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Axial Force-Moment Interaction Diagrams to

Calculate Shear Wall Reinforcement
Article January 2014

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3 authors:
Hamed Dabiri

Ahmad Kavyani

Semnan University

Semnan University

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Retrieved on: 23 May 2016

ISSN: 23194731 (p); 23195037 (e)

AXIAL FORCE-MOMENT INTERACTION DIAGRAMS TO CALCULATE SHEAR WALL

REINFORCEMENT
Hamed Dabiri1*, Ahmad Kaviani1, Ali Kheyroddin1
Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
*(corresponding Author: Hamed Dabiri +98-9124602510
h.dabiri2010@gmail.com)

ABSTRACT
One of the most important resistant systems which are used in concrete structures is moment resisting frames. One
of the defects of this type of resistant system is the great lateral drift, therefore concrete or steel shear walls are used
to reduce lateral drift. Using resistance frame and shear wall together in a structure is known as dual system. Shear
walls resist lateral forces due to earthquake or wind; therefore, calculation of shear walls dimension and
reinforcement with few mistakes possible and in a correct way is very important. In this study, drawing axial forcemoment interaction diagrams to calculate shear wall reinforcement will be discussed. Uniform reinforcing approach
based on ACI 318-83 code was used to obtain equations which were independent of shear wall dimensions. Axial
load-moment interaction diagrams are presented as results which can be used to calculate shear wall reinforcement.
Mistake elimination and calculation speed increased are the most important benefits of these diagrams which are
used to calculate shear wall reinforcement.

KEYWORDS: Axial force-moment interaction diagram, longitudinal reinforcement, RC shear wall.

INTRODUCTION
Excising walls in a building are classified in two main groups: partition walls and structural walls. Partition walls are
usually built in 10, 20 and 35 cm to separate building areas while structural walls are used to resist lateral and axial
forces applied to structure and can be classified as three main groups [4]:
a) Bearing walls: this type of walls, resist axial loads applied to the structure.
b) Retaining walls: A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil
when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil [3].
c) Shear walls: this type of walls resist lateral forces applied to structure due to wind, earthquake, etc. They also
may resist axial forces and are usually made of concrete, steel, wood and brick.
Shear wall is a vertical RC1 shell which is transversally and longitudinally reinforced so that the steel bars
continue from the foundation to the top level of wall. RC shear wall perform as a cantilever beam which resist shear
forces by bending deformation. Using shear wall in 30 to 40 stories buildings can be economical. In the buildings with
more than 40 stories, shear wall width will be great to resist stresses of wind and earthquake loads how using it would
not be economical. Shear walls can be classified as: cantilever shear wall, cantilever shear wall with boundary element
and coupled shear walls [4].
As figure 1 show, shear wall reinforcement can be calculated in two main types:
a) Boundary element Reinforcement
b) uniform reinforcement
Researches indicate that Boundary element reinforcement can have a better performance [4].
The novel goal of this study is to obtain axial force-moment interaction diagrams to calculate shear wall reinforcement
according to ACI 318-83 code. The main benefit of these diagrams is that they are free from shear wall dimensions
(length, width and height) and depends on Pu, Mu, fy and fcc, which are axial load applied to the shear wall, moment
applied to the shear wall, yielding strength of steel bars and 28 days strength of cylindrical specimen of concrete,
respectively.

Reinforced Concrete

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Figure1. types of shear wall reinforcement: a) boundary element reinforcing b)uniform reinforcing[4]
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The procedure of obtaining dimensions free formulas and drawing axial force-moment interaction diagrams is
presented in this section .As mentioned before, ACI 318-83 code is used to calculate and draw axial force-moment
interaction diagram. ACI 318-83 code equations for shear wall reinforcing calculation are as following [1, 2,3]:

Where:
fcc: 28 days specified compressive strength of concrete (kg/cm2)
lw: shear wall length(cm)
h: shear wall width(cm)
As: reinforcement area(cm2)
fy: yielding strength of steel(kg/cm2)
: ratio of reinforcement area to shear wall section area
As above mentioned formula shows, equations (1) and (2) depend on shear wall dimensions and to make them
dimensions independent we have:

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By replacing

and

,in the equation number (2) we will have:

As equations (8) and (9) show,

and

are independent dimensions. A simple shear wall with certain

dimensions is used to draw axial force-moment interaction diagrams. The shear wall reinforcement ratio ( ) is chosen
from 1 to 4 (by the step of 0.25) and

and

Are calculated for each

As concrete and steel parameters are

changed in diffrenet countries and different conditions, fy and fcc are considered as table 1.
Table1. fy and fcc considered for diagrams

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Diagram number

fcc (kg/cm2)

fy (kg/cm2)

200

2400

250

2400

300

2400

350

2400

200

3000

250

3000

300

3000

350

3000

200

4000

10

250

4000

11

300

4000

12

350

4000

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Figure2.Interaction diagram forfy=2400 kg/cm2 fcc=200 kg/cm2

Figure3.Interaction diagram forfy=2400 kg/cm2 fcc=250 kg/cm2

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Figure4. Interaction diagram forfy=2400 kg/cm2 fcc=300 kg/cm2

Figure5.Interaction diagram forfy=2400 kg/cm2 fcc=350 kg/cm2

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Figure6.Interaction diagram forfy=3000 kg/cm2 fcc=200 kg/cm2

Figure7.Interaction diagram forfy=3000 kg/cm2 fcc=250 kg/cm2

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Figure8.Interaction diagram forfy=3000 kg/cm2 fcc=300 kg/cm2

Figure9. Interaction diagram forfy=3000 kg/cm2 fcc=350 kg/cm2

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Figure10.Interaction diagram forfy=4000 kg/cm2 fcc=200 kg/cm2

Figure11.Interaction diagram forfy=4000 kg/cm2 fcc=250 kg/cm2

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Figure12. Interaction diagram forfy=4000 kg/cm2 fcc=300 kg/cm2

Figure13. Interaction diagram forfy=4000 kg/cm2 fcc=350 kg/cm2

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As mentioned before, the main goal of this study is to obtain axial force-moment interaction diagrams which are
dimensions free with the purpose of calculating RC shear wall reinforcement according to ACI 318-83. To find the
shear wall reinforcement ratio,

and

shall be calculated and also fy and fcc shall be clarified (for example

to calculate reinforcement of a certain wall with fcc=350 kg/cm2 and fy=4000 kg/cm2, diagram in figure13 shall be
used). After finding the in the related diagram, reinforcement area will be obtained by multiplying the in the shear
wall section area:

This study has been done to reduce probable mistakes in the calculation procedure and also increase the
calculation speed. It should be mentioned that obtained diagrams can be redraw, using different codes for each country
with special code.
REFERENCES
ACI Committee 318 (1983). Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-83), American Concrete
Institute, Detroit. 111.
ACI Committee 318, Structural Building Code. (2002). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI
318-2002) and Commentary, (ACI 318R-2002).
Ching F. D., Faia R. S. and Winkel P. (2006). Building Codes Illustrated: A Guide to Understanding the 2006
International Building Code. 2th Ed. New York, NY: Wiley.
Kheyroddin A. (2009). Analysis and design of shear walls.

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