CHEMISTRY TIPS 2015

1. MEMORIZE
- Definition
Eg :
o Empirical Formulae : chemical formulae which show the
simplest whole number ratio of each atoms of elements in
a compound .
o Hydrocarbon : an organic compound which consist of
hydrogen and carbon only .
- Concept
- Formula
[ For rate of reaction questions , must memorize collision
theory ]
Rate of reaction only can use high or low
Reaction only can use fast or slow
2. DO WRITTEN EXERCISE
- Calculation ( show clearly and always put units for the final
answer )
3. FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM DRAWING
- Solid state shaded
- Liquid state dotted lines
- Rubber stopper shaded , not blocked as it is a solid
- Electroplating must put rheostat and ammeter in the circuit
- If drawing , apparatus must be functional , for example , must
have retort stand to hold the apparatus .
- Drawing 1 m
- Label 1 m
4. CHEMICAL EQUATION
- Chemical equation [ neutral ]
o Must be balanced
o Eg : decomposition of zinc nitrate
-

Ionic equation [ must have ions ]

o Eg : reaction between sulphuric acid and potassium
hydroxide

Half equation [ must have electrons ]

o Eg: electrolysis of sulphuric acid with C rods
o
5. OBSERVATION
- Physical state
Eg : solid , liquid , gas
- Colour change

Examples :

Colourless
No change
Needle of the voltmeter deflected
Intensity of the blue colour
decrease
Blue litmus paper turns red

Clear
No reaction
Voltmeter deflected
Blue colour turns colourless
Litmus paper turns red

6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- Including :
Melting and boiling point of the substances
Electrical conductivity
Solubility of water
Physical state are solid , liquid and gas
7. DESCRIPTION
- Do not use symbols unless asked
Eg : ECS , RSOM
- Solution volume and concentration
- Procedure + Explanation

Paper 3
a. Graph
- Label axis and units
- Title
- Suitable scale
- Smooth shape
- Graph must be at least of the paper
b. Hypothesis
- Relationship between manipulated variable and responding
variable
c. Variables
- write in complete sentences
Eg : effect of temperature on rate of reaction
MV Temperature of the sodium thiosulphate solution
RV Rate of reaction
CV Volume and concentration of acid and sodium thiosulphate
solution
d. List of materials and apparatus
- Separate materials and apparatus
- Start with measuring apparatus such as stopwatch and
measuring cylinder
e. Data and observation
- Draw table
- Title and units
Eg :
Manipulated variable , ( unit )

Responding variable , ( unit )

f.

Procedure
- Can use passive or active sentences
- Sequence is very important
- Important keywords must be used
Eg :
i.
Pour
ii.
Dip
iii.
Connect
iv.
Record
v.
Repeat
vi.
Stir
vii.
Heat
viii.
Observe
ix.
Measure
x.
Add
xi.
Into

g. Decimal
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

places
Temperature 1 d.p eg: 23.0oC
Time 1 d.p
eg: 15.0s
Pipette 1 d.p
eg: 15.0cm 3
Concentration 3 d.p
Burette 2 d.p
eg:15.50cm 3
Voltmeter 2 d.p
eg: 15.00V
1/time-3d.p
eg:0.105s

h. Operational definition
- What you do: Method to conduct experiment
- What you Observe

CHEMISTRY TIPS
SECTION A

1.

Empirical formula. (precaution, draw apparatus, observation, calculation).

2.

Periodic table.

3.

Carbon compound. (alkane, alkane, alcohol.)

4.

Salt

5.

Redox and electrolysis. (define term)

6.

Soap and detergent (how to make soap, adv, disadvantage.)

7.

Contact & Haber process.

8.

Thermochemistry

SECTION B

1.

How to make soluble / insoluble salt (Identity anion / cation.)

1.

Rate of reaction. (catalyst, surface area, concentration.)

2.

Bond (ionic , covalent)

3.
Combination of (alloy ,glass, polymer) Or Rubber (polymer &
vulcanisation)