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International

Standard

Book Numher: 0-87171-(118-8

American Welding S<xiety
550 N.W. Lejeune Road, Miami, FL ~.3126
2006 by American Welding S<."X"iety
All ril!hts
~ re:'-ef'ed
Printed in the United States of A"erica
Fifth Edition :1)()6

Disclaimer. The American Welding Society. Inc .. assumes no responsibility for the information contained i.~ thi; publication. An independent. substar';tiating investigation should be made prior to ~eliance on the use of such informati0o.
Photocopy Rights. No portion "f this document may be rcproduc.:ld, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
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to photocopy item; ior iniernal. personal. or eclu:ational classroom use only or the internal, per5-o~;;.1.or
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.

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

After a rejected weld has been repaired, reinspected and found to be acceptable,
inspector should:
a.
cHange the original inspection report to indicate the part's acceptance
b.
mark directly on the part
c.
fill out a second inspection report .
d.
tell the foreman to have the part moved to its next operation
e.
no further action is required

Fa

When
lattice
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

a metal is alloyed, how are the atorris of the alloy incorporated

structure?
by inclusion or exclusion
substitutionally or interstitially
by diffusion
by becoming martensitic
by casting

the welding

into the original metal

A wire IQI is used in which I\DE method?

CT
b.
ET
c.
RT
d.
f\fT
e.
PT

ai'

F10

In general, which of the following is not commonly used as a semiautomatic

a.
GMAW
b.
FCAW
c.
S=vtAW
d.
SAW
e.
MIG

F11

The perfonnance
temperatures?
a.
ET
b.
RT
c.
PT
d.
L'T
e.
VT

F12

Crater
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

of which

of the following

cracks are most often the result of:

improper technique
improper filler metal
improper base metal
trapped slag
u-apped hydrogen

test methods

process?

is least affected

by high part

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F19

Which of the following may not be detected with YT?

a.
large surface crack
b.
I,mdercut
c.
oVerlap
d.
underfill
e.
Lamellar tear

t:

F21

Heat treatment conditions

a.
MT
i;PT
b.
c.
ET
d.
RT
e.
LT

can be determined using which of the following?

Of the following tests. which can be used for the actual detennination
a.
Charpy test

b.

MT

c.
d.
e.

chemical analysis
tensile test
bend test
are commonly

of a material's

used as alloying elements

toughness?

F221

Which of the following elements

produce GTA \V electrodes?
a.
cesium
b.
thorium
c.
columbium
d.
vanadium
e.
chromium

with tungsten

F23

For single be\'el-groove weld symbols, the line of the AWS welQ symbol running perpendicular
to the reference line is always drawn on which side of the weld symbol?
a.
on the right
b.
on the left
c.
on either side, depending on company policy
d.
on the side in which the straight side actually appears in the joint
e.
does not matter

F24

The portion of t.he groove face within the joint roOI is ca,1)ed:
a.
weld interface
b.
faying surface
c.
groove weld edge
d.
root face
e.
groo':e a'1gle

to

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F31

Arc blow can not be caused by:

a.
magnetic ficld distortion
b.
improper worklead (ground) location
c.
weldihg at the end of a joint
d.
welding in corners
c.
welding on AC

F32

\Vhich of the foVowing shielding gases is used for GMA W spray transfer on steel?
a.
b.

c,\rbon dioxide-IOO'k
\
argon-IOOCk

c.
d.
e.

helium-mOCk
oxygen-2?c.
argon-9SCk
argon 75o/~;-carbon dioxide-25Ck

Devcloping is one of the steps in which NDE method?

a.
J.-lT and ET

b.
RT and PT
c.
PT and MT
d.
MT and ET
e.
VT and PT
Which discontinuity

below will provide the sharpest MT indication?

a.
b.
c.

sUiface porosity
surface crack
subsurface poros,ity

do
e.

subsurface crack
indications will be identical for all of the above

In SMA W, an increase in arc length results in:

a.
increased current; increased voltage
b.
c.
d.

decreased current: increased voltage

increased heat input; decreased voltage
decreased current: decreased voltage

e.

decreased current; increased heat input

\Veld inspection reports should always:

a.

be completed

b.
c

be done in pencil so mistakes can be easily corrected

be filled out only if the weld is rejected

in illk, or typewritten and signed

d.
e.

retyped by a clerk so !hat everything is readable

il1c1ude the weld~r's ideli,ification

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F43

In GMA W, the welding variable controlled by the wire feed speed is:
a.
arc length
b.
voltage
c.
current
d.
stickout
e.
tra ve I speed
The welding \'ariables used to calculate heat input are:
a.
voltage and CUTTent
b.
current and travel ~peed
c.
voltage. current and travel speed
d.
travel speed, preheat temperature and voltage
e.
voltage. CUITentand preheat temperature

F45

As the temperature of the base metal is increased:

a.
impact strength decreases
b.
tensile strength decreases
c.
ductility decreases
d.
hardness increases
e.
tensile strength increas~s

F46

During RT. which of the following

thickness?
a.
lead shielding
b.
steel shielding
c.
concrete shielding
d.
copper shielding
e.
wood shielding

F47

A weld inspection plan should be developed:

a.
before welding begins
b.
during welding
L.
after welding is completed
d.
before shipping the work
e.
only when there is a problem

F48

if the weid syn1oo1 straddles the reference line, it means:

a.
weld both sides
b.
weld arrow siJe first
c.
weld OllieI' side first
d.
e.

provides the best r,rotection

weld has no side significance

the symbol was drawn incorrectly

from radiation

for a given

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F55

The process whereby a large gap is filled with braze material without the heir of capillary action
IS:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
t

torch brazing
arc brazing
braze welding
dip brazing
no,,", brazing

Which of the following contains ferrous base metal specificalions?

a.
AWS D1.2

b.
ASME Section II, Part C
c.
AWSA5.1
d.
ASME Section V
e.
ASME Section II, Part A
Which of the following is considered
conducting a magnetic panicle test?
a.
AC coil
b.
AC yoke~
c.
DC coil
d.
DC prod
e.
Head Shot

to be the most portable method of magnetization

when

Advantages of ~ff include:

a.
the detection of surface flaws
b.
both AC and DC methods
c.
the detection of surface flaws tightly closed by carbon, slag or contaminants
d.
the fact that it is faster than PI
e.
all of the above
F59

In general, an increase in the carbon equivalent of a carbon steel will result in an increase in its:
a.
ductiiity
b.
hardness
c.
defects
d.
toughness
e.
all of the above

F60

welding process commonly

tions is:
a.
SMAW
GMAW
b.
c.
GTAW
OFW
d.
e.
FCAW
A

lIsed to join light gage stainiess steel tubing for critical applica-

10 .

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F67

Which of the following is not easily detected using RT that is perpendicular

line?
a.
throat crack
b.
porosity
c.
side wall incomplete fusion at::l bevel angle of3So
d.
a crack with its depth parallel to radiation beam
e.
incomplete joint penetration
DW~)1 time is a term associated with which NDE method?
a ..
MT
(,

b.

PT

RT

tL

ET

\ ,

UT

e.

\".--

,.

The material property expressed in tenns of an endurance limit is:

a.
fatigue strength
b. . .tfl4ghness
c~.. ,;J~ns~~e15trength
:'f

,.,,'l

ductility
hardness

"I'

~yp~il~1s[fength\l
percent elongation
endurance limit .
reduction of area

'Shielding
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

F72

Fracture toughness results will often be expressed in terms of:

a.
breaking energy
b.
c.
d.
e.

F71

, .

\-',

d. ..
e.
F70

,.,

.i

of the molten pool in OFW is accomplished

by:

a granular flux
a chemical reaction
an inert ~as
a vacuum chamber
a flux paste

The welding in5pector is usually nOl responsible for which of the following?
a.
checking for proper electrode stor:::ge
b.
verification of a welder's Gualification
c.
witnessing all repairs,
d.
reinspecting repairs.
e.
checki:lg fit up

to the weld center

'

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F79

Which of the following is cOllsidered to be part of the welding inspector's responsibility

public?
a.
undertaking only those assignments for which the inspector is qualified
b.
making public statements as to the quality of a weldment
c.
signing for all inspections on the job
d.
e.

F8D

reporting all discontinuities

verify confomlance based on past experience

Whit:h of the fpllowing processes is performed primarily in the flat and horizontal positions?
a.
SAW
b..
OAW
c.
d.
e.

GTAW;
,GMAWJS
SW

F81

A groove weld symbol with no infonnation appearing to the right means:

a.
the weld is to be complete joint penetration
b.
no weld is required on that side
c.
the weld is to be continuou~ for the entire joint length
d.
no weld joint prepar3:tion is required
e.
weld length can be determined by the welder

F82

The welding process that requires a tubular electrode is:

a.
SMAW
b.
GMAW
c.
FCAW
d.
SAW

to the

e.

ESW

F83

The property relating to a metal's resistance to indentation is:

a.
tensile strength
b.
ductility
c.
hardness
d.
toughness
e.
fatigue strength

F84

LT is the abbreviation for:

a.
leak testing
b.
liquid penetrant testing
c.
liquid test inspection
d.
lithium testing
e.
lender test method

Weloing Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

a.

martensite
ferrite

b.
c.

F92

d.

bainite
austenite

e.

pearlite

In radiography.
b."
c.
d.

appear as a well-defined. high density, darkly shaded, sharp line

appear as a row of low density light spots or dots
appear as a row of high density. dark spots or dots

F96

weld will:

low density, lightly shaded, sharp line

arpear as a white line

ductility is commonly expressed in tenns of:

a.
b.
c.

percent elongation and reduction of area

width and thickness
tensile strength and yield strengtl;

~.

toughness

e.

fatigue

Who is responsible

~.

F95

A materiai's

F94

through-cracked

appear as a well-defined,

e.
F93

the image on the film of a completely

a.

for verifying welding procedures

a.
b.
c.

independent test lab

contractor
welding inspector

d.

architect

e.

engineer

ha've been properly qualified?

What MT technique could be used for the discovery of longitudinal

a.
b.
c.
d.

coil shot
circular magnetization
longitudinal magnetization
parallel magnetism

e.

using a central conductor

'Which code gives prequalified

;::.
b.

API! 104
AWS DI.I

c.
d.

A\VSDI7.!
ANSI B31.1

e.

AWS H2.1

flaws?

status to certain weld joint configurations?

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F103

. F104

In which direction does a rolled plate of carbon steel usually exhibit its least amount of ductility?
a.
parallel to the rolling direction
.
b.
transverse to the rolling direction
c.
in the through thickness direction
d.
in the direction of welding
e.
rolling direction has no significance regarding ductility
When
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

a weld has been rejected by a qualified NDE technician, the welding inspector should:
review ~he test results and maintain the test record
reinspect to verify t.he defect
accept the weld if its visual appearance is in compliance with the applicable code or
specification
require another inspection by a third party
accept the weld since it is in a low stress region

F105

If equal thicknesses of steel, cast iron, aluminum, lead, and copper are radiographed
same exposure conditions, which material will result in' the darkest radiograph?
a.
lead
b.
steel
c.
aluminum
d.
copper
e.
cast iron

F106

The welding process that uses a nonconsumable

a.
GMA\\'
b.
SA\\'
c.
GTA\\"
d.
FCA\\"
e.
SMA\\'

F107

The heat treatment in which the metal's temperature is raised to the austenitizing range, held for
a prescribed time and then allowed to cool to room temperature in still air is referred to as:
a.
austcnitizing
b.
norm31izing
c.
annealing
d.
quenching
e.
tempering

F108

In a guided lX'nd test, the bend radius is:

a.
,ilwa\<; ::-in.
t'.
as specified ill the appropriate code or specification
c.
0.5 in.
d.
0.65 in.
c.
as stated 011 I he !\'lTR

u.sing the

electrode is:

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F115

The position on a metal's stress-strain

plastic is the:
a.
yield point
b.
modulus of elasticity
c.
endurance limit
d.
transfonnation t~mperature
e.
Young's Moduh,ls

F116

Low-hydrogen electrodes can be properly identified by which digit of a classification

a.
first digit
b.
second digit
c.
first and second together
d.
second to last digit
e.
last digit

F117

All welding symbol infom1ation referring to the arrow side of the joint is found:
a.
in the tail'
b.
above the reference line
c.
below the reference line
d.
in a note
e.
to the left of the weld symbol

F118

. F119

F120

curve referring to its change in behavior from ~Iastic to

number?

The marking of a rejectable weld should:

a.
be clear and understandable to all involved
b.
be made with a steel impression stamp
c.
note the proper repair procedure
d.
always be in red
e.
always include the welder's identification
MT can be used effectively to inspect which of the following metals?
a.
welds on A36 steel
b.
steel welds on stainless steel plate
c.
welds on aluminum
d.
Welds on all alloy materials
e.
materials properly qualified for use with E308 ekctrodes
Of the welding processes listed below.
rate is:
a.

OAW

b.
c.

FCAW

d.
e.

5\1/\

S..; W

.
\V

G\1AW

tile

oi,e most comlllonly

having tlte highest depo5-ition

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F127

Welding symbol information provided in Figure)

a.
field welding
b.
weld-all-around
c.
a fillet weld
d.
the use of shielded metal arc welding
e.
all of the above

F128

A SMA W weld was produced in which the welder failed to properly clean between passes in a
mUltipass wel.? Which nondestructive test would best reveal the flaws that may be present in the
complet~d werld?
.
a.
RT
b.
VT
c.
MT
d.
PT
e.
ET

F129

SMA W is typically used in which type of application?

a.
semiautomatic
b.
machine
c.
manual
d.
automatic
e.
mechanicaJ

F130

. What
a.
b.
c.

requires:

position is depicted in Figure 2?

6G

5G
6F

d.

6GR

e.

5GR

F131

Using the appropriate conversion factor pro\' ided in the chart on page 41, determine
approximate diameter in inches for ,\0 electrode that measures 1.2 111m.
a.
0.047 in.
b.
4.7 in.
c.
0.0047 in.
d.
0.47 in.
c.
47.2 in.

F132

Underbcad cracking is primarily cau<;cd by:

a.
a source Gf hydrogen
b.
restraint
c.
excessive prehc.1t
d.
fatigue
c.
excessivc loading

the

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F,139

The welding symbol shown in Figure 4 depicts:

a.
a backing weld other-side followed by a V -groove
side
b.
a V-groove weld arrow-side followed by a back weld
c.
a V -groove weld arrow-side with melt-through
d.
a bevel groove weld made one-half the way around
of a pipe
V -groove weld arrow-side with the root finished
cq~tour

,t;. \ . a

I
7/16

weld arrowother-side
the diameter
to a convex

,,
,
T

.1/4 (7/16\

/,
/

7/16

1/4 (7/16)

/
/

,,

7116(1/4)
7/16 (1/4)

~.

F141

The width of the Cllt produced dUJing a cutting process is referred to as:
a.
root opening
b.
kerf
c.
bevel
d.
bevel angle
e.
chamfer

F142

For the 2G position il~pipe welding:

~. ; the ax.is of the pipe is vertical ancl the plane of the weld is horizontal
b.
the aAi~ of the rire is horizontal and the planp. of the weld is vertical
c.
the ripe is not fixed
d.
the axis of the pipe and the plane of the weld 1.re at 45 angles with the vertical plane
e.
the axis of the pipe is ilOriLont:tl and the pipe is rotated

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F149

If a contour symbol is used but the finishing method is not specified on the welding symbol:
a.
it is the inspector's choice
b.
it is the fabricator's choice
c.
the desired contour must be as-welded
d.
it should be found in the code specified
e.
it is the welder's choice

In order to leam the exact locatIon of a subsurface fiaw in three directions, the best NDE method
would be:
,a.
RT
b.
MT'
c.
PT
d.
UT
e.
VT,

The surface of a member included in the groove of a weldment best describes:

a.
roQtopening
b.
groove angle
c.
weld interface
d.
groove face
e.
none of the above

Crater
a.
b.
., c.
d.
e.

F153

cracks can be the result of:

poqr welding technique
abrupt termination of welding
shrinkage of the molten pool
underfill of the crater
all of the above

Figure 7 depicts
process?
a.
SAW
b.
SMAW
PAW
c.
d.
GMAW
e.
FCAW

which welding

NOZZLE

FLUX IN
FROM HOPPER

SLAG

GRANULAR
Fl.UX BLANKET

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

The dimension "e" in Figure 9 identifies:

a.
joint penetration and weld size
b.
weld size and root penetration
c.
depth of fusion
d.
complete joint penetration
e.
incomplete joint penetration

F161
~

If the groove weld in Figure 9 has been properly welded, the dimension "D" is referred to as:
a. underfill because the weld is left unfilled .
. b.
lack of penetration because weld size is inadequate
c.
partial joint penetration because weld size is indicated
d.
complete joint penetration because the joint i~ filled
e.
incomplete joint penetration because the joint should have been filled
Which oflhe following is not a type of weld joint?
a.
lap
b.
Tc, . fillet
d:
butt
e.
edge
When using SMA W, wet electrodes will most likely cause:
a.
. undercut
b.
overlap
c.
underfill i
d.
porosity
. e.
all of the above
Which of the following is considered to be an acceptable way to provide backing for a V-groove
weld in a carbon steel butt joint?
a.
copper backing bar
b.
ceramic backing
c.
flux backing
d. . backing weld
e.
:111of the above
A welder deposits an average of 12 pounds of weld metal per hour. Using the appropriate conversion factor provided in the charl on page 41, determine the approximate kilogn:ms of weld
metal that will be deposited in 6 hours of continuous welding.
a.
5 kg

b.

33 kg

c.
d.

6 kg
26 kg
3~ kg

e.

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

Arc strikes are discontinuities

a.
ESW
b.
SAW
c.
SMAW
d.
OAW
e.
GMAW

most commonly associated with:

Double-groove welds in uutt joints always require:

a.
backgouging
b.
special welding processes
c.
high deposition rate processes
d.
weld to be deposited from both sides of the joint
e.
a spacer to hold critical root openings
What welding
Figi.lre IO?
a.
FCAW
b.
GMAW
c.
SMAW
d.
SAW
e.
ESW

~/,!i

SHIELDING ATMOSPHERE \
WELD POOLA~~~/IIJ
SOLIDIFIED SLAG~

Light-colored
areas within the weld
zone in a radiograph could represent:
a.
porosity and trapped slag
b.
tungsten
inclusions
and meltthrough
melt-through and trapped slag
porosity and tungsten inclusions
underfill and excessive reinforcement

"'~

'METAL AND SLAG

:'~':::~ DROPLETS

~!<!~~~_

WELD~.
METAL ~
--~~~~~---~
-'

PENETRATION
DEPTH
BASEMETAL

DIRECTION OF WELDING-

A single V-groove weld always requires:

a.
special welding processes
b.
bad,gouging
c.
a backing bar
d.
no root opening
e.
CPJ unless otherwise specified

In to

The substance used in

piece and back is called:
a.
solvent
b.
attenuation
c.
couplant
d.
cabie
e.
transducer

aid in the transmission

of sound from the search unit to the work-

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

The welding process

12 is:
a.
GMAW

b.
c.
d.

e.

SAW
SMAW
GTAW
PAW

depicted

..

in Figure

DI,RECTION OF WELDING

~I
T~~g~~ _~~

BACK CAP~

, COLLET BODY
GAS NOZZLE ~_

~ELECTRODELEAD

=~'--

"
FILLER METAL---'"

SHIELDING
GAS IN

1# ~

Y,'

~~",~~_\&l~B,
MOL TW ~A;C
WELD METAL

--

NONCONSUMABLE
TUNGSTEN ELECTRODE
GAS SHIELD

~I1~(.(.".t7
SOLIDIFIED
WELD METAL

F184

The radiograph in Figure 13 shows:

a.
slag incliJsions due to improper fitup.,
b.
tungsten inclusions due to poor tungsten
grinding
c.
porosity due to inadequate shielding
d.
longitudinal crack due to stress
e.
lack of penetration due to poor starts and
stops

F185'

\Vhich of the following is an example of an electrode classification

a.
EWTH-2
b.
AS.I
c.
AS.9
d.
E7018
e.
ER70S-2

F186

In a gro~ve-weld cross section, the 'line' separating weld metal from base metal is called:
a.
the fusion face
b.
the depth of fusion
c.
the depth of penetration
d.
the weld interface
e.
none of the above

number for GTA W?

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F192

The "A" dimension in Figure 16 is referred to

as:
actual weld throat
weld size
weld leg
theoretical wcld throat
effective wcld throat
~.

F193

"F" in Figure 16 points to:

a.
the root penetration
b.
tge weld penetration
c.
the weld root
d.
the joint root
e.
none of the above

F194

The dimension "e" in Fi!:!ure 16 shows:

a.
the theoretical throat
b.
the actual throat
c.
the ~ffectivc throat
'd.
weld leg
e.
convexity

F195

The dimension "D" in Figure 16 is called:

a.
the theoretical throat and the effective throat
b.
the effective throat and the actual throat
c.
the actual throat and the theNetical throat
d.
weld size
e.
convexity

F196

The dimension "E" in Figure 16 refers to:

a.
the actual throat
b.
the effective throat
c.
convexity
d.
leg and weld size
e.
concavity

F197

One common cause of centerline weld cracks is:

a.
the U$e of preheat
b.
a highly restrained weld joint
c.
using the wrong polarity
d.
stress relief heat treatment
e.
the presence of incomplete sidewall fusion

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F204

. ~ F205

'\=206

What
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

is meant by the term essential variable?

Data on a WPS that if changed during prod!Jction will render a WPS disqualified.
Data on an inspection report that if changed render the report disqualified.
Data on an MTR that is essential to the chemistry of the material.
the recommended amperage and voltage for welding as published by the manufacturt:r.
describes what should be included in a WPS .

The dimellsion "B" in Figure 17 is:

a.
the weld throat
, b.
the
weld size
I
, c.
p'oint of tangency
d.
groove weld size
e.
fillet weld profile

The dimension "A" in Figure 17 is the:

a.
convexity
b.
concavity
c.
face reinforcement
d.
weld size
c.
overlap

F207

The dimension "E" in Figure I7 is:

a.
the actual thmat
b.
the effective throat
c.
the theoretical throat
d.
weld size
e.
convexity

F208

The dimension "D" in Figure 17 is:

a.
the actual throat
b.
the effective throat
c.
the theoretical tr.roat
d.
weld size
e.
weld leg

F209

Where should the preheat temperature be measured?

a.
in the weld groove
b.
12 in. from the weld groove
c.
where the arc will be ini;iated
d.
2-3 in. from the weld groove
e.
preheat temperature need not be measurep

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

F216

WhiG:h discontinuity occurs in the heat-affected

weld zone?
a.
throat crack
b.
crater crack
c.
underbead crack
d.
porosity
e.
centerline crack

F217

Which of the following measurements

a.
mass and volume
b.
length and thickness
c:
width and length
d.
width and thickness
e.
~.oad and pressure

F218

When establishing a PQR?

3.
the type and number of tests required is determined by the applicable standard
b.
a face and root bend will qualify all plates
c.
testing requirements are determined by the contractor and approved by the inspector
d.
destructive testing is required only if a problem is suspected
e.
a weld test plate does not have to be mechanically tested to establish a PQR

F219

Which of the following discqntinuities

a.
lack of fusion
b.
slag inclusions
c.
tungsten inclusions
d.
porosity
e.
undercut

F226

Using the appropriate

21 ipm to mm/s.
a.
88.9
b.
8.9
c.
0.88
d.
0.088
e.
49.61

F221

Using the appropriate conversion factor from the chart on page 41, calculate the ultimate tensile
strength in MPa of a tensile specimen having a cros~-sectional area of 0.300 sq. in. and broke at
a tensile load of 24.600 Ibs.

conversion

Load (Ibs.)
Area of specime!1 (sq. in.)
a.
b.

c.
d.
c.

565 Pa
565 i\1Pa
5.65 Pa
565 kPa
5.650 kPa

zone and can result from excess moisture in the.

are taken from a tensile specimen to determine area?

is not associated with GTA W?

factor from the chart. on page 41, convert

a travel speed of

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

Area of Square or Rectangle

Area = length x width
Area or Circle
~
Area
Percent Elohgation

Original Area - Final Area

Original Area .

P max
Area

where:

UTS for full section pipe

YS

__

load to break specimen

specimen's original cross-sectional

0.7854 (OD2 _102)

Load at specified offset

Original cross-sectional area

x 100

P max
Area

x 100

P max

= -------

x A x 60

where:

J/in. = ------Travel Speed (ipm)

CE

Final Galle LenQ.th - OriQ.inal GaQ.e Length

....
..
.

Original Gage Length

% Reduction of Area

diameter2

7! X ----

'k Elongation

UTS

0/(
/0

%Mn
6

%Ni
15

%Cu
13

+--+--+--+--

%Mo
14

J
V
A
lpm

=
=
=
=

Joules (energy)
welding voltage
welding amperage
inches per minute

area

Welding Inspection Technology

Fundamentals Examination

ANSWER

FJ
c
a
F2
c
F3
F4
a
F5
b
F6
a
F7
c
F8
b
F9
c
r.10 c
FII a
Fi2 a
FI3 e \
FI4 b
FI5 b
FJ6 e
FJ7 c
FI8 d
FJ9 e
F20 c
F21 a
F22 "b
F23 b
F24 d
F25 e
F26 c
F27 c
F28 d
F29 c
F30 c
F31 c
F32 d
F33 b
F34 b
F35 b
F36 a
F37 cI
F38 c
F39 b
F40 c
F41 c
F42 b
f43 c
F44 c
F45 h
F46 a

F47
F48
F49
F50
F51
F52
F53
F54
F55
F56
F57
F58
F59
F60
F61
F62
F63
F64
F65
F66
F67
F68
F69
F70
F71
F72
F73
F74
F75
F76
F77
F78
F79
F80
F81
F82
F83
F84
F85
F86
F87
FS8
F89
F90
F91
F92

a
d
d
c
a
b
d
c
c
e
b

e
b
c
b
d
e
c
a
b
c
b
a

a
b
c
c
e
b
c
b
a
a
a
c
c
c
a
a
e
c
e
b
c
a
b

F93
F94
F95
F96
F97 .
F98
F99
FIOO
FJOI
FJ02
FI03
FI04
FJOS
FI06
FI07
FI08
FI09
FllO
FiJI
Fl12
FII3
Fl14
Fl15
FI16
Fl17
FI18
Fl19
Fl20
Fl21
FI22
F123
FI24
FI25
FI26
Fl27
FI28
Fl29
F130
' F131
F132
F133
F134
F135
FD6
FL~.7
F138

a
c
b
b
c
c
b
a
d
b
c
a
c
c
b
b
b

c
d
b

a
c

a
e
c
a

a
c
c
e
c
d
b
b
e
a
c
d
a
a
a
b
c
b
b
a

42

KEY

FI39
FI40
FI41
FI42
F!43
FI44
FI45
FI46
FJ17
FI48
FI49
FI50
FI51
FJ52
FI53
FI54
FJ55
FJ56
FI57
Fl58
FI59
FI60
Fl61
Fl62
Fl63
Fl64
FIG5
FI66
FI57
1:J58
Fl59
FI70
FI71
FI72
FI73
Fl74
FI75
FI76
FIn
FI78
F179
FI80
FI81
FI82
FI83
F184

c
b
b
a
b
b
c
b
c
b

c
d
d
e
a
d
c
b

b
b
c
a
c
c
d
c
b
c
c
c
a
b
c
d

c
b

c
c
c
d
a
e
b
c

cI
c

FI85
Fl86
FJ87
FI88
FI89
FI90
FI91
FI92
FI93
FI94
FI95
FI96
FI97
FI98
FI99
F200
F201
F202
F203
F204
F205
F206
F207
F208
F209
F210
F211
F212
F213
F214
F215
F216
F217
F218
F219
F220
F221
F222
F223
F224

a
d
a
d
e
b
d
b
d
a
b

e
b
b
a
d
c
d
a

a
b

a
a
b
d
e
e
e
e
c
d
c
d

a
b
b

b
c
b
c