heat Cu(s) + H2O(g)
CuO is reduced to form Cu.
Q17. A shiny brown coloured element X on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the
element X and the black coloured compound formed.
Ans. X is a copper metal, on heating in air it gets oxidized to form CuO which is black in colour.
heat

2Cu(s) + O2(g) 2CuO(s)

Q18. Why do we apply paint on iron articles?
Ans. We apply paint on iron articles so as to prevent it from rusting. When the surface of
iron is coated with paint, its surface does not come in contact with oxygen and
moisture, therefore, rusting does not take place.

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Q19. Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
Ans. The food items containing oil and fat are flushed with nitrogen because oil and fat
become rancid on oxidation which has the bad taste and smell. The nitrogen flushing
prevents the oxidation of food so that it does not become rancid.
Note: (Food is kept in refrigerator so as to reduce the temperature which slows
down the rate of oxidation and preserve the food for longer time).
Q20. Explain the following terms with one example each.
(a) Corrosion

(b) Rancidity

Ans. (a) Corrosion: It is a process in which metal reacts with substances present in
atmosphere to form surface compounds. For example, iron reacts with oxygen in
the presence of moisture and forms rust. Silver turns black due to formation of
silver sulphide and copper turns green due to the formation of copper carbonate.
Rust: Fe O .2H O (Hydrated ferric oxide)
2

(b) Rancidity: It is a process in which food material gets spoiled when it comes in
contact with oxygen. It leads to the change in taste and smell of food materials.
For example, butter gets spoiled due to oxidation at room temperature if kept
for a longer time, it becomes sour in taste and gives a foul smell. The product
formed on oxidation of food is rancid and such a process is called rancidity.

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. 10 g of hydrogen is burnt in the presence of excess oxygen. The mass of water
formed is
(a) 90 g

(b) 45 g

(c) 10 g

(d) 18 g

2. The chemical formula of lead sulphate is

(a) Pb2SO 4

(b) Pb(SO4)2

(c) PbSO4

(d) Pb 2(SO4)3

3. In the reaction, SO2 (g) + 2H2S (g) 2H2O(l) + S(s), the reducing agent is
(a) SO2

(b) H2O

(c) H2S

(d) S

4. Which information is not conveyed by a balanced chemical equation?

(a) Physical states of reactants and products
(b) Symbols and formulae of all the substances involved in a particular reaction
(c) Number of atoms/molecules of the reactants and products formed
(d) Whether a particular reaction is actually feasible or not

Chemical Reactions and Equations

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5. Chemically rust is
(a) hydrated ferrous oxide

(b) only ferric oxide

(c) hydrated ferric oxide

(d) none of these

6. Which of the following are exothermic processes?

(i) Evaporation of water
(ii) Dilution of an acid (H2SO4)
(iii) Reaction of water with quick lime
(iv) Sublimation of camphor (crystals)
(a) (i) and (ii)

(b) (iii) and (iv)

(c) (i) and (iv)

(d) (ii) and (iii)

7. Both CO2 and H2 gases are

(a) heavier than air

(b) colourless

(c) acidic in nature

(d) soluble in water

8. The following reaction is an example of

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
(i) displacement reaction
(ii) combustion reaction
(iii) redox reaction
(iv) neutralisation reaction
(a) (i) and (iv)

(b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (iii) and (iv)

(d) (i) and (ii)

9. Which of the following gases can be used for storage of fresh sample of an oil for a
long time?
(a) Carbon dioxide or oxygen

(b) Nitrogen or helium

(c) Helium or oxygen

(d) Nitrogen or oxygen

10. Methane on combustion gives

(a) CO2

(b) H2O

(c) both CO2 and H2O

(d) neither CO2 nor H2O

11. The electrolytic decomposition of water gives H2 and O2 in the ratio of

(a) 1 : 2 by volume

(b) 2 : 1 by volume

(c) 8 : 1 by mass

(d) 1 : 2 by mass

12. In the decomposition of lead (II) nitrate to give lead (II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide and
oxygen gas, the coefficient of nitrogen dioxide (in the balanced equation) is

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(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) 3

(d) 4

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13. Reddish-brown copper metal forms a black solid on combustion. Which of the
following statement is incorrect?
(a) Black solid is CuO.
(b) The reaction is a redox reaction.
(c) The reaction is a precipitation reaction.
(d) Copper is being oxidised.
14. Which of the following reaction is used in white washing of walls?
(a) 2Ca + O2 2CaO
(b) CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 +
(c) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O

(d) Ca(OH)2 CaO + H2O

15. Fatty foods become rancid due to the process of

(a) oxidation

(b) corrosion

(c) reduction

(d) hydrogenation

16. We store silver chloride in a dark coloured bottle because it is

(a) a white solid

(b) undergoes redox reaction

(c) to avoid action by sunlight

(d) none of the above

17. Silver article turns black when kept in the open for a few days due to formation of
(a) H2S

(b) AgS

(c) AgSO4

(d) Ag2S

18. Based on the reaction given below, what is the correct increasing order of reactivity
of metals?
(i) Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
(ii) Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) No reaction
(iii) Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag(s)
(iv) 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) No reaction
(a) Ag < Cu < Fe

(b) Fe > Cu > Ag

(c) Fe < Cu < Ag

(d) Cu < Ag < Fe < Zn

19. When crystals of lead nitrate are heated strongly in a dry test tube
(a) crystals immediately melt

(b) a brown residue is left

(c) white fumes appear in the tube

(d) a yellow residue is left

20. Which of the following will be required to identify the gas evolved when dilute
hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal?
(a) Lime water

(b) Red litmus paper

(c) A burning splinter

(d) pH paper

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21. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to granulated zinc taken in a test tube. The
following observations are recorded. Point out the correct observation.
(a) The surface of metal becomes shining
(b) The reaction mixture turns milky
(c) Odour of a pungent smelling gas is recorded
(d) A colourless and odourless gas is evolved
22. When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water,
(a) calcium hydroxide is formed

(b) white precipitate of CaO is formed

(c) lime water turns milky

(d) colour of lime water disappears.

23. In which of the following chemical equations, the abbreviation represent the correct
states of the reactants and products involved at reaction temperature?
(a) 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
(b) 2H2(g) + O2(l) 2H2O(l)
(c) 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)
(d) 2H2(l) + O2(l) 2H2O(g)
24. Identify the following type of reaction:
Heat

2KCl (s) + 3O2(g)

2KClO3
Catalyst

(a) It is a combination reaction.

(b) It is a decomposition reaction and is accompanied by release of heat.
(c) It is a photochemical decomposition reaction and exothermic in nature.
(d) It is a decomposition reaction and is endothermic in nature.
25. What is true about the following equation?
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
(i) Iron metal is being oxidised
(ii) Water is being reduced
(iii) Water is acting as reducing agent
(iv) Water is acting as oxidising agent
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)

(b) (ii) and (iv)

(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)

(d) (ii) and (iv)

26. When a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed is

(a) black

(b) white

(c) yellow

(d) pink

27. In which of the following, heat energy will be evolved?

(a) Electrolysis of water

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(b) Dissolution of NH4Cl in water

(c) Burning of L.P.G.
(d) Decomposition of AgBr in the presence of sunlight
28. Rancidity can be prevented by
(a) adding antioxidants

(b) storing food away from light

(c) keeping food in refrigerator

(d) all of these

29. Which of the following is not an example of single displacement reaction?

(a) CuO + H2 H2O + Cu
(b) Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
(c) 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O
(d) Zn + 2HCl H2 + ZnCl2
30. The reaction of H2 gas with oxygen gas to form water is an example of
(a) combination reaction

(b) redox reaction

(c) exothermic reaction

(d) all of these reactions

31. In the reaction

CuO + H2 Cu + H2O, the correct statement is
(a) CuO is an oxidising agent
(b) H2 is getting oxidised
(c) The reaction is a displacement reaction
(d) All of these
32. The reaction in which two compound exchange their ions to form two new
compounds is called
(a) displacement reaction

(b) combination reaction

(c) double displacement reaction

(d) redox reaction

33. On immersing an iron nail in CuSO4 solution for few minutes, you will observe
(a) no reaction takes place
(b) the colour of solution fades away
(c) the surface of iron nails acquire a black coating
(d) the colour of solution changes to green
34. An element X on exposure to moist air turns reddish-brown and a new compound Y
is formed. The substance X and Y are
(a) X = Fe, Y = Fe2O3

(b) X = Ag, Y = Ag2S

(c) X = Cu, Y = CuO

(d) X = Al, Y = Al2O3

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Answers
1. (d)

2. (c)

3. (c)

4. (d)

5. (c)

6. (d)

7. (b)

8. (b)

9. (b)

10. (c)

11. (b)

12. (d)

13. (a)

14. (d)

15. (a)

16. (c)

17. (d)

18. (b)

19. (b)

20. (c)

21. (d)

22. (c)

23. (a)

24. (d)

25. (c)

26. (b)

27. (c)

28. (d)

29. (c)

30. (a)

31. (d)

32. (c)

33. (d)

34. (a)

II. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 mark)

Q1. Give the formula for lime.
Ans. CaO
Q2. Give the formula for iron(II) oxide and iron (III) oxide.
Ans. FeO is iron (II) oxide
Fe2O3 is iron (III) oxide
Q3. Give the formula for rust.
Ans. Fe2O3.2H2O
Q4. Name the conditions necessary for rusting.
Ans. Oxygen and moisture
Q5. Name the reaction seen during rancidity of food.
Ans. Oxidation
Q6. Name the different forms of energy required for breaking down the reactants in
decomposition reaction.
Ans. Heat, light and electricity
Q7. What is the insoluble substance formed in a chemical reaction called?
Ans. Precipitate
Q8. What does (II) in lead (II) nitrate indicate?
Ans. It indicates that the valency of lead in this case is 2 and it form +2 ions.
Q9. What are noble metals?
Ans. Metals which do not react at any temperature, e.g., gold.
Q10. Name two metals which do not corrode?
Ans. Gold and platinum
Q11. Name the products obtained when silver bromide is exposed to sunlight.
Ans. Silver and bromine
Q12. Name the gas which burns with pop sound.
Ans. Hydrogen gas

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Q13. Name the compound used to test the evolution of carbon dioxide gas.
Ans. Calcium hydroxide solution (freshly prepared), also called lime water, is used to
test CO2 gas.
Q14. Name the gas evolved when lead nitrate is heated.
Ans. Nitrogen dioxide gas is brown in colour.
Q15. Write the formula for two oxides of sulphur.
Ans. SO2 and SO3
Q16. Give the examples of exothermic reaction.
Ans. Respiration and water added to lime
Q17. Give one example of decomposition reaction that occurs in nature.
Ans. Rotting of fruits and vegetables
Q18. Name the type of reaction in which two or more than two reactants form a single
compound.
Ans. Combination reaction
Q19. What is breaking and making of bonds in chemicals called?
Ans. Chemical reaction
Q20. Name the chemical used in black and white photography.
Ans. Silver bromide
Q21. Name the ions present in barium sulphate.
Ans. Ba

2+

and SO4

Q22. Name the reaction which forms insoluble salts.

Ans. Precipitation reaction
Q23. State the reaction in which hydrogen acts as a reducing agent.
Ans. CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
Q24. Give one use of quick lime.
Ans. It is used in manufacture of cement.
Q25. Give one example of decomposition reaction in which solid and gas are two products
obtained.
Ans. CaCO3 CaO + CO2
CaO is a solid and carbon dioxide is a gas.

III. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 or 3 marks)

Q1. What happens when carbon dioxide and water react in the same ratio?
Ans. When 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 6 molecules of water react together glucose
is formed with the evolution of oxygen gas.
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Chemical Reactions and Equations

23

Q2. How can you chemically remove the black coating of copper oxide?
Ans. The black coating of copper oxide can be removed chemically by passing hydrogen
gas over heated copper oxide. The black coating turns brown as oxygen is removed
by hydrogen.
Q3. Product formed when A and B react together are zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. Find
reactant A and B.
Ans. The reactant A is zinc metal and the reactant B is hydrochloric acid.
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Q4. Name the product obtained and type of reaction given below:
Na2SO4 + BaCl2

Ans. The products obtained in the above reaction are as follows:

Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2NaCl
The reaction is double displacement.
Q5. When quick lime is added to water a hissing sound is produced. Write the chemical
reaction and name the type of reaction taking place.
Ans. CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 +
It is exothermic and combination reaction.
Q6. Three test tubes are taken and labelled as A, B and C. In test tube A iron nail is dipped
and water is added to it. In test tube B iron nail is dipped in mixture of water and oil
and in test tube C iron nail is added with dry calcium chloride. Name the test tube in
which the iron nail will rust and why?
Ans. The iron nail will rust in test tube A because it provides the condition required for
rusting, both moisture as well as air is present in it.
Q7. Metal X becomes green when left in air, turns black when heated in air. Name the metal
and the compounds formed in both the cases.
Ans. X is copper.
Green compound is due to formation of copper carbonate and black colour compound
is due to the formation of copper oxide.
Q8. Give two examples of a reaction which is both endothermic and decomposition in nature.
heat
Ans. CaCO3(s)
CaO(s) + CO2(g)
heat
ZnCO3(s)
ZnO(s) + CO2(g)

Q9. Explain why most of the metal articles become dull when kept exposed to air?
Ans. Metal articles react with the gases present in the air and their surface gets coated
with the layer of compound it forms making them look dull and the lustre is lost. For

24

Science-X

example, aluminium metal reacts readily with oxygen to form aluminium oxide and
its surface becomes dull.
Q10. What is rancidity? What is the general name of chemicals which are added to fat and oil
containing food so as to prevent the rancidity?
Ans. The oil and fat containing food when left exposed to air reacts with oxygen and gets
oxidized and become rancid, this process is called rancidity. In this process their
smell and taste changes. The general name of the chemicals that are added to prevent
this oxidation are called as antioxidants. For example, nitrogen gas is an antioxidant.
Q11. Define displacement reaction. Give one example of it, how is it different from double
displacement reaction?
Ans. The reaction in which more reactive metal displaces (takes place of) the less reactive
metal from its compound, is called as displacement reaction.
e.g., Fe(s) + CuSO4 (aq) FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
It is different from double displacement reaction because in double displacement
reaction two different elements or atoms or ions are exchanged for each other.
e.g., Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2NaCl
Q12. Give differences between the exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Ans. Exothermic reaction: In this reaction heat is given out during the reaction.
Endothermic reaction: In this reaction heat is taken in to break the bonds and to
form new compounds.
Q13. Explain and name the type of reaction seen when iron reacts with hydrochloric acid.
Ans. Iron reacts with HCl to release hydrogen gas and iron chloride is formed. This
reaction is called as displacement reaction.
Q14. Why is photosynthesis considered as endothermic reaction?
Ans. Photosynthesis is a reaction in which energy is required to form glucose from carbon
dioxide and water. Energy in the form of sunlight is also required to break the bonds
of hydrogen and oxygen. Hence it is termed as endothermic reaction.
Q15. What is electrolytic decomposition? Give two uses of electrolytic decomposition reaction.
Ans. When electricity is passed through a molten compound which is ionic in nature, then
the ions of the compound separate into its components thereby decomposing the
compound.
It is used in separating hydrogen and oxygen gas from water. It is also used to
separate gases or metals (elements) from the compound.
Q16. Give one example for each of the following reactions:
(a) Combination reaction

(b) Decomposition reaction

(c) Displacement reaction

Chemical Reactions and Equations

25

Ans. (a) Combination reaction

2Mg + O2 2MgO

heat
(b) Decomposition reaction CaCO3
CaO + CO2
(c) Displacement reaction
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu

Q17. Give three ways used to prevent rusting.

Ans. (i) Oiling of metals

(ii) Applying paints

(iii) Making an alloy

Q18. Define corrosion, rusting and rancidity.
Ans. Corrosion: Metals when kept exposed, it reacts with air moisture, acids and other
gases present in atmosphere and get corrode. This process is called corrosion.
Rusting: Iron metal when left exposed, it reacts with moisture and air and get
coated with reddish brown powdery substance called rust, this process is called
rusting.
Rancidity: Food containing fats and oil when exposed to air gets oxidised and gives
bad taste and smell to food. This process is called rancidity.
Q19. Name the type of reaction for the following:
(i) Vegetable matter changing into compost.
(ii) Burning of natural gas.
(iii) Adding water to quick lime to form slaked lime.
Ans. (i) Vegetable matter changing into compost is exothermic and decomposition reaction.
(ii) Burning of natural gas is exothermic reaction.
(iii) Adding water to quick lime to form slaked lime is combination reaction and
exothermic in nature.
Q20. How can one make an equation more informative?
Ans. To make a chemical equation more informative:
(i) The physical state of the reactants and products are mentioned like gaseous (g),
liquids (l), aqueous (aq), solid (s).
(ii) Conditions such as temperature, pressure catalyst is mentioned above/below
the arrow in the equation.
Q21. Give the chemical equations (balanced) for the following:
(1) Reaction used in black and white photography.
(2) Reaction when glucose is oxidised.
(3) Formation of water from H2 and O2.
Sunlight
Ans. (1) 2AgBr(s)
2Ag(s) + Br2(g)

(2) C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq) 6CO2(aq) + 6H2O(l) + Energy

(3) 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)

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Q22. Give equations to show the chemical reactions of zinc and lead where it displaces copper
from its compound.
Ans. Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Copper sulphate

Zinc sulphate

Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) PbCl2(aq) + Cu(s)

Copper chloride

Lead chloride

Q23. Explain oxidation and reduction reaction with examples.

Ans. Oxidation reaction: The reaction in which oxygen is gained or hydrogen is lost, is
called oxidation reaction.
heat
e.g., 2Cu + O 2
2CuO

Reduction reaction: The reaction in which hydrogen is gained or oxygen is lost, is

called reduction reaction.
heat
e.g., CuO + H2
Cu + H2O

CuO gets reduced as oxygen is lost

Q24. What happens chemically when quick lime is added to water?

(CBSE 2008)

Ans. Quick lime is CaO. On adding water to it large amount of heat is released, hissing
sound is produced and bubbles are formed.
Q25. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid reacts with an
active metal?
(CBSE 2008)
Ans. The gas liberated is hydrogen and it can be tested by taking a burning match stick
near the mouth of the test tube in which reaction is taking place. The match stick
will burn with a pop sound.
Q26. What is an oxidation reaction? Identify in the following reactions:
(i) the substance oxidized and (ii) the substance reduced.
ZnO + C Zn + CO

(CBSE 2008)

Ans. The reaction in which a substance looses hydrogen or gains oxygen, is called
oxidation reaction. In the given reaction C is oxidized as it gains oxygen and ZnO is
reduced as it looses oxygen.
Q27. Give an example of photochemical reaction.

(CBSE 2008)

Ans. In black and white photography AgBr gets decomposed due to light and forms Ag
and bromine gas.
Q28. Give an example of a decomposition reaction. Describe an activity to illustrate such a
reaction by heating.
(AI CBSE 2008)
Ans. Example of decomposition reaction:
heat
CaCO3
CaO + CO2

Chemical Reactions and Equations

27

Activity:
Take a test tube add CaCO3 in it and heat. Gas is evolved allow it to pass through
lime water which turns milky.
Q29. Balance the following chemical equation:
Fe(s) + H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + H2(g)

(AI CBSE 2008)

Ans. 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

Q30. Why is respiration considered as exothermic process?

(AI CBSE 2008)

Ans. During respiration heat is released so it is termed as an exothermic reaction.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Q31. Balance the following chemical equation:
heat
FeSO4
Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

(AI CBSE 2008 C)

heat
Ans. 2FeSO4
Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

Q32. Balance the following chemical equation:

MnO2 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O

(AI CBSE 2008)

Ans. MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

Q33. On what basis is a chemical equation balanced?

(CBSE 2008 F)

Ans. The number of atoms on left hand side of the reaction (i.e., reactants) is equal to the
number of atoms on the right hand side of the equation (i.e., product).
Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass of atoms in chemical reaction can neither be created
nor be destroyed, it remains the same.
Q34. State any two observations in an activity, which may suggest that a chemical reaction
has taken place. Given examples to support your answer.
(CBSE 2008 F)
Ans. The following observations in an activity may suggest that a chemical reaction has
taken place:
Change in state

Change in colour

Evolution of a gas

Change in temperature

Q35. Identify the type of reaction in the following example:

Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

(CBSE 2008 C)

Ans. It is a double displacement reaction.

Q36. Identify the type of reaction in the following example:
Fe(s) + CuSO4 (aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Ans. It is a displacement reaction. Fe displaces Cu from CuSO4.

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Science-X

(CBSE 2008 C)

Q37. Identify the type of reaction in the following example:

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)

(CBSE 2008 C)

Ans. It is a combination reaction.

Q38. Balance the given chemical equation:
HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

(AI CBSE 2008 C)

Ans. 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

Q39. Balance the given chemical equation:
Al(s) + CuCl2(aq) AlCl3(aq) + Cu(s).

(AI CBSE 2008 C)

Ans. 2Al(s) + 3CuCl2(aq) 2AlCl3(aq) + 3Cu(s).

Q40. Balance the following chemical equation:
heat
Pb(NO3)2(s)
PbO(s) + NO2(g) + O2(g)

(CBSE 2009)

heat
Ans. 2Pb(NO3)2
2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

Q41. Name a reducing agent that may be used to obtain manganese from manganese dioxide.
(CBSE 2009)
Ans. Coke or carbon is used as reducing agent.
Q42. In electrolysis of water, why is volume of gas collected over one electrode double that of
gas collected over the other electrode?
(AI CBSE 2009)
Ans. The volume of gas collected over one electrode is double than that of the gas
collected over the other electrode as the ratio of H : O in water is 2 : 1.
Q43. What change in colour is observed when silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight? What
type of chemical reaction is this?
(CBSE 2009 F)
Ans. Silver turns black, the reaction is decomposition.

IV. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 marks)

Q1. Name different types of chemical reactions. Give one example for each.
Ans. Different types of chemical reactions are:
(a) Combination reactions: The reaction in which two or more than two substances
combine together to form a single compound.
e.g., 2Mg + O2 2 MgO
(b) Decomposition reaction: The reaction in which a compound decomposes to form
two or more substances is called decomposition reaction.
heat
e.g., CaCO3
CaO + CO2

Chemical Reactions and Equations

29

(c) Displacement reaction: The reaction in which more reactive metal displaces the
less reactive metal is called displacement reaction.
e.g., Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
(d) Double displacement reaction: The reaction in which two different atoms or groups
of (substances) atoms exchange for each other is called double displacement
reaction.
e.g., Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
(e) Oxidation-reduction reaction: The reaction in which oxygen is added/hydrogen is
removed is called oxidation reaction.
The reaction in which hydrogen is added/oxygen is removed is called reduction
reaction.
e.g., Oxidation,
heat
2Cu + O2
2CuO

Reduction

reduction

heat
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
Q2. Give an activity to prove that water contains H : O in the ratio of 2 : 1.
Ans.

Take a plastic mug. Drill two holes at its base and fit rubber stoppers in these
holes. Insert carbon electrodes in these rubber stoppers as shown in figure.
Connect these electrodes to a 6 volt battery.
Fill the mug with water such that the electrodes are immersed. Add a few drops
of dilute sulphuric acid to the water.
Take two test tubes filled with water and invert them over the two carbon
electrodes.
Switch on the current and leave the apparatus undisturbed for some time.
You will observe the formation of bubbles at both the electrodes. These bubbles
displace water in the test tubes.
The gas collected in test tube attached to cathode is twice in volume than the
gas collected at anode.
Once the test tubes are filled with the respective gases, remove them carefully.
The burning match stick or candle when brought near to the test tube containing
gas obtained at cathode, burns with a pop sound indicating the presence of
hydrogen gas.

30

Science-X

Plastic mug
Hydrogen

Oxygen

Test tube
Bubbles of gas
Water

Graphite rod

Rubber stopper

Anode

Cathode
6V
Battery

Switch

Electrolysis of water

Q3.

(i) What is rancidity?

(ii) Suggest two methods to reduce the problem of rancidity.
(iii) How is corrosion different from rusting?

Ans. (i) Rancidity: Fat and oil containing food when kept open in air gets oxidised and
become rancid due to which the taste and smell of food changes.
(ii) Two methods to reduce rancidity are keep the food in closed containers and use
antioxidants.
(iii) Corrosion is seen in all metals, when kept exposed. Forms a layer of compound by
reaction of metal with moisture, acid or gases present in it.
Rusting is the process in which iron metal reacts with air and moisture to form
brownish powder called rust.
Q4. What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reaction? Give examples to explain the same.
Ans. Exothermic reactions: Those reactions in which heat is released out during chemical
reactions.
e.g., burning of fuel

CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + heat

CH4(g) + O2(g)
Methane

The natural gas (methane) burns in air to form carbon dioxide and water and releases
large amount of heat.
Endothermic reaction: Those reactions in which heat is required, is called endothermic
reaction.
heat
CaCO3(s)
CaO(s) + CO2(g)
When CaCO3 is heated it forms CaO and CO2.

e.g.,

Chemical Reactions and Equations

31

Q5. Solid calcium oxide was taken in a container and water was added slowly to it.
(AI CBSE 2008 C)

(i) State the two observations made in the experiment.

(ii) Write the name and chemical formula of the product formed.
Ans. (i) Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime and large
amount of heat is released.
(ii)

CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq) +

Quick lime

Water

Slaked lime

Q6. What is an oxidation reaction? Give an example of oxidation reaction. Is oxidation an

exothermic or an endothermic reaction?

(CBSE 2009)

Ans. The reaction in which oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed is called oxidation
reaction.
heat
e.g., 2Cu + O2
2CuO
It is an endothermic reaction.

Q7. Define a combination reaction. Give one example of a combination reaction which is also
exothermic.
(CBSE 2009)
Ans. Combination reaction: It is a reaction in which two elements combine together to
form a product.
e.g. CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 + heat
(Quick
lime)

(Water)

(Slaked
lime)

(i) What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide is added to a solution of lead
nitrate taken in a test tube?
(ii) What type of reaction is this?
(iii) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above reaction. (AI CBSE 2009)
Ans. (i) Yellow coloured precipitate is formed due to formation of lead iodide.
(ii) It is a double displacement reaction.
(iii) 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 2KNO3 + PbI2

Q8.

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Q9. What is a redox reaction? When a magnesium ribbon burns in air with a dazzling flame
and forms a white ash, is magnesium oxidised or reduced? Why?
Ans. The reaction which shows both oxidation and reduction reaction in it is called redox
reaction.
2Mg + O2 2MgO
In this case magnesium is oxidised as oxygen combines with it.
Q10. Distinguish between an exothermic and an endothermic reaction. Amongst the following
reactions, identify the exothermic and the endothermic reaction.
(i) Heating coal in air to form carbon dioxide.
(ii) Heating lime-stone in a lime kiln to form quick lime.
Ans.

Exothermic Reaction

(CBSE 2009 F)

Endothermic Reaction

The reaction in which heat is released. The reaction in which heat is absorbed.
(i) Exothermic
(ii) Endothermic
Q11. Distinguish between a displacement reaction and a double displacement reaction. Identify
the displacement and the double displacement reaction from the following reactions.
(i) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
(ii) Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Ans.

Displacement Reaction

(CBSE 2009 F)

Double Displacement Reaction

The reaction in which more reactive

metal displaces less reactive metal.

The reaction in which two different atoms

or group of atoms exchange for each
other.

(i) It is a double displacement reaction.

(ii) It is a displacement reaction.

V. QUESTIONS ON HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS)

Name the term used for the solution of the reactant or product when dissolved in water.
Aqueous
State one advantage and one disadvantage of corrosion.
Advantage: In some metals a protective layer is formed on its surface to prevent it
from further corrosion.
E.g., aluminium (Al) forms a layer of Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) by corrosion. The
layer prevents further corrosion.
Disadvantage: Loss of the metal.
Q3. List four changes which help us to determine whether a chemical reaction has taken place.
(b) Change in colour
Ans. (a) Change in state
(c) Change in temperature
(d) Evolution of a gas
Q1.
Ans.
Q2.
Ans.

Chemical Reactions and Equations

33

Q4. Ahmad took a magnesium ribbon (cleaned) and burned it on a flame. The white powder
formed was taken in a test tube and water was added to it. He then tested the solution
formed with red and blue litmus paper. What change was seen and why?
Ans. Red litmus turned blue.
Blue litmus remained blue.
This is because the magnesium ribbon on burning in air, forms the white magnesium
oxide. When this is dissolved in water, it forms magnesium hydroxide, which is basic
in nature.
Q5. Give one example of a combination reaction in which an element combines with a
compound to give you a new compound.
Ans. O2 + 2SO2 2SO3
8NH3 + 3Cl2 6NH4Cl
Q6. Deepa added magnesium into a test tube containing dilute hydrochloric acid. She saw
some gas coming out of it. She took a burning match stick near the mouth of the test
tube and she heard a popping sound while the match stick extinguished. Deepa concluded
that the gas evolved in hydrogen and it is not combustible. Find the error in her
conclusion and support your answer with one valid reason.
Ans. The conclusion that hydrogen gas is not combustible is wrong, because hydrogen gas
is highly combustible and burns very fast, to produce large amount of heat.
Q7. Arnav took magnesium and reacted it with dil. HCl to record the observation. Then
Deepak took the same piece of magnesium and reacted it with conc. HNO3 and dil.
H2SO4 but did not see a reaction. Explain this behavior.
Ans. Arnav had already reacted Mg with dil. HCl to form MgCl2 and gas. The piece of
metal that Deepak used was not magnesium but magnesium chloride (MgCl2), hence
it did not react with the given acids.
Q8. Name the type of reaction seen in the following cases:
(i) Garbage producing foul smell
(ii) Black and white photograph film when exposed to sunlight
(iii) Carbon dioxide gas passed through lime water
Ans. (i) decomposition reaction

(ii) decomposition

(iii) Combination.

Q9. Four beakers with chemicals are shown below. Name the beakers which will show
exothermic reaction and those which will be endothermic in nature.

Ans.

34

H2O + K2SO4

H2O + NH4NO3

H 2O +
CuSO4(anhydrous)

H2O +
CuSO4(crystals)

Science-X

Q10. Give two examples in which reactants react to show combination reaction and a new
product is formed. This new product decomposes to give the initial reactants.
e.g., X + Y

combination

decomposition

X+Y

Ans. The reactions in which reactants combine to form products and then again
decomposes to give initial reactants are called reversible reactions.
(i) N2 + 3H2 2NH3

(ii) CaO + CO2 CaCO3

NH3 N2 + 3H2

CaCO3 CaO + CO2

Q11. Do all combination reactions get decomposed to produce the same reactants?
Ans. No.
Q12. Why are certain reagents like silver bromide stored in dark bottles in the labs?
Ans. Reagents/chemicals like silver bromide decompose when exposed to light. Hence,
they are kept in dark bottles in labs, to prevent exposure to light and their
decomposition.
Q13. Give six uses of decomposition reaction.
Ans. (i) It helps all the living matter to return back to nature, after death.
(ii) Management of garbage
(iii) Photosynthesis decomposition of water
(iv) Photography decomposition of silver bromide
(v) Used in chemical industry to obtain elements from complex compounds.
(vi) Decomposition of agricultural waste leads to formation of compost.
Q14. Draw a labeled diagram to show the decomposition of water.
Ans.

Electrolysis of water

Chemical Reactions and Equations

35

Q15. Mohan took pure water for the electrolytic decomposition of water but did not see any
bubbles near the electrodes. Explain why?
Ans. Pure water has covalent bond and therefore, does not allow the electricity to flow
through it and does not get decomposed. On adding a few drops of dil. acid in it, the
free ions are obtained and electricity flows through water to dissociate hydrogen and
oxygen.
Q16. A teacher took few crystals of sugar in a dry test tube and heated the test tube over
flame. The colour of sugar turned black. Explain why?
Ans. Sugar is a complex compound which on heating undergoes decomposition. Water from
sugar gets evaporated thereby leaving behind only black carbon in the test tube.
Q17. Blue crystals of copper sulphate on heating in a dry test tube become colourless. Give reasons.
Ans. The blue colour of copper sulphate is due to its crystalline nature which holds
5 water molecules (water of crystallization). On heating the water molecules
disappear and anhydrous copper sulphate (white in colour) is left back.
Q18. FeSO4 .7H2O, green colour crystals on heating, changes colour. Why?
Ans. The green colour of ferrous sulphate crystals is due to the presence of 7 water
molecules (water of crystallization). It loses the water of crystallization on heating,
thus leading to change in colour.

VI. VALUE-BASED QUESTIONS

Q1. Nidhi saw her granny storing pickles in ceramic pots. She also learned that pickles
should not be stored in metal containers. Her friend very often brought pickles wrapped
in aluminium foil. Nidhi advised her not to wrap pickles in foil.
(i) Why pickles should not be stored in metal containers?
(ii) What substance present in pickles reacts with the metal containers?
(iii) Give one value of Nidhi seen in the above act.
Ans.

(i) Pickles react chemically with the metals like copper, aluminium, etc. Hence, it
should not be stored in metal containers.
(ii) Pickles contain acids which react with metals.
(iii) Nidhi showed the value of awareness and of a responsible citizen.

Q2. Sadiks younger sister was very upset as her silver jewellery had turned black and
lost its shine. Sadik washed and cleaned the jewellery with toothpaste, brought the
shine back.
(i) Why do silver jewellery turn black when kept open?
(ii) How had the toothpaste got the shine of silver back?
(iii) What value of Sadik is seen in the above act?
Ans.

36

(i) Silver jewellery turns black because it reacts with gases and moisture present in
air due to which it corrodes.

Science-X

(ii) Toothpaste reacts with black coating (of silver sulphide) on silver and
removes it.
(iii) Sadik showed the value of responsible behaviour and helpful nature.
Q3. Gautam visited a government hospital to meet his cousin. He saw the medicine in dark
bottles were not stored properly. They were not kept away from light and heat. Gautam
immediately reported the issue to the medical superintendent and ensured that all
medicines are stored properly.
(i) Why are some medicines stored in cool places in dark bottles?
(ii) Why do some medicines need refrigeration?
(iii) What value of Gautam is seen in the above act?
Ans.

(i) Some medicines react when exposed to sunlight and high temperature. Their
composition changes completely.
(ii) Some medicines if not stored at appropriate temperature shows chemical
reaction and hence can become dangerous/toxic for use.
(iii) Gautam showed the value of a responsible and aware citizen.

TEST YOUR SKILLS

Q1. Name the reaction that occurs in rancidity of food.
Q2. Name the compound used for testing of CO2 gas.
Q3. Name the chemicals used in black and white photography.
Q4. Give one use of quick lime.
Q5. Metal X turns green when left in air and turns black when heated in air. Name the
metal and the compound formed in both the cases.
Q6. Give four uses of decomposition reaction.
Q7. When you heat few crystals of sugar in dry test tube, what do you obtain and why?
Q8. Give three types of decomposition reaction.
Q9. Write equation for each of the following reactiondisplacement, oxidation and
combination reaction.
Q10. Identify the type of reactions:
(i) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2NaCl
heat
(ii) CaCO3
CaO + CO2

(iii) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

heat
(iv)2FeSO4
Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

ppp

Chemical Reactions and Equations

37