Proceedings ojCCIS2014

HOUSING INTELLIGENT LIGHTING CONTROL

STRATEGY RESEARCH
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!
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2
Yansong Liang , Zhouding Jia , Huanzhong Yao , Jing Chen
1
2

The Civil Engineering & Architectural Society of Beijing, Beijing 100068, China

Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation, Beijing 100141, China

liayase@yeah.net

Abstract: Housing intelligent lighting control is studied

For example, nightscape lighting in shopping malls

in this paper, including the introduction of the basic

tends

methods of lighting control

switching and changing patterns, which are difficult to

and the advantages of

to

adopt

complex

lighting

design.

Frequent

intelligent lighting, the discussion about basic ideas and

be realized by traditional lighting, can be addressed by

application

intelligent lighting. The adoption of intelligent lighting

control

methods

strategy

of

in

housing

aspects

of

intelligent

constant

lighting

illuminance

in the offices in office buildings can effectively reduce

control, timing control, scene control and linkage control,

the phenomenon that lamps are still on after people get

etc.

off work and reduce the energy consumption of lighting,

Keywords:

Housing;

Intelligent

lighting;

thus saving the charges for electricity. Compared to the

Control;

office building, shopping mall and other commercial

Lighting design

buildings, people pay less attention to housing intelligent

lighting. The existing research is generally based on

Introduction

Internationally,
defined

as

an

one

public places and not entirely applicable to private

intelligent

that

building

provides

is

places like housing.

generally

productive

Intelligent lighting control strategy is researched and

and

explored based on housing in this paper.

cost-effective environment through optimization of its

four basic elements-structure,

systems, services, and

management-and the interrelationships among them. In

China, an intelligent building is defined as one that is
equipped

with

infrastructure,
systems,

information
information

building

technology

technology

management

There are many intelligent lighting control strategies, but

system

they are all based on basic lighting control methods:

application

systems,

and

on-off control and dimming control [7].

public

security systems, etc., integrates its structure, systems,

2.1 On-off control

services, management and their optimal combination,

On-off control refers to turn on and off the light through

and provides a safe, efficient, convenient, energy-saving,

environmentally
environment

[1].

friendly
These

and
two

healthy
definitions

the on-off of the loop.

building
have

Rocker switch is commonly used in traditional lighting.

no

In general, a rocker switch is directly connected together

difference in essence, but the Chinese definition clearly

with a lamp in a loop, and the on-off of the loop is

points out that intelligent buildings rely heavily on

controlled by the on-off action of the rocker switch.

information systems to realize relevant functions and

When a lamp needs to be controlled from two locations,

they are an inevitable product of the information era.

Intelligent

buildings

are

environmentally

it is necessary to use a double-control rocker switch and

friendly,

there will be more circuits. When a lamp needs to be

practical, advanced and sustainable, etc., quite fitting the

controlled

idea of ecological harmony of sustainable development.

The intelligence of buildings has become a focus and hot

of

In intelligent lighting, the loop where a lamp is installed

is designed according to needs, as in traditional lighting.

As an integral part of intelligent building, intelligent

The difference lies in that there are a lot of ways to

lighting is committed to establishing a healthy and

control

comfortable lighting environment. Intelligent lighting,

the

switch

in

intelligent

lighting.

With

information technology, the on-off of a loop where a

featuring energy efficiency, comfort and health, has

lamp

been more and more popular with people and become an

of

number

complicated.

market size in 2012 reached RMB 86.l billion [6].

development

the

multiple locations. In addition, a rocker switch can only

developed at an annual growth rate of over 20%, and the

the

locations,

be turned on or off manually and the operation is

market of the intelligent building industry in China has

in

multiple

sharply. Therefore, a lamp is rarely controlled from

cities [2-5]. According to relevant research reports, the

trend

from

circuits and the complexity of installation will increase

spot of the construction and development of modern

inevitable

Lighting control methods

is

installed

can

be

controlled

manually

or

automatically through an intelligent switch, a breaker, a

modern

timer, a sensor, or an intelligent controller in intelligent

architecture [1].

lighting, realizing complicated and diversified lighting

In commercial buildings such as office buildings and

control.

shopping malls, intelligent lighting is being widely used.

978-1-4799-4719-5114/$31.00 2014 IEEE

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Proceedings ojCCIS2014
therefore

2.2 Dimming control

Dimming control refers to regulate the luminance of a

Knob switch is commonly used in traditional lighting. In

lighting,

dimming

control

is

and

people's

healthy

work

lighting

and

life

with

environments

and

reducing dizziness and eyestrain.

luminaire by electromagnetic voltage regulation.

traditional

providing

comfortable

generally

Intelligent lighting control strategies

The standard values for lighting of China's residential

implemented for light sources such as incandescent

lamps. For example, the bedside lamps in hotel rooms

buildings are shown in Table I [10]. Combined with

are mostly regulated by knob switches. However, light

sensor, timer, intelligent controller and other devices

[11], housing intelligent lighting control strategy mainly

sources such as incandescent lamps consume much

involves the following aspects.

energy and have been limited for use. Knob switches are
increasingly

unacceptable

and

their

use

is

on

the

Table I Standard values for lighting of residential buildings

decrease.
Illumination sensor is generally applied in intelligent

Reference

lighting to implement dimming control. It can regulate

lamps

with

incandescent

different
lamps,

light

sources,

including

lamps,

fluorescent

low-voltage

Room or place

its height

illumination
(Ix)

lamps, metal halide lamps, and LED lamps, etc. [8]. The

horizontal

illumination in a place varies with time and weather

conditions. For example, on a clear noon day, the living

general

plane

activities

0.75m

room is generally full of sunshine, and the lamp does not

100

above the

need to be switched on. When the night falls, sunshine

floor

living room

alone cannot provide sufficient illumination, and the

a
horizontal

lamp needs to be switched on, which is simply a

supplement to the sunshine at this time. The brightness
of the lamp can be regulated through the detection by an

writing and

plane

reading

0.75m

300

above the

illumination sensor to maintain the illumination in the

floor

room near a standard value. When it is dark, the lamp

alone provides appropriate illumination.

plane and

Standard
value for

horizontal

The Advantages of Intelligent Lighting

general

plane

activities

0.75m

75

above the

Compared with traditional lighting, intelligent lighting

In intelligent lighting, lighting in different environments

precisely

and

intelligently

a
horizontal

3.1 Reducing energy consumption

is

floor

bedroom

mainly has the following advantages.

controlled

by

bedside and

plane

reading

0.75m

various

floor

means, and minimum amounts of energy are adopted to

guarantee

required

effectively

avoiding

illumination
the

standards,

phenomena

of

150

above the
the top of

thus

a dining

"everlasting

dining room

lamps" and too strong illumination and greatly reducing

table
0.75m

150

above the

energy consumption. According to statistics, intelligent

floor

lighting generally can save energy by over 30% [9].

3.2 Extending the life of light sources

horizontal

Intelligent lighting offers functions such as adjusting

supply

voltage,

offsetting

the

changes

in

kitchen

supply

general

plane

activities

0.75m
above the

frequency, suppressing electromagnetic interference, and

soft

start-up

[8].

It

can

prevent

overvoltage

floor

and

worktop

undervoltage from causing damage to light sources and

bathroom

makes

use

technology

of

environment.

advanced

Intelligent

electronic

to automatically

control

and
the

information

4.1 Constant illuminance control

and

Constant illuminance control refers to maintain the

brightness of lamps so as to increase the uniformity of

illumination

and

reduce

the

stroboscopic

100

floor

lighting

on-off

plane
0.75m
above the

A good lighting environment is indispensable to a good

living

150

horizontal

3.3 Improving lighting environment

or

worktop
a

effectively extend the life of light sources.

working

100

illuminance within a stable range through luminance

effect,

regulation, usually combined with intelligent sunshade

729

Proceedings ojCCIS2014
[12].

Figure

2,

and

the

analysis

results

of

illumination

calculation are shown in Table III.

When an infrared sensor detects that someone has

entered the room, it will automatically tum on the

Table III Analysis results of illumination calculation for two

luminaire, meanwhile detect the illumination of room

down lamps

with illumination sensor and adjust the luminance of the

luminaire, controlling the illumination of the room near

Average

the default. At the same time, automatically control the

illuminat

rotation angle of the shading blind to avoid direct glare

ion (Ix)

and high indoor temperature.

Minimum

Minimum

Minimu

Maximu

illuminati

illuminati

onl

onl

illuminat

illuminati

average

maximum

ion (Ix)

on (Ix)

illuminati

illuminati

on

Due to the lighting characteristics of lamps, illumination

differs in different locations in a room.

102.78

49.32

82.08

on

0.60

0.48

When four down lamps with 13W compact fluorescent

Take a room for example which is 5 meters long, 3.6

lamp are used, the illumination distribution on the

meters wide and 3.3 meters high.

horizontal plane O.75m above the floor is simulated as

Figure

When one down lamp with 55W compact fluorescent

3,

lamp are used, the illumination distribution on the

1,

and

the

analysis

results

of

Illumination calculation is based in equation 1 [1]. In

E

means

V(A)

illuminance,

luminous efficiency,

means

analysis

results

illumination

calculation are shown in Table II.

which

the

of

illumination

60
70--'70
/
70
7O/o../so80--... 0 50
SO, \
80
O
) 70
90 g 90 \
\
80
gO
70 810
I
g;
.......
80 70
/
9090.-1
80
/
80
:::-.80
..
70 ,\0
80.----- 070r'" 60
"-..... 70
50
70---

horizontal plane O.75m above the floor is simulated as

Figure

and

calculation are shown in Table IV.

spectral

__

<PV.A means radiant flus and S

means square.

Figure 3 Simulation of illumination distribution for four down

E

Km

where

60

Km

8 --......
/80--_100
'...

683 lmjW

Table IV Analysis results of illumination calculation for four

(I )

down lamps

)
1

100
80 60
100 \
80/
1 I
50 r 100\ 120120 100
80 60
80 100
0
(I
100
1 I
J 80
50 80 100 120120
\\
100 ) GO
100_100/ 80
80
60
80

)I
\

lamps

V(A) <pvAdAjS

Average
illuminat
ion (Ix)

Minimum

Minimum

Minimu

Maximu

illuminati

illuminati

onl

onl

illuminat

illuminati

average

maximum

ion (Ix)

on (Ix)

illuminati

illuminati

on

40

47. 11

7 1.95

93.61

on

0.65

0.50

It could be seen that the average illuminations for the

Figure 1 Simulation of illumination distribution for one down

three lighting schemes are in the range of 75Ix10%,

lamp

meeting

the illumination standard.

In

addition,

the

lighting when four down lamps are used is more uniform

than that when one or two down lamps are used. In
general, the more the lamps there are, the more uniform
the lighting is, while the higher the economic costs are.
However, an illumination sensor can only detect the
illumination near its installation location. Therefore,
when constant illumination control is implemented, the
Figure 2 Simulation of illumination distribution for two down

installation location of an illumination sensor needs to

lamps

be carefully selected.

Table II Analysis results of illumination calculation for one

The illumination requirements for different activities in a

down lamp

Average
illuminat
ion (Ix)

72.67

room

also

differ.

Take

bedroom

for

example,

the

illuminance should be about 150lx for reading, and

Minimum

Minimum

Minimu

Maximu

illuminati

illuminati

onl

onl

illuminat

illuminati

average

maxImum

ion (Ix)

on (Ix)

advisable to add local lighting and illumination sensors

illuminati

illuminati

on

on

in locations suitable for reading such as the desk, the

33.83

120.29

0.47

about 75lx for general behavior

[l O]. To meet the

illumination requirements of different behaviors,

it is

dresser, and the bedside.

0.28

When two down lamps with 18W compact fluorescent

When no activity is detected by the infrared detector, the

lamp are used, the illumination distribution on the

luminaire of the corresponding region will automatically

horizontal plane O.75m above the floor is simulated as

tum off to save energy.

730

Proceedings ojCCIS2014
lighting

4.2 Timing control

system

should

technologically

Timing control refers to automatically tum on and off

healthy

luminaire by timer [13].

and

be

one

reasonable,

comfortable

that

prepares

economical,

intelligent

practical,

lighting

control

scheme by taking all control strategies into overall

Timing control can be applied in bedroom, etc. Turn on

consideration

luminaire automatically at a certain time in the morning

applications.

to help people wake up as soon as possible, meanwhile,

tum off luminaire automatically at a certain time in the

III

and

combination

with

actual

and

health,

Conclusions

evening to urge people to go to sleep as soon as possible.

Featuring

Lighting in places like balcony, green plants can also be

intelligent lighting has been more and more popular and

When

the

illumination

threshold in a preset time range,

is

below

modem

certain

study

[ 1]

according to different scenarios to provide the desired

the

still

lacking.

for

quality

As
of

people
life,

improve

housing

their

intelligent

[2]

Xingjun Hu. The Development of Intelligent Lighting

[3]

Renjie Liang. Intelligent Lighting Control Technology

Due to the particularity of housing, people need to do

Development

Status

and

Future

Prospects.

China

Illuminating Engineering Journal,20 14, 25(2): 15-26.

many different types of activities in a relatively small

[4]

space. The lighting requirements for different behaviors

Peiying He, Jianhua Yu, Xiangdong Gong. Design of a

Remote Monitoring System of Lighting Network in

are not consistent. Take living room for example, people

Buildings. ChinaIlluminating Engineering Journal, 2014,

may watch TV, read, chat, drink tea in it. Scene control

25(2): 107-113.

can be applied to start different scene illumination

comfortable,

GB/T 50314-2006. Standard for Design of Intelligent

System. Lamps and Lighting,2004,3: 44-46.

lighting environment [14-15].

[5]

energy-efficient

Qian Chen. Application of Intelligent Lighting Control

System in Industrial Architecture. Electrical Technology

lighting environment.

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[6]

4.4 Linkage control

China

Intelligent

Building

Industry

Development

Prospects and Investment Strategy Report, 2013-2017.

Shenzhen Zero PowerIntelligence Co.,Ltd.

Linkage control refers to automatically tum luminaires

on and off in relevant region by analyzing and predicting

[7]

Zhankun Van. Research on Control System of Intelligent

[8]

Ran Wang. Choice on Control System Technology of

Lighting. Zhejiang: Zhejiang University,20 13.

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For example, when people open the wardrobe, the

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2014, 1-2: 79-81.

luminaire in it will automatically tum on for picking

[9]

clothes, when closing it, the luminaire will automatically

Bo Wang. Analysis and Research on Control System of

Intelligent Lighting. Power Supply Technologies and

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Applications, 2013, 5: 29.

light will automatically tum on and maintain within a

[ 10]

preset illumination range; meanwhile the luminaire will

GB

50034-2013.

Standard

for

lighting

design

of

buildings.

tum off automatically after people leave. When people

[I I ]

get up at night, nightlight in bedroom will automatically

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[ 12]

tum on. When entering the living room, bathroom and

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and automatically turn off after

[ 13]

people leave.
control

in

Building.

Scene control refers to turn on different luminaires

Linkage

is

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light but also creates a healthy living environment.

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widely used.

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is

requirement

and environmental-friendly as well.

to

architecture.

gotten people's attention. Specialized and systematic

otherwise it is

turned off. So it's beautiful and practical, energy-saving

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comfort

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in the area is automatically tumed on,

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