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CHAPTER 2- cont.
CONTENT
2.1 Pressure
HYDROSTATIC
FORCE
CONCEPT
Inclined
Submerged
Plane Surface
Submerged
Plane Surface
Submerged
Curved Surface
Horizontal
Submerged
Plane Surface
Vertical
Submerged
Plane Surface
CENTRE OF PRESSURE
CENTRE OF PRESSURE
surface.
hc
Figure 3.2:
Pressure
distributions on
two vertical plane
areas (viewed
from edges)
F
F
hc
hp
P = h
CENTRE OF PRESSURE
hp
Center point
Center point
Free surface
Free surface
FR
is calculated using:
dF
C
P
dA
c
y
P= F/A
CP
Center point
Center of
pressure
(Equation 3.1)
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F = P.A
where:
P = gh
= Density (kg/m3)
g = Gravity acceleration ( 9.81 m/s2)
hc = Vertical distance from fluid to the centroid of
the area (m)
A = Submerged plane area (m2)
yR is calculated using:
(Equation 3.2)
where:
(Equation 3.3)
where:
Ixc = Moment of area upon x-y coordinate system through
center of area (m4) See Table 3.1
xc = Distance from fluid surface at point O to the submerged
plane center directed along x coordinate system (m).
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Table 3.1: Area, center point, second moment of area, moment of area with respect to an
orthogonal set of axes ( x y coordinate system)
SHAPE
RECTANGULAR
Ixc
Ixyc
0
b
d
TRIANGULAR
c
b
SEMI CIRCULAR
0.1098R4
CIRULAR
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x
y
xc
QUARTER
CIRCULAR
0.05488R4
-0.01647R164
FR
yR yc
FR
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Slide 13
a1
SOLUTION
EXAMPLE 3.1
B
3m
45
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(ii)
where;
where;
hence;
hence;
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Submerged curve
Surface
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SUBMERGED CURVED
SURFACE
Figure 3.6: Fluid in open tank with semi circular shape at the bottom (
elevation view )
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(i) MAGNITUDE
(Equation 3.4)
where,
= Unit weight of fluid (water = 9.81 kN/m2)
A1 = Fluid area at zone 1 ( above OB line Table 3.1
(m2). In this case; (rectangular shape)
L = Length of plane (m)
(ii) LOCATION
Act at the center point of zone 1 obtained from Table 3.1 & in this
case;
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2. W 2 FORCE
(ii) LOCATION
Act at the center point of zone 2 from Table 3.1 & in this case;
(i) MAGNITUDE
&
(Equation 3.5)
where,
A2 = Fluid area at zone 2 (at OBD curved surfae Table 3.1 (m2). In
this case;
(quarter circular shape)
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FL FORCE
(i)
MAGNITUDE
(ii) LOCATION
where,
hc = Vertical distance from fluid surface to the
submerged centriod of the area (m)
A = Projected vertical plane area rectangular
shape : Figure 3.7 (m2). In this case;
Equation 3.6
Equation 3.7
where,
Ixc = Second moment of area for projected plane area
(m4) which is;
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(i) MAGNITUDE
(ii) LOCATION
this
Equation 3.9
Equation 3.11
Equation 3.12
Equation 3.10
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EXAMPLE 3.2
(iii)
(ii)
SOLUTION:
Consider the free body diagram;
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(i)
where;
therefore;
Hence;
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(ii)
where;
therefore;
where;
therefore;
where;
therefore;
Hence;
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(iii)
where;
therefore;
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Exercise
43
Exercise
Exercise
End