Hand outs Math 4 Part 3

Subtraction of Whole Numbers

Subtracting whole numbers is the inverse operation of adding whole numbers.
Instead of adding two numbers to get a sum, you are removing one number from another to get a difference
First, look at the following simple simple subtraction problems

The first is 8 4 = 4. Thinking about money, you have 8 dollars and you spend 4, you are left with 4
Subtractions with one digit are usually fairly easy.
Things start getting complicated when you have more than one digit and you cannot remove the number at
the bottom from the number on top such as when doing 85 8
Study the following example carefully because the concept of borrowing a ten is illustrated here

Since you could not remove 8 from 5, you borrowed a ten from 8 tens and add that to 5 to make it 15
You can also write the problem without the tens and the ones to make it look simpler as illustrated below

Another example
Once again, study the following example carefully. If you understand it and the one before, you should be
well on your way to mastering subtracting

Step #1
Borrow a 10 from 2 tens
The problem becomes

Step #2
Borrow 1 hundred from 4 hundreds. 1 hundred = 10 tens. Then add 10 tens to 1 ten to make it 11 tens

Step #3
Borrow 1 thousand from 5 thousands. 1 thousand = 10 hundreds. Then add 10 hundreds to 3 hundreds to
make it 13 hundreds
Then, just subtract now since all numbers at the bottom are smaller than the number on top

Practice
Answer the subtraction questions.
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Worksheet
A. Find each difference.
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B. Subtract the following numbers.

Estimating Differences
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To estimate the difference of the two numbers, round off the numbers to their highest place values, then
subtract them.
Example:
72
- 38

70
40
30

4985 5000
- 2150 2000
3000

Practice:
Estimate the sum to the nearest thousands. Write your answer on the blank.
1.) 6078 5892 = _____________

3.) 8485 6908 = _____________

2.) 4832 1567 = _____________

4.) 6364 4892 = _____________

Worksheet:
A. Estimate the difference to the nearest hundreds.
1.) 5192 4078 = _____________

6.) 6364 5892 = _____________

2.) 6035 2328 = _____________

7.) 9281 264 = _____________

3.) 8392 2531 = _____________

8.) 9302 7507 = _____________

4.) 6918 3845 = _____________

9.) 8485 3419 = _____________

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5.) 9232 5571 = _____________

10.) 7345 4832 = _____________

B. Estimate the difference to the nearest tens, hundreds and thousands. Write the answers on the blanks.
1.) 5192 3364
5.) 5305 3992
9.) 4985 - 2150
2.) 5641 2921
6.) 16035 2628
10.) 2083 - 1987
3.) 8493 7507
7.) 8342 2541
4.) 6285 3417
8.) 7394 3485
Tens
1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________
8. _____________
9. _____________
10. _____________

Hundreds
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Thousands
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________

Problem Solving
Here are the steps when solving a problem;
1.
2.
3.
4.

Identify the given facts and what is asked in the problem.

Determine the unknown data.
Specify the operations to be used to solve the problem.
Solve for the answer, then check and label the answer.

Example:
1. During the Ecology week celebration, various pupils from different schools gathered scrap materials
for recycling. The pupils from Mabini Elementary School collected 750 kg of plastic cups, 18579 kg
of newspapers, 25832 kg of magazines, and 11564 kg of scratch papers. Each school is assigned to
raise 75000kg of recyclable materials. How many more kilograms of recyclable materials should the
school collect to meet the quota?
We follow these for steps in solving word problems.
a. THINK. Understand the problem.
1. What are the given facts in the problem?
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750 kg of plastic cups, 18579 kg of newspapers, 25832 kg of magazines, and 11564 kg of scratch
papers, 750 kg of plastic cups, 18579 kg of newspapers, 25832 kg of magazines, and 11564 kg of
scratch papers, quota 75000kg of recyclable materials.
2. What is asked in the problem?
How many more kilograms of recyclable materials must the school collect?
b. PLAN. Devise a plan.
1. How do you solve the problem?
By addition and subtraction
2. What is the equation for the problem?
3. 75000 (750 + 18579 + 25832 + 11564) = n
c. SOLVE. Carry out the plan. Solve the equation.
750
18579
25832
75000
+ 11564
-56725
56725
18275
d. LOOK BACK.
1. Did you answer the problem correctly?
Check by adding.
18275
750
18579
25832
+11564
75000
2. Label the answer appropriately.
Mabini Elementary School should collect 18275kg more of recyclable materials.
Practice:
Answer the following word problems and write your answer on the space provided in a complete sentence.
1. The girls had 3 weeks to sell tickets for their play. In the first week, they sold 75 tickets. In the
second week they sold 108 tickets and in the third week they sold 210 tickets. How may tickets did
they sell in all?

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Bose spent $450 for petrol on Wednesday. He spent $125 more than that on Thursday. How
much did he spend on petrol on those two days.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
3. In a factory there are 35,675 workers. 10,750 workers come in the first shift, 12,650 workers in the
second shift and the rest come in the third shift. How many workers come in the third shift?

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
4. There are 74 coconut cookies and 48 chocolate cookies in a jar. Estimate the total number of
cookies. Round the numbers to the nearest ten and add.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
5. There are 275 students in class IVth and 238 students in class Vth. Estimate the total number of
students in the two classes.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
Worksheet:
A. Solve the following word problems.
1. The number of students in Classes III, IV and V are 154,129 and 118. Estimate the total number of
students in the three classes taken together.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
2. There are 479 girls and 729 boys in a school. Estimate the total number of students in the school.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
3. There are twelve red marbles, twenty-four yellow marbles and seventeen green marbles in a box.
Find the total number of marbles.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
4. Andrew counted the number of visitors in his shop. There are 134 males 123 females. Find the total
number of visitors in the shop.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
5. In a garden, there are twenty-two guavas, eleven pine apples and fourteen bananas. Find the total
number of fruits in the garden.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
B. Solve each problem in addition.
1. Morgan bought crayons for $12.50, painting brush for $3.25 and drawing books for $ 18. Find the
total of the bill.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
2. Watson collected 12 Canadian stamps, 13 American stamps and 11 Indian stamps. Find the total
stamps collected by Watson.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
3. Edward Schools arranges for a camp. There are 39 girls and 43 boys in the camp. Find the total
number of students in the camp.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
4. Adam bought lollipops for $ 5.75, brownies for $ 6.75 and cakes for $ 23. Find the money Adam
spent in total.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
5. The test scores of Shady are given below:
English =78, Math = 89 and Science = 71.
Find the total score of Shady.

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Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
C. Solve each problem in subtraction.
1. Laura, teacher of grade 3 students has 84 gifts for her students. There are 67 students and each
received one gift from the teacher. Find the number of gifts remaining with Laura.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
2. Emily bought 42 tomatoes and out of them 27 was rotten. Find the number of good ones.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
3. Cooper had $ 126 in his savings. He has $78 after spending for a video game. Find the amount left in
his savings.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
4. Sara had 34 stickers and she gave 16 of it to her friend. Find the number stickers left with Sara.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
5. Santa brought 89 gifts and distributed 65 gifts for the Christmas Eve. Find the number of gifts left
with Santa.

Answer: _________________________________________________________________________
Multiplication of Whole Numbers: Properties of Multiplication
Multiplication can be understood well and done easier with the help of some important properties.

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1. Commutative Property of Multiplication states that changing the order of the factor does not affect
the product, or a x b = b x a.
Example 14 x 10 = 140 and 10 x 14 = 140
2. Associative Property of Multiplication- states that changing the grouping of the factors does not
affect the product, or (a x b) x c = a x (b x c).
Example: 4 x (5 x 12) = (4 x 5) x 12
4 x 60 = 20 x 12
240 = 240
3. Identity Property of Multiplication- states that any number multiplied by 1 is always equal to that
number, or a x 1 = a and 1 x a = a. The number 1 is the identity element for multiplication.
Examples: 36 x 1 = 36
1219 x 1 = 1219
4. Zero Property of Multiplication- states that any number multiplied by zero is always zero, or a x 0 =
0.
Example: 3 x 0 = 0
0 x 100 = 0
5. Distributive Property of Multiplication over Addition- states that when a factor is given as a sum,
multiplying each addend by the other factor before adding yields or results in the same product, or a
x ( b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c).
Example: 2 x (3 +4) = (2 x 3) + (2 x 4)
2x7=6+8
14 = 14
6. Distributive Property of Multiplication over Subtraction- states that when a factor is given as a
difference of two numbers, multiplying each number by the other factor before subtracting yields or
results in the same product, a x (b c) = (a x b) (a x c)
Example: 5 x (19 -14) = (5 x 19) (5 x 14)
5 x5 = 95 70
25 = 25
Practice:
Tell what property is shown by each. Write C for commutative, A for associative, D for distributive, and CA
for a combination of properties.
_____1.) 9 x5 x 2 = 5 x 9 x 2
_____2.) 10 x 8 = 10 x (2 + 6)
_____3.) 12 x 26 (10 + 2) x 26
_____4.) 3 x 9 x ( 4 x 5) = 9 x 3 x ( 5 x 4)
_____5.) (8 x 2) x 10 = 8 x (10 x 2)
_____6.) 89 x 12 = 89 x (10+ 2)
_____7.) (8 x 3) x 9 = 9 x (3 x 8)
_____8.) (5 x 6) x 4 = (6 x5) x 4
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Worksheet:
A. Fill in the blanks with the missing number.
1. (3 x 2) + (9 x 2) = ( 3 + _____) x 2
2. (3 x 5) + (37 x 5) = (3 + _____) x 5
3. (12 x 5) (7 x 5) + (_____ - 7) x 5
4. (120 x 6) (50 x 6) = (120 50) x _____
5. (4 x 21) x 5 = _____ x (21 x 5)
6. 64 x 40 = _____ x 64
7. 7185 x _____ = _____ x 7185
_____ = 0
8. 3124 x _____ = _____ x 3124
_____ = 3124
9. 30 x (20 x 75) = (30 x _____) x 75
10. (82 + 18) x 7 = (_____ x 7) + (_____ x 7)
B. Write = or on the blank to make each statement true.
1. 23 x 84 _____ 23 x (80 + 4)
2. (8 x 104) + (5 x 104) _____ (8+ 5) x 104
3. 650 x29 _____ 65 x (10 x 29)
4. 18 x 341 _____ 18 x (300 + 40 + 1)
5. 112 x (40 + 3) _____ ( 100 + 12) x 34
6. 935 + (1 x 360) _____ (935 x1) + 360
7. (120 + 50) x 70 _____ (120 x 7) + (50 x 7)
8. (54 + 173) x 105 _____ (105 x 54) + (173 x 105)
9. 9 + (8 + 11) _____(9 x 8) + ( 9 x 11)
10. (28 + 11) x 7 _____ (28 x 11) + (7 x 11)

Multiplication of numbers by One- digit factors

To multiply a two- to four-digit number by a one-digit factor, multiply each digit of the number by the factor
starting with the ones, the tens, then the hundreds digits, and so on. Regroup each partial product when
needed.
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Practice:
Find each product.
1. 25 x 5= _______

4. 96 x 3= _______

2. 35 x 4= _______

5. 86 x 8= _______

3. 52 x 5= _______

Worksheet:
A. Find each product.
1. 324 x 6 = _______

5. 567 x 3= _______

2. 465 x 5= _______

6. 386 x 5= _______

3. 436 x 7= _______

7. 412 x 4= _______

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4. 873 x 8= _______

8. 586 x 7= _______

B. Find each product.

1. 1478 x 6 = _______

6. 2479 x 9= _______

2. 9402 x 7= _______

7. 6053 x 8= _______

3. 37037 x 3= _______

8. 37037 x 9 = _______

4. 5309 x 7= _______

9. 4512 x 7= _______

5. 4368 x 3= _______

10. 5129 x 8= _______

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