Chapter1Introduction

1.Definition
Sedimentology:abranch
branchofgeosciences
that deals with sedimentary processes,
sedimentsandsedimentary
sedimentaryenvironments.

2.WhystudySedimentology?
WhystudySedimentology?

Sedimentologyisveryusefulin:
(1)Explorationofoilandgas
(2)Developmentofoilandgas
(3)StudyofPalaeotectonics
(3)StudyofPalaeotectonics
(4)Humanlife

(1)Applicationinexplorationofoilandgas
Applicationinexplorationofoilandgas
Predictdistributionandqualityofreservoirsand
hydrocarbonsourcerocksanddistributionoflithological
traps.

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SedimentaryfaciesofUpperTriassicBaikouquanFm.
SedimentaryfaciesofUpperTriassicBaikouquanFm.

(2)Applicationindevelopmentofoilandgas
Directthedesignofwellnet,waterinjectionand
Directthedesignofwellnet,waterinjectionand
presurecracking.

(3)Applicationinstudyofpalaeotectonics
ofpalaeotectonics
Analyzehistoryofpalaeotectonicactivities,especially
nalyzehistoryofpalaeotectonicactivities,especially
historyofbasinboundaryfaults
historyofbasinboundaryfaultsandrestoreoriginalscopeof
basins.

Restore original scope of basins

basins

(4) Application in human life

Twoyearslater

3.Historyofsedimentology
ThreedevelopmentstagesofSedimentology
ThreedevelopmentstagesofSedimentology
(1)Foundationstage(1777
(1)Foundationstage(17771940)
1777 A.G.Werner(germangeologist1749
A.G.Werner(germangeologist
1817)proposedNeptunianTheoryfirst
1777,hedividedstrataofMountainOzintofourtypes
1777,hedividedstrataofMountainOzintofourtypes
dAlluviumgravel,sand,clay,containingmassfossils.
gravel,sand,clay,containingmassfossils.
Mechanicaldeposit.
cStratifiedrocklimestone,sandstone,gypsum,halite,coal,
limestone,sandstone,gypsum,halite,coal,
containingmassfossil.Mechanicalandchemicaldeposit.
bGradationalbedscrystallineschist,slate,containingthe
crystallineschist,slate,containingthe
earliestfossils.Chemicaldepositdominated.
aOriginallayergranite,gneiss,basalt,etc.,nofossil
granite,gneiss,basalt,etc.,nofossil
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Originalmarinechemicaldeposit.
Originalmarinechemicaldeposit.

1795 JamesHutton(Scotland,1726
(Scotland,1726
1797publishedTheoryof
publishedTheoryof theEarth,put
forwardtheideaUniformitarianism.
1830CharlesLyell(17971875
1875published
PrinciplesofGeology,formallyand
systematicallydiscussedUniformitarianism
systematicallydiscussed

Uniformitarianismthekeyforresearching
thekeyforresearching
ancientsedimentationandsedimentay
ancientsedimentationandsedimentay
environments.
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1850Sorbyutilizedpolarizingmicroscopefirst,and
Sorbyutilizedpolarizingmicroscopefirst,and
thenstartedtheeraofmicroscopic
researchofrocks.

1914Gilbertdidflumeexperiments
Gilbertdidflumeexperiments
withdifferentsizesofsandandstream
intensitystartedresearchon
sedimentologybyexperiment.
1939TwenhofelpublishedPrinciplesof
TwenhofelpublishedPrinciplesof
Sedimentology,whichrepresents
whichrepresents
foundingofsedimentologyas
anindependentdiscipline.
anindependentdiscipline.
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2Maturestage1940
19401970
Broughtforwardscientificclassificationof
sedimentaryrockandestablishedfaciesmodels
forvarioussedimentaryfacies.
3Disciplineintegrationstage
Disciplineintegrationstage1970now
Sedimentologyisintegratedwithother
disciplines,forminginterdiscipline
Sedimentology,e.g.TectonicSedimentology,
SedimentatyGeochemistry,Seismic
SedimentatyGeochemistry,Seismic
Sedimentology.
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4.DevelopmenttrendsofSedimentology
=Newadvances
1)Sandbodyconfiguration
2)Seismicresearch
2)Seismicresearch
technology

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Velocitysectionofw5w18wb15sbycutingin3Dseismics
5sbycutingin3Dseismics
inversiondataobject.W5andwb15existinglithologychange
5existinglithologychange
w18slithologyisclosetowb15

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=Developmenttrendinfuture
Developmenttrendinfuture
QuantitativeSedimentology
Quantitativesedimentology
Quantitativesedimentology
1.Quantifyinggeometricparametersof
sedimentarybody
2.Quantifyingsedimentationprocess
2.Quantifyingsedimentationprocess

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QuestionsforChapter1
1.Whatissedimentology?
2.Whatistheimportanceofsedimentology?
3.Giveanexampleofapplicationof
sedimentologyinourdailylife.
sedimentologyinourdailylife.

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