Pediatric Mnemonics

Croup: symptoms 3 S's:

Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal-bark cough

Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT): common sign AT:

Absent
Thymus

Guthrie card: diseases identified with it "Guthrie Cards Can Help Predict Bad Metabolism":
Galactosaemia
Cystic fibrosis
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Hypothyroidism
Phenylketonuria
Biotidinase deficiency
Maple syrup urine disease

Williams syndrome: features WILLIAMS:

Weight (low at birth, slow to gain)
Iris (stellate iris)
Long philtrum
Large mouth
Increased Ca++
Aortic stenosis (and other stenoses)
Mental retardation
Swelling around eyes (periorbital puffiness)

Russell Silver syndrome: features ABCDEF:

Asymmetric limb (hemihypertrophy)
Bossing (frontal)
Clinodactyly/ Cafe au lait spots
Dwarf (short stature)
Excretion (GU malformation)
Face (triangular face, micrognathia)

Dentition: eruption times of permanent dentition "Mama Is In Pain, Papa Can Make Medicine":
1st Molar: 6 years
1st Incisor: 7 years
2nd Incisor: 8 years
1st Premolar: 9 years

2nd Premolar: 10 years

Canine: 11 years
2nd Molar: 12 years
3rd Molar: 18-25 years

Cyanotic heart diseases: 5 types Use your five fingers:

1 finger up: Truncus Arteriosus (1 vessel)
2 fingers up: Dextroposition of the Great Arteries (2 vessels transposed)
3 fingers up: Tricuspid Atresia (3=Tri)
4 fingers up: Tetralogy of Fallot (4=Tetra)
5 fingers up: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (5=5 words)

Head circumference with age Remember 3, 9, and multiples of 5:

Newborn 35 cm
3 mos 40 cm
9 mos 45 cm
3 yrs 50 cm
9 yrs 55 cm

Cyanotic congenital heart diseases 5 T's:

Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the great arteries
Tricuspid atresia
Tetrology of Fallot
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Weights of children with age Newborn 3 kg

6 mos 6 kg (2x birth wt at 6 mos)
1 yr 10 kg (3x birth wt at 1 yr)
3 yrs 15 kg (odd yrs, add 5 kg until 11 yrs)
5 yrs 20 kg
7 yrs 25 kg
9 yrs 30 kg
11 yrs 35 kg (add 10 kg thereafter)
13 yrs 45 kg
15 yrs 55 kg
17 yrs 65 kg

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS): components "Remember to decrease the RATE of IV fluids in

these patients":
Renal failure
Anemia (microangiopathic, hemolytic)

Thrombocytopenia
Encephalopathy (TTP)

Cough (chronic): differential When cough in nursery, rock the "CRADLE":

Cystic fibrosis
Rings, slings, and airway things (tracheal rings)/ Respiratory infections
Aspiration (swallowing dysfunction, TE fistula, gastroesphageal reflux)
Dyskinetic cilia
Lung, airway, and vascular malformations (tracheomalacia, vocal cord dysfunction)
Edema (heart failure)

Cystic fibrosis: presenting signs CF PANCREAS:

Chronic cough and wheezing
Failure to thrive
Pancreatic insufficiency (symptoms of malabsorption like steatorrhea)
Alkalosis and hypotonic dehydration
Neonatal intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus)/ Nasal polyps
Clubbing of fingers/ Chest radiograph with characteristic changes
Rectal prolapse
Electrolyte elevation in sweat, salty skin
Absence or congenital atresia of vas deferens
Sputum with Staph or Pseudomonas (mucoid)

WAGR syndrome: components WAGR:

Wilm's tumor
Aniridia
Gential abnormalities
Mental Retardation

Haematuria: differential in children ABCDEFGHIJK:

Anatomy (cysts, etc)
Bladder (cystitis)
Cancer (Wilm's tumour)
Drug related (cyclophosphamide)
Exercise induced
Factitious (Munchausen by proxy)
Glomerulonephritis
Haematology (bleeding disorder, sickle cell)
Infection (UTI)
In Jury (trauma)
Kidney stones (hypercalciuria)

Vitamin Toxicity:

Excess vitamin A: Anomalies (teratogenic)

Excess vitamin E: Enterocolitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)
Excess vitamin K: Kernicterus (hemolysis)
Pediatric milestones in development 1 year:
-single words
2 years:
-2 word sentences
-understands 2 step commands
3 years:
-3 word combos
-repeats 3 digits
-rides tricycle
4 years:
-draws square
-counts 4 objects

Breast feeding: contraindicated drugs BREAST:

Bromocriptine/ Benzodiazepines
Radioactive isotopes/ Rizatriptan
Ergotamine/ Ethosuximide
Amiodarone/ Amphetamines
Stimulant laxatives/ Sex hormones
Tetracycline/ Tretinoin
Paediatric history taking Begin with standard things: patient name, presenting complaint, history of
presenting complaint and past medical history.
Then ask BIFIDA:
Birth details and problems
Immunisations
Feeding
Infection, exposure to
Development, normality of
Allergies
End by customary review of the rest of the standard things: medications, family history and social history.
Neonatal resuscitation: successive steps "Do What Pediatricians Say To, Or Be Inviting Costly
Malpractice":
Drying
Warming
Positioning
Suctioning
Tactile stimulation
Oxygen
Bagging
Intubate endotracheally
Chest compressions
Medications

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DZ

A. Assesment of child with respiratory distress
when assessing the child with respiratory distress you assess the whEEEze
Effort
Efficacy
Effect
EFFORT
recession
Respiratory rate
Grunting
Use of accessory muscles
Nasal Flaring
EFFICACY
Breath sounds
Chest expansion/ abdominal excursion
Effects of inadequate breathing
Heart rate
Skin colour
Mental status

B.The signs of life threatning aasthma are:

Asthmatics die on the seven seas (c"s)
Cyanosis
Confusion
Collapse/Conked out
Cillect Chest
CO2 climbs (but may be normal)

RESPIRATORY CLUBBING
ABCDEF
A Abscess
B Bronchiectasis
C/d Cystic (fibrosis) disease
E Empyema
F Fibrosing alveolitis

Chronic Cough
@IN CRADLEs
IN Infections
C Cystic fibrosis
R Rings,slings and airway things

A
D
L
E

Aspiration
Dyskinetic cilia
Lung/airway/vascular malformations
Esophagus

WHEEZE
There is no VACCINE for a wheeze
V Virus
A Asthma
C Cardaic
C Cystic
IN Infection
E AllErgy/Edema
The neonate who goes blue on the ventilator
A baby blue has got no hope
If you dont even think of DOPE!
D Displacement
O Obstruction
P Pneumothorax
E Equipment failure

Causes of Pleural Effusion

3 Hs, 3 Cs, 3 Is
H Heart failure,
Hypoproteinaemic States,
Hypothyroidism
C Constrictive Pericarditis
Connective tissue disease
Consumption
I

Infection
Infarction
Intestinal(i.e. inflammation from intestine)

CAUSES OF FALSE POSITIVE Sweat TEST

The Sweaty CAGED MAID is positive false!!!
C A Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia
G Glycogen storage disease

E D Ectodermal Dysplasia
M Mucopolysachharidoses
A I Adrenal Insufficiency
D Diabetes insipidus
the AID in Maid = HIV

False Negative Sweat test

SweetPEAs arent nuts (arent nuts = false negative)
P Poor technique
E Edema
A Atypical CF
Estimating the insertion distance of endotracheal tube based on body
weight
1,2,3,4. . . 7,8,9,10
1kg insert to
7cm
2 kg insert to 8cm
3 kg insert to 9cm
4 kg insert to 10cm
Causes of cyanosis in congenital heart disease
A.6Ts
Transposition of great arteries
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
Truncus Arteriosus
TOF
Pulmonary aTresia
B.0,1,2,3,4,53
0 0 pulmonaries = pulmonary atresia
1 1 only 1 big vessel = truhnchus arteriosus
2 2 vessels wrong way around = Transposition
3 Tri tricuspid atresia
4 Tetra tetralogy
5 Five letters = TAPVD (Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous
Drainage)

Causes of Pulmonary Stenosis

WARNED
Williams
Alagilles
Rubella
Noonan"s
Ehlers-Danlos
Dx of Kawasaki"s Disease
My HEART
M Mucosal
H Hand extrimity change
E Eye changes
R Rash
T Temperature
(this mnemonic also helps u to remb that the heart is also affected)
Types of VSD
PODIUM
Perimembranous
Outlet
Doubly committed
Inlet
Unaligned (actually Malaligned)
Muscular