Professional Documents
Culture Documents
kunleladele@yahoo.com, aoladele@oauife.edu.ng
Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce
Island, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The contribution of Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) to conservation of medicinal plants
and the acceptability of cultivated plants as alternative to wild sources were studied in Aiyedade
Local Government area of Osun State, Nigeria. 55 TMPs were randomly selected for interview
from 120 registered TMPs in the study area. 94.5 % of the respondents were aware of plant
species which had become scarce. Results revealed that 41.3% of plants cultivated in their
homesteads were herbs, Shrubs (29.3%), Trees(18.7%) and climbers(10.7%). 51.6% of plants
from wild sources were trees while 44.1% of plants bought from herb markets were trees.
Correlation between scarcity of medicinal plants and travel distance to collect plant materials by
TMPs was positive (0.278, < 0.05), problems associated with cultivation such as land and
collection from the wild was equally positive (0.358, < 0.01). Sustainable harvesting and
deliberate cultivation have been proposed to ensure continued supply of medicinal plants to
meet the health care needs of rural dwellers in the study area.
Keywords: Traditional Medicine Practioners (TMPs), Medicinal plants, Conservation, Cultivation,
Aiyedade LGA (Osun state).
INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plants play a crucial role in health care
needs of people around the world especially in
developing countries (Bekalo et al., 2009, Rao et al.,
2004). About 80 % of the population of most
developing countries still depend on the use of
traditional
medicine
derived
from
plants
(Cunningham, 1993). People living in remote areas
depend more extensively on traditional medicine as
modern systems are out of reach (Mahonge et al.,
2006, de Silva 1997, Bodeker, 1994, Sofowora, 1993,
Bhat et al., 1990). Medicinal plants play a key role in
the development and advancement of modern
studies by serving as a starting point for the
development of novelties in drugs (Pramono, 2002).
Approximately 25 % of drugs used in modern
Pharmacopoiea are derived from plants and many
others are synthetic analogues built on prototype
compounds isolated from plants. It was estimated
that the total number of medicinal plants in
international trade is about 2500 species (Schippman
et al., 2002). A large proportion of these plants are
obtained from wild sources and the forest in particular
477
RESULTS
A significant percentage (80.7 % ) of the TMPs were
over the age of 40 (Table 1), this showed that the
Table 1: Age, education and experience of Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Ayedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria
Age of
TMPs
(Years)
21-30
Frequency
Percentage
%
Education
of TMPs
Frequency
Percentage
%
Experience
of TMPs
Frequency
Percentage
%
7.5
25
47.0
24.5
14.9
10
18.9
Inheritance
(From birth)
0-5years
13
31-40
1.9
41-50
17.0
13
24.5
Above 5yrs
34
64.2
51-60
13.2
13.2
No
response
12.7
Above
60
Total
27
50.5
No Formal
education
Primary
school
Secondary
school
Above
secondary
school
-
55
100
Total
55
100
Total
55
100
478
Table 2: Daily patients call and Apprentice number per TMP in Ayedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria
Daily patients call per TMPs
Frequency
Percentage %
Frequency
Percentage %
Below 20 patients
29
54.7
Nil
31
58.5
21 40
14
26.4
12
07
13.2
41 50
3.8
34
05
9.4
Above 50
9.4
5 and above
04
7.6
No response
9.4
No response
08
14.9
Total
55
100
Total
55
100
Table 3: Medicinal plants sources, reasons for buying herbs and reasons for medicinal plants cultivation
by TMPs in Ayedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria
Sources of med.
plants
Freq.
Freq.
Reasons for
cultivation
Freq.
46
86.8
31
58.5
Easily cultivated
plants
17.0
11.3
It saves time
11
20.8
Frequently used
plants
35
66.0
No response
5.5
5.7
Very costly/scarce in
the market
1.9
Other reasons
3.8
Easily perishable
plants
3.8
No response
14.9
3.8
No response
11.3
Total
55
100
Total
55
100
Total
55
100
479
480
Table 4: Scarcity and existence of medicinal plants farm awareness, and willingness to patronise such
farms by TMPs in Ayedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria
Awareness
Scarcity
Existence
Willingness to buy
Freq.
Freq.
Freq.
Yes
52
94.5
11.3
48
86.8
No
1.9
41
77.4
7.7
No response
3.8
14.9
5.5
Total
55
100
55
100
55
100
Table 5: Plant forms of medicinal plants cultivated by TMPs in their homesteads, wild and market
sources in Ayedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria
Plant forms
Herbs
Shrubs
Trees
Climbers
Total
481
%
17.2
20.3
51.6
10.9
100
Table 6: Medicinal plants grown by TMPs in Ayedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria.
No
Name
Family
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Euphorbiaceae
Lamiaceae
Asteraceae
Euphorbiacae
Caesalpinaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Crassulaceae
Papilionaceae
Periplocaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Lamiaceae
Crassulaceae
Caesalpinaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Amaranthaceae
Piperaceae
Boraginaceae
Graminae/Poaceae
Solanaceae
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Malvaceae
Caesalpinaceae
Malvaceae
Rubiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Meliaceae
Asteraceae
Nyctaginaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Rutaceae
Loganiaceae
Curcubitaceae
Amaranthaceae
Agavaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Asteraceae
Lythraceae
Asteraceae
Acanthaceae
Lauraceae
Musaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Verbanaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Amarilydaceae
Solanaceae
Mimosaceae
Nyctaginaceae
Bignoniaceae
482
Voucher
number
UHI (2575)
UHI (14849)
UHI (6532)
UHI (8586)
UHI (13918)
UHI (2700)
UHI (407)
UHI (3397)
UHI (16026)
UHI (9495)
UHI (709)
UHI (9492)
UHI (400)
UHI (3146A)
UHI (6676)
UHI (803)
UHI (245)
UHI (13279
UHI (10232)
UH (1543)
Cultivation
frequency
24
23
21
18
18
17
16
15
15
13
12
11
11
11
11
10
9
9
9
9
UHI (2360)
UHI (16020)
UHI (15293)
UHI (5672)
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Sinkinrinmini
Abo rere
Owo akese
Oruwo
Enuopiri
Dongoyaro
Imi esu
Etiponola
Enukokure
Orijin
Ijoyun
Orombo wewe
Esinsin ile
Ejinrin wewe
Ewe owo
Oja Ikooko
Lara pupa
Yanrin
Laali
Akisan
Ahon ekun
Omonigelegele
Ogede omini
Oro agogo
Iru-eku
Ogege
Ogede odo
Apakan
Adegbile
Tanoposo
Akoko
UHI (16012)
UHI (15462)
UHI (16004)
UHI (2647)
UHI (13812)
UHI (4575)
UHI (15427)
UHI (734)
UHI (2804)
UHI (6392)
UHI (971B)
UHI (14898)
UHI (14816)
UHI (16016)
UHI (7953B)
UHI (2634)
UHI (7755)
UHI (2702)
UHI (8701)
UHI (6769)
UHI (16136)
UHI (1188)
UHI (15486)
52
Spondias monbin L
Anacardiaceae
UHI (4837)
Iyeye
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Nicotiana tabacum L
Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre
Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC
Carica papaya L
Holarrhena floribunda R.Br.
Ficus thoningii Blume
Ipomea asarifolia L
Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Lagenaria breviflora Ser.
Laggera aurita (Linn) DC
Bixa orelana L.
Loncocarpus cyanensis Kunth.
Harisona abysinica Oliv.
Chasmanthera dependens Hochst
Citrus aurantium Swingle
Curcuma longa Roxb
Dracaena mannii Vand ex L
Solanum torvum Sw.
Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel
Cochorus olitorious L
Costos afer L
Anthocleista vogelii Planchon
Eudenia trifoliolata Schum &Thonn.
Solanaceae
Menispermaceae
Papilionaceae
Caricaceae
Apocynaceae
Moraceae
Convolvulaceae
Zingiberaceae
Curcubitaceae
Asteraceae
Bixaceae
Papilionaceae
Simaroubaceae
Menispermaceae
Rutaceae
Zingiberaceae
Agavaceae
Solanaceae
Apocynaceae
Tiliaceae
Costaceae
Loganiaceae
Capparidaceae
UHI (14702)
UHI (9483)
UHI (15174)
UHI (14729)
UHI (14597)
UHI (4218)
UHI (16022)
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Ewe taba
Akerejupon
Alupayida
Ibepe
Ako-ire
Odan
Omu
Atale funfun
Tagiri
Taba ogbugbu
Aje,
Elu
Arujeran
Atoo
Jaganyin
Atale pupa
Peregun
Sokopeye
Asofeyeje
Ewedu
Teteregun
Saposapo
Logbokiyan
UHI (13226)
UHI (6063)
UHI (1232)
UHI (3962)
UHI (4620)
UHI (13420)
UHI (13945)
UHI (16005)
UHI (10286)
UHI (2119B)
UHI (15479)
UHI (14626)
UHI (327)
Plants not observed in at least 3 TMP homesteads (representing 5% of total respondents) were not regarded as
been cultivated by the TMPs.
Table 7: Plants frequently collected from the forest/wild sources by TMPs in Ayedaade LGA, Osun State,
Nigeria.
No
Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Family
Apocynaceae
Meliaceae
Apocynaceae
Rubiaceae
Loganiaceae
Mimosaceae
Caesalpinaceae
Curcubitaceae
Moraceae
Sapindaceae
Anacardiaceae
Gutiferae
Caesalpinaceae
Bignoniaceae
Combretaceae
Olacaceae
Harungaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Asteraceae
Asclepiadaceae
Euphorbiaceae
483
Voucher
number
UHI (13827)
UHI (4687)
UHI (5190)
UH(14650)
UHI (14626)
UHI (3389A)
UHI (2634)
UHI (15427)
UHI (14754)
UHI (14594)
UHI (4837)
UHI (13184)
UHI (2932)
UHI (7304)
UHI (13724)
UHI (4402A)
UHI (16056)
UHI (14680)
UHI (6532)
UHI (14930)
UHI (14619)
Collection
frequency
(%)
21
21
19
19
13
11
10
9
9
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
Yoruba name
Ahun
Oganwo
Asofeyeje
Oruwo
Saposapo
Aridan
Ominsiminsin
Ejinrin wewe
Iroko
Aaka
Iyeye
Orogbo
Apa
Pandoro
Afara
Ifon
Amuje
Orokoro
Ewuro
Ailu
Ira odan
22
23
24
25
Ageratum conyzoides L
Senna alata L
Cissampelos owariensis L
Abrus canascens L
Asteraceae
Caesalpinaceae
Menispermaceae
Papilionaceae
UHI (15462)
UHI (13918)
UHI (14920)
6
5
5
5
26
27
28
29
30
31
Piperaceae
Meliaceae
Amaranthaceae
Caricaceae
Vitaceae
Rutaceae
UHI (13153)
UHI (16012)
UHI (734)
UHI (14729)
UHI (14883)
UHI (4605)
5
5
5
5
4
4
Apasa, Imi-esu
Asunran pupa
Jenjoko
Ominsinminsin
gogoro
Iyere
Dongoyaro
Ewe owo
Ibepe
Ogbolo
Orin ata
Mimisaceae
Zingiberaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Periplocaeae
Bombacaceae
Lamiaceae
Mimosaceae
UHI (3354A)
UHI (13309)
UHI (6676)
UHI (5253)
UHI (2260)
UHI (14849)
UHI (3360)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Igbaru
Atare
Inabiri
Isirigun
Araba
Efinrin foromoba
Agbonyin
Annonaceae
Anacardiaceae
Asteraceae
Papilionaceae
Ulmaceae
Boraginaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Palmae
Annonaceae
Moraceae
Curcubitaceae
Mimosaceae
Moraceae
Lamiaceae
Caesalpinaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Nyctaginaceae
Asteraceae
Amarilydaceae
Bignoniaceae
Costaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Asteraceae
Irvingaceae
Capparidaceae
Annonaceae
UHI (13153)
UHI (4820)
UHI (14898)
UHI (15174)
UHI (1872)
UHI (6731)
UHI (2634)
UHI (8964)
UHI (059)
UHI (4255A)
UHI (1338)
UHI (3203)
UHI (4166)
UHI (9492)
UHI (15096)
UHI (13812)
UHI (1188)
UHI (6460)
UHI (8701)
UHI (15486)
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Eeru
Mangoro
Akisan
Alupayida
Ita
Omo
Oro agogo
Ope
Aworoso
Afon
Egusi bara
Booni
Opoto
Efinrin wewe
Obo
Ijoyun
Tanoposo
Amunimuye
Ogede odo
Akoko
Teteregun
Enukokure
Agbayun
Oro
Logbokiyan
Abo
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
UHI (2647)
UHI (13113)
UHI (327)
UHI (13021)
Plants not mentioned by at least 3 TMPs (representing 5.5% of the total respondents) were not included in the
plants usually collected from wild sources.
484
Table 8: Plants usually purchased by TMPs in Ayedaade LGA, Osun State, Nigeria.
No
Name
Family
1
2
3
4
5
6
Annonaceae
Zingiberaceae
Piperaceae
Mimosaceae
Caesalpinaceae
Alliaceae
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Zingiberaceae
Rubiaceae
Mimosaceae
Polygalaceae
Meliaceae
Alliaceae
Solanaceae
Myrtaceae
Combretaceae
Periplocaceae
Gutiferae
Aristolochiaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Menispermaceae
Caesalpinaceae
Annonaceae
Papilionaceae
Rutaceae
Apocynaceae
Asteraceae
Papilionaceae
Poaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Zingiberaceae
Sapotaceae
Amaranthaceae
Apocynaceae
UHI (14651)
UHI (3203)
UHI (13029)
UHI (14716)
UHI (14881)
UHI (15428)
UHI (5253)
UHI (13184)
UHI (211)
UHI (14619)
UHI (14900)
UHI (14885)
UHI (13021)
UHI (15174)
UHI (4605)
UHI (5165)
UHI (6460)
UHI (3397)
UHI (10976)
UHI (2634)
UHI (15426)
UHI (5190)
Frequency
of purchase
29
27
24
22
19
12
10
8
8
8
7
7
7
6
6
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
DISCUSSION
The challenges of rural urban migration in search of
social infrastructures obviously posed a threat on the
future of traditional medicine practice in the study
area; the interests of younger generations in
acquisition of indigenous knowledge and skill in the
use of plant resources for health care delivery are
waning. Most of the TMPs are above 40 years as
also observed in Ethiopia by Bekalo et al, 2009. It is
485
Voucher
number
UHI (14625)
UHI (13309)
UHI (13153)
UHI (3389A)
UHI (15096)
486
024.
www.ethnobotanyjournal.org/vol8/i1547-3465-08017.pdf ,[Accessed 25th Sept, 2010]
487