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SOLUTIONS MANUAL
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
Faye C. McQuiston
16
Jerald D. Parker
Jeffrey D. Spitler
R
FM
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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PREFACE
This manual consists of solutions for the text problems, Chapters 1
through 15. Many of the problems with a design orientation have more
16
R
FM
are designed for solution using the software distributed with the website.
manual for assumptions used in problems 6-10, 7-9, 7-14, 8-25, and 8-26.
The authors would appreciate notification of any errors discovered.
Faye C. McQuiston
Jerald D. Parker
Jeffrey D. Spitler
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
M
R
FM
16
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
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CONTENTS
Introduction
1-6
Chapter 2
Air-Conditioning Systems
8-65
Chapter 1
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Processes
Comfort and Health Indoor Environmental 66-78
16
Quality
Chapter 5
79-92
106-129
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
189-210
Chapter 11
211-219
Chapter 12
220-259
Chapter 13
260-265
Chapter 14
266-298
Chapter 15
Refrigeration
299-310
Addendum
130-183
R
FM
Chapter 8
311-312
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Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
PREFACE
16
through 15. Many of the problems with a design orientation have more
than one acceptable solution. Therefore, when an acceptable solution
may be quite variable or closely follows an example, the solution may be
omitted or only general guidelines given.
R
FM
are designed for solution using the software distributed with the website.
M16FMR
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manual for assumptions used in problems 6-10, 7-9, 7-14, 8-25, and 8-26.
The authors would appreciate notification of any errors discovered.
Faye C. McQuiston
Jerald D. Parker
Jeffrey D. Spitler
R
FM
16
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes
only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work
beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner
is unlawful.
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311
ADDENDUM
to
Solutions Manual for McQuiston, HVAC 6e
Problem 6-10
For the floor, it is unclear what 2 in. vertical edge insulation means (whether 2 in. is the
thickness of insulation or the depth of the edge insulated).
The solution assumes that the insulation has R-value of 5.4 hr-ft-F/Btu and the
depth of the edge is 2 ft.
For the door, Table 5-8 in the 6th edition does not have U-value for the wood storm door
and there are three types of the wood door with 1 in. thickness.
The solution assumes that the doors are panel doors with metal storm door; hence,
its U-value is 0.28 But/hr-ft-F.
16
Problem 7-9
The standard time zone for Ottawa, Ontario is Eastern Standard Time instead of Central
Standard Time.
The solution uses Eastern Standard Time.
Problem 7-14
R
FM
For the specified location, the sunset occurs before 9:00 p.m. CDST on June 21.
The solution uses 8:00 p.m. CDST instead of 9:00 p.m.
Table 8-20
Recommended radiative and convective fractions for solar heat gains should be revised
since the 6th edition uses the SHGC values in the calculation of the (combined) solar heat
gain for the RTS method.
Example 8-16
The example actually uses 90%/10% of radiative/convective split of the combined solar
heat gain. However, the text (page 270) says 100%/0% for the transmitted solar heat gain
and 63%/37% for the absorbed solar heat gain.
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312
Problems 8-25 and 8-26
The solutions for both problems use 90%/10% for the combined solar heat gain.
Example 9-1
The calculation for this example should be
M
F=
(24)(3725)(80,000)(0.66)
= 122,606 .
(0.55)(70 0)(1000)
R
FM
16
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108
of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 1
M
1-1
0.04 Ibm/(ft-hr)
Ns
x1.488 = 16.5
3600 sec/hr
m2
16
(c)
(d) 1050
Btu
J
1
2.20462 Ibm
MJ
x
x
=
2.44
Ibm 9.48x104 Btu
kg
kg
(e) 12,000
1-2
Ibf
in2
(b) 100
(c) 0.8
R
FM
(f) 14.7
Btu
1
x
= 3.52 kW
Ibm 3.412
lbf / in2
= 17.4 lbf/in2
6.89476kPa
W
x 0.5778 = 57.8 Btu/hr-ft-F
m K
W
2
m K
1
lbm
= 6.7 x 10-7
1.488
ft sec
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(f) 1000
1-3
1 Btu
1 kg
Btu
kJ
x
x
= 430
1.055 kJ 2.2046 lbm
lbm
kg
Hp = 50 (ft) x 0.3048 (
M
P =
m
) = 15.2 m
ft
15.2 m
9.807 N
x
( ) x 1000 (kg/m3) = 149 kPa
1000 Pa/kPa
1
kg
m
kg
4
9.807 N
(ft) x 0.3048 ( ) x
( ) x 1000 ( 3 )
ft
12
1
kg
m
16
1-4
P =
1-5
R
FM
( 96,000 )
1-6
7 AM to 6 PM
(11)
11 hrs/day, 5 days/wk
hrs
days
(22)
= 242 hrs / month
day
months
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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ratio =
1-7
( 624 ) kw
= 1.57
( 96,000 ) kw hr
242
hr
(
)
This is a trial and error solution since eq. 1-1 cannot be solved
explicitly for i.
Answer converges at just over 4.2% using eq. 1-1
0.012
1+
12
(12 )(12 )
16
$1000
(
) 1
P=
0.012
12
P = $134,000
R
FM
1-9
1-10
V = 3x10x20 = 600m3
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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1-11
p T
q = mc
c p = 4.183 kJ/(kg-K)
= 983.2 kg/m3
1-11 (contd)
16
3
q = (1) m ( 983.2 ) kg ( 4.183 ) kJ ( 5 )c = 20,564 kJ
s
kg K
s
m3
q = 20,564 kw
1-12
q wat = q air
11,200(1)(10) =
R
FM
5000x60x14.7x144x0.24(t 2 50)
(53.35x510)
q wat = - q air
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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5
t2 = 90 -
29,400
= 85.3 C
6279
1-14 q = hA(ts- t )
t s = t 212 F
sur
A= x 0.25x4 = 3.14 16 m2
16
1-15
q = hA(ts- t )
q
1250
=
; h = 4.42 W/(m2 C)
h=
A(t s -t ) 3.1416(100 10)
R
FM
x
=Q
p (t2-t1) ; m
1-16 q = mc
= P/RT = 14.7x144/53.35(76+460)
= 0.074 lbm/ft3
c p = 0.24 Btu/lbm-F
1cp (t3-t1) +
1-17 m
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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2cp2 (t3-t2) = 0
m
c p1 = c p2
t3 =
2t 2 )
m
2)
m
1t1 +
(m
1+
(m
= 1000x
1 = Q
m
2 1
14.7x144
= 73.5 lbm/min
53.35(460 + 50)
16
1-17 (contd)
= 600x
2 =Q
m
2 2
t3 =
14.7x144
= 46.7 lbm/min
53.35(460 + 50)
R
FM
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7
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108
of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 2
16
for each problem. It is not expected that the beginning student can handle
these questions easily. The objective is to make the student think about
the complete design problem and the various functions of the system.
These problems are also intended for use in class discussions to enlarge
the text material.
R
FM
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108
of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 3
3-1
16
(b)
P
1430
Pv
= 0.0104 kg/m3
= RvT or v = v ; v =
Rv T
462.5(297)
v
0.196(144)
= 0.00062 lbv/ft3
85.78(535)
or
or
3-2
0.6219 (1.43)
= 0.00893 kgv/kga
(99.57)
R
FM
(c) W =
0.6219(0.196)
= 0.00854 lbv/lba
14.5
Pv
0.6219 (0.507)
=
= 0.0222 lbv/lba
Pa (14.696 0.507)
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Ra T
53.35(460 + 80)
=
= 13.61 ft3/lbm
Pa
(14.696 0.507)144
v=
M
3-2 (contd)
W=
0.6219(0.089)
lbmv
= 0.00379
(14.696 0.089)
lbma
16
53.35(492)
= 12.48 ft3/lbma
(14.696 0.089)144
v=
3-2
R
FM
Pv
0.6219(3.6)
kgv
=
= 0.0229
Pa (101.325 3.6)
kga
Ra T
0.287(300)
=
=0.88 m3 /kga
Pa
(101.325 - 3.6)
0.6219(0.61)
=0.00377 kgv/kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
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0.287(273)
= 0.778 m3 /kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
v=
M
3-3
16
W = 0.6219
Pv
0.6219(0.507)
=
= 0.0269 lbv/lba
Pa
(12.24 - 0.507)
R
FM
RaT
53.35(540)
=
= 17.05 ft3 / lbma
Pa
(12.24 - 0.507) 144
0.6219(0.089)
= 0.00456 lbmv/lbma
(12.24 0.089)
53.35(492)
= 15.00 ft3/lbma
(12.24 0.089)144
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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W=
10
0.6219x3.60
= 0.0277 kgv/kga
(84.436 3.60)
M
3-3 (contd)
v=
0.287x300
(84.436 - 3.60)
= 1.065 m3 / kga
16
W=
0.6219 x 0.61
= 0.00453 kgv / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
3-4 (a)
R
FM
v=
0.287 x 273
= 0.935 m3 / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
0.6219 (0.272)
(14.696 - 0.272)
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W=
11
0.6219 (0.272)
= 0.0141 lbmv / lbma
(12.24 - 0.272)
SI Units
3-4 (contd)
16
W=
0.6219 x 1.755
= 0.0110 kgv / kga
(101.325 - 1.755)
R
FM
(b)
0.6219 x 1.755
= 0.0132 kgv / kga
(84.186 - 1.755)
Pv
or Pv = Ps ; Pv = 0.5(0.3918) = 0.196 psia
Ps
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12
3-5
3-5 (contd)
16
R
FM
(a) At 55F, 80% RH, va = 13.12 ft3 / lba and a = 0.0752 lbma / ft3
= 18,300 lbma / hr
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13
t dp = (t sat @ Pv ) = 64.5 F
3-7 SI Units
16
42% ;
Chart 1a & 1b
R
FM
3-8 t dp 9C (48F)
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14
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
50
.028
60
85
15
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2. 0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
5000
3000
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
45
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
.0
0 .8
80
50
0
BU
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
RA
TU
40
55
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDITY RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
.016
30
PE
TI
O
-B
T
TU
SA
25
%
90
60
.5
%
50
45
A IR
50
4 0%
40
30 %
1 3.
20 %
1 2.
3-9
48 (9)
15
72 (22)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
Y
I VE H UMIDIT
10% RE LAT
10
45
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
R
FM
35
.002
115
40
35
W=0.0071
13
45
15
Room
RY
.D
LB
ER
55
T. P
50
U.F
42 %
%
70
dp
-C
60
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
ME
80
55
LU
VO
20
1 4 .0
65
60
12 0
AL
P
.014
65
TH
70
TE
PO
16
ER
Problem 3-8
TU
IR
75
70
25
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
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15
3-9 (contd)
(e) Using the Density of Dry Air option:
Mass Density = 0.070 lba/ft3
M
3-10
16
= 58.7 lbm/hr
(b) m
2 = 1027 cfm
Q
3-11
R
FM
3-12
(a) W2* =
W1 =
0.6219 (0.3095)
= 0.0134 kgv / kga
(14.696 0.3095)
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16
0.231
= 0.46 or 46%
0.507
1 =
W2* =
0.6219 x (0.3095)
= 0.01613 lbv/lba
(12.24 - 0.3095)
16
W1 =
1 =
Dry
Bulb, F
Wet
Bulb, F
85
75
74.6
88.6
100
60
59.6
65.1
70
85.8
R
FM
3-13
0.244
= 0.48 or 48%
0.507
Dew
point
F
40.6
49.2
60.1
60.9
81.7
Humid.
Ratio, lba/lbv
0.0053
0.0074
0.0111
0.01143
0.0235
Mass
Enthalpy
Rel.
Density
Btu/lba Humid., %
lba/ft3
26.6
21
0.072
26.1
40
0.073
30
60
0.073
33.8
40
0.071
50
56
0.068
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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17
85
75
71.2
102.7
100
60
58.6
61.6
70
81.3
Dry
Bulb, F
Dew
point
F
45.1
49.2
56.7
55.8
76.1
Humid.
Ratio, lba/lbv
0.0076
0.0089
0.0118
0.01143
0.0235
Mass
Enthalpy
Rel.
Density
Btu/lba Humid., %
lba/ft3
28.7
25
0.060
27.7
40
0.061
30
60
0.061
37.3
22
0.058
50
47
0.057
R
FM
16
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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18
3-14
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
1 .0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
80
50
0
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
70
IR
75
.016
30
ER
PO
70
TE
PE
TI
O
.014
TU
SA
25
Max RH=49.6 %
13
.5
50
%
50
45
35
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
72 (22)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
3-15
52 (11)
15
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
10
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
25
2.4
(57.1 - 34) = 63.95 kJ / s = 63.95 k W
0.867
.012
R
FM
20 %
115
40
IR
YA
45
15
W=0.0083
Room
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
60
R
B. D
RL
PE
55
dp
T.
50
U.F
%
70
-C
60
ME
U
OL
80
55
.0 V
%
90
14
65
60
20
45
65
-B
T
AL
P
BU
40
16
TH
WE
T
'h
ENTHAL PY
HU MIDITY RAT IO
Problem 3-14
85
TU
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1
.0
.026
45
SEA LEVEL
60
12 0
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
19
3-15 (contd)
5000(60)
(32 - 22.6)= 203,317. Btu/hr
13.87
q =
(b)
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1 .0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
-1.
-8
-4 .0.0
0
85
WE
T
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
16
15
00
80
50
0
BU
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
IR
75
TU
ER
PO
70
TE
PE
TI
O
.014
TU
SA
25
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
IR
YA
1 3.
30%
20 %
52 (10) 55 (13)
15
80 (27)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
%
50
4 0%
40
35
DR
35
L B.
ER
50
45
T. P
55
1 3 .5
45
40
U.F
%
70
60
15
60
-C
50
ME
ADP
LU
VO
80
55
1 4 .0
20
65
%
90
R
FM
60
45
65
-B
T
AL
P
.016
30
TH
70
Problem 3-15
.026
45
SEA LEVEL
1.0
60
12 0
30
25
lbv
; 1 = 50%
lba
v1 = 0.86 m3 / kga
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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20
3-16 (contd)
W1 = 0.0103
kgv
kga
1 = 50%
M
3-17
q = 148,239 Btu/hr
16
q s = 102,235 Btu/hr
SHF = 0.69
3-18 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH for sensible heat
transfer only:
R
FM
q s = 178,911 Btu/hr
Enthalpy
Btu/lbm
32.2
36.3
Rel. Hum
percent
42
45
Hum. Ratio
lbv/lba
0.0107
0.0144
Density
lba/ft3
0.072
0.058
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
21
3-19 (contd)
(21,600 17,100)100
= 20.8%
21,600
PD =
3-20
16
(a) at 1000 ft, q = 200,534 Btu/hr
= 190,224 Btu/hr
(b) at 6000 ft, q
(c) PD =
(200,534 190,224)100
= 5.1 %
200,543
R
FM
PB = 29.92 in.Hg. ; q = 0
i
= iw = 180.2 + 0.8 (970.2)
W
iw = 956.4 Btu / lbv
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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22
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
0
200
0.2
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
M
0
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
70
IR
75
.018
60 %
TU
.016
70
.014
TU
ME
60
-C
80
55
U
OL
%
90
.0 V
20
14
65
60
U.F
55
60
.5
50
%
50
45
A IR
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
1 2.
15
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
.010
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
25
3-21 (a)
SI Units
PB = 101.325 kPa
i
= iw = 419.04 + (0.8 x 2257)
W
iW = 2224.6 kJ / kg
From chart 1b; t2 = 32 C
40
30
R
FM
35
10% RE LAT
.012
115
40
35
13
45
15
RY
.D
LB
ER
50
T. P
%
70
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
SA
25
45
65
-B
T
TI
O
PE
TE
PO
ER
30
AL
P
BU
40
16
TH
WE
T
80
50
0
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDITY RATIO
Problem 3-21
85
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
60
12 0
PB = 29.92 in.Hg.; q = 0
(a) Using chart 1a
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
23
3-22 (contd)
i
= iw = 1090 Btu / lbm
W
i-if
1090 - 196.1
=
ifg
960.1
x=
x = 0.931 or about 93 %
16
(b)
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
55
90
50
.028
60
85
15
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
.026
45
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
FM
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
.0
0 .8
80
50
0
40
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
1090
RA
TU
RE
.024
55
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
TU
70
TI
O
60
U.F
L B.
ER
DR
13
15
80
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
5
10
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
40
20
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
20 %
110
30%
1 3.
35
105
40
100
4 0%
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
IR
%
50
YA
.5
50
45
95
60
T. P
55
.010
-C
50
45
45
.012
12 0
ME
80
LU
VO
%
90
%
70
35
TU
SA
65
60
55
40
.014
65
1 4 .0
60
20
15
.016
TE
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
25
TH
30
PO
Problem 3-22
ER
IR
75
70
25
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
24
i
272.1
= iw =
kJ / kg
W
1000
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa
Copyright 1992
30
10 0
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
0 .8
0.7
28
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
-5. 0
4 .0
Qs
Qt
5.0
0. 4
0.0
4. 0
0 .1
2.5
70
25
20
10 0
25
16
O
F
TU
20
50
ER
20
90
EM
AM
R
IL
O
G
K
R
14
-K
TI
O
0 .9
AI
R
18
TU
SA
90
20
80 %
0 .8
LP
Y
11 0
22
R
FM
%
80
0 .8
15
6V
U
OL
70
UB
IC M
ET
0%
4
0. 8
10
-C
%
60
20
ME
10
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
30
ER
0 .8
R
gD
Rk
PE
40 %
3 0%
YA
IR
20
15
10
10
HU MID ITY
25
0 .7
IVE
10% RE LAT
20
22.6
35
0 .8
20 %
30
E-
'W
15
10
UR
2 .0
3 .0
40
TH
24
AT
'h
60
3-24
PE
R
0 .9
ENTHALPY
HU MIDITY RAT IO
Problem 3-23
EM
-0.2
0.2
WE
TB
UL
BT
80
1 .0
-0 .5
0. 3
-1
.0
30
-2.0
0.272
-4.0
-2
.0
30
38
12
80
10
70
60
40
12 0
26
90
10 .0
0.5
1 .5
2. 0
30
50
0. 6
40
1 .0
1.0
0 .9
SEA LEVEL
16
45
12
i
= iw = 1131 Btu / lbw
W
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
50
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
25
3-24 (contd)
a (i2 - i1)
q c = m
a = 2000 x 60 / 13.14
m
a = 9132 lba / hr
m
16
w = m
a (W3 - W2 ) ; W3 = 0.0167; W2 = 0.0032 lbv/lba
m
R
FM
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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26
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-200 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
- 0.4
-0.3
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
1131
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
70
IR
75
.016
PE
TE
PO
ER
TU
30
70
TI
O
.014
TU
%
90
50
%
50
45
35
4 0%
40
1 3.
30%
35
20 %
15
60 (16)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
5
35
.010
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
25
110 (43)
40
R
FM
1 2.
10
Y
VE H UM IDIT
.012
115
40
IR
YA
1 3 .5
45
15
DR
L B.
ER
60
T. P
55
U.F
%
70
50
30 %
-C
60
ME
80
55
LU
VO
20
1 4 .0
65
60
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
SA
25
45
65
-B
T
AL
P
BU
80
50
0
16
TH
WE
T
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
Problem 3-24
85
-0 .5
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
-8
60
12 0
32 2000 Q
2
=
= 1=
12 3000 Q3 3
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
27
I3 = 22.2 Btu/lba
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-200 0
-1 00 0
2.0
50 00
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
- 0.4
-0.3
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
80
50
0
77
1 000
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
'W
80
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
70
IR
75
30
.016
TU
ER
PO
TE
70
PE
TI
O
.014
TU
SA
25
%
90
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
IR
YA
4 0%
40
40 (4)
SI Units
15
58.4 (15)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
Y
VE H UM IDIT
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
10
.012
.010
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
25
100 (38)
i3 = 34 kJ / kga
40
R
FM
20 %
1 2.
35
30%
1 3.
35
115
35
DR
L B.
ER
%
50
T. P
50
45
35
3-25
1 3 .5
45
U.F
60
-C
55
40
60
%
70
50
15
ME
80
55
LU
VO
52
1 4 .0
65
60
20
45
65
-B
T
AL
P
BU
40
16
TH
WE
T
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
Problem 3-25
85
-0 .5
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
-8
60
12 0
English Units
30
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
28
3-26 (contd)
16
W3 = 0.0067 lbu/lba
For W, % Error =
For I, % Error =
(22.2 21.5)100
= 3.3
21.5
R
FM
3-27 SHF =
(0.007 0.0067)100
= 4.5
0.0067
250,000
= 0.8
200,000
or SHF =
59
= .81
73
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
29
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2. 0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
80
50
0
1 000
35
- F
.022
.020
.018
IR
A
70
R
D
E
R
.016
TU
F
O
D
N
ER
28.2
PO
TE
70
RE
75
.014
TU
SA
25
-C
60
ME
LU
VO
80
1 4 .0
50 %
65
%
90
55
U .F
55
60
50
IR
YA
1 3 .5
DR
L B.
ER
50
T. P
%
70
45
%
50
45
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
53 (12)
15
75 (24)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10% RE LAT
70
1 2.
3-28
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
R
FM
20 %
10
45
65
-B
T
TI
O
PE
55
RA
TU
14 .5
AL
P
MP
E
50
16
TH
TE
75
30
20
35
.024
LB
80
'W
21.5
40
BU
40
60
15
WE
T
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDITY RATIO
Problem 3-27
85
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
-0 .5 4
- 0.
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
0
.026
45
.002
12 0
0.8
1 .0
115
SEA LEVEL
1.0
50
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
60
25
=m
a v 2 = 37,313 x 13.09 / 60 = 8,140 ft 3 / min
Q
= 3.85 m3 / s
(b) similar procedure; Q
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
30
3-29 (a) Use the AirQuantity option of program PSYCH, iterating on the
relative humidity and setting the minimum outdoor Air Quantity to
0.01, NOT ZERO.
= 0.852
(iterated)
16
ts = 56F
= 9,360 cfm
Q
s
= 0.882
R
FM
ts = 56F
= 10,014 cfm
Q
s
3-30
= 0.92
ts = 56.1 56 F
= 11,303 cfm
Q
s
3-31
(a) SHF =
500,000
= 0.91
550,000
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
31
3-31 (contd)
(b)
a (i2 -i1)
q = m
a = q/(i
2 -i1)
or m
M
a =
m
550,000
(34.3 22.8)
a =47,826lba hr
m
16
a v 2 47,826
=m
Q
=
x 14.62=11,654 cfm or 5.5 m3/s
2
60
60
R
FM
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
32
90
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0.91
1.0
0.8
-2000
2. 0
0. 6
SENSIBLE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
5000
300 0
0 .5
-1.
0
200
0. 3
0 .1
-0 .5 4
- 0.
-0.3
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
RA
TU
40
55
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
34.3
'W
.020
75
35
50
.018
70
.016
30
PO
ER
IR
75
70
TE
PE
TI
O
.014
TU
SA
25
U.F
50
40
50 %
45
35
IR
YA
1 3 .5
45
15
4 0%
40
30 %
1 3.
35
FM
20 %
1 2.
10
=m
a (i2 -i1)
3-32 q
i2 =
q
+i
a 1
m
1400 x 60
= 5,915.5
14.2
i2 =
-5 x 12,000
+38.5
5,915.5
15
20
105
100
95
90
85
80
70
75
72 (22)
25
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
30
115 (46)
a
m
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
Y
IVE H UMIDIT
10% RE LAT
115
60
DR
L B.
ER
55
T. P
%
70
50
30 %
-C
60
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
ME
80
55
LU
VO
20
%
90
1 4 .0
65
60
110
22.8
45
65
-B
T
AL
P
BU
TU
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
80
50
0
16
TH
WE
T
14 .5
M
0.2
85
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDITY RATIO
Problem 3-31
-8
-4 .0.0
0
.026
45
-2.
0.4
-1 00 0
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
SEA LEVEL
1.0
50
12 0
60
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
i 2 = 2 8 .3 6 Btu/lba
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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33
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2. 0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
0
200
0 .1
80
50
0
'W
75
35
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
.020
75
50
.018
70
IR
75
30
.016
TU
28.4
ER
70
.014
TU
.0 V
U
OL
%
90
14
65
60
ME
60
-C
80
ADP55
U .F
55
60
%
50
45
4 0%
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
15
67
20
90
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
55
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
75
1 2.
10% RE LAT
10
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
R
FM
40
IR
YA
.5
50
40
35
13
45
15
R
.D
LB
ER
50
T. P
%
70
.002
115
20
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
SA
25
45
65
-B
T
TI
O
TE
PO
TE
14 .5
PE
.024
LB
80
1 000
AL
P
BU
40
16
TH
WE
T
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
85
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
Problem 3-32
-8
-4 .0.0
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
45
-2.
0. 4
.026
50
12 0
60
25
3-33 Use Adiabatic Mixing option of PSYCH with the Properties option to
Tmix,wb = 71.3 F
Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
leaving air quantity for the coil.
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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30
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34
3-34 (contd)
16
3-35 Use Program PSYCH at 5,000 ft elevation
Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
leaving air quantity for the coil.
R
FM
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 62.1 F wb at a rate of 11,697 cfm
(d) The coil capacity is 334,143 Btu/hr.
3-36
= 1000 cfm
Q
0
t s =120 / 74 F
s=
m
q
200,000
=
(is -ir ) (37.2 22.8)
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
35
1
= 13,889 lb/hr = m
=m
sv s = m
s (14.78)/60 = 3,421 ft 3 / min
Q
s
t 3 - t1 = (119 61)
16
w= m
s (Ws -W2 ) = 13,889 (0.0075 - 0.0036) = 54.2 lbm/hr
(c) m
R
FM
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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36
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0.8
1 .0
50
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
85
0
200
0.2
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
50
0
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
80
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
70
IR
75
TU
.016
70
TU
U.F
55
60
DR
IR
YA
.5
50
40
%
50
45
35
13
45
15
B.
RL
PE
50
T.
47
30 %
-C
60
%
70
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
15
61
72
110
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
.010
.008
40
.006
35
.004
3
.002
30
R
FM
3-37
105
40
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
100
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.012
115
ME
80
55
U
OL
%
90
.0 V
20
14
65
60
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
SA
25
45
.014
65
-B
T
TI
O
PE
TE
PO
ER
30
AL
P
.024
LB
40
16
TH
BU
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
Problem 3-36
WE
T
80
1 000
1150
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1
.0
.026
45
60
12 0
20
25
120
r 13,605 3947
m
=
= 0.71; t1 = 62.8 / 47 F
1
m
13,605
w =m
s (w s -W1) = 13,605 (0.0088 - 0.0046) = 57.14 lbw/hr
(c) m
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
(d)
3-38
37
M
s =
m
9384
x 60 = 42,915 lbm/hr; Prob 3-34
13.12
W
fan + qduct = ms (is ic )
16
11,180
= 20.54 Btu/lbm
42,915
R
FM
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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38
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
1 .0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
80
50
0
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
.020
'h
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
70
IR
75
.016
50 %
70
PE
TE
PO
ER
30
TI
O
65
.014
-B
T
TU
25
%
90
60
-C
80
55
ME
20
U
OL
.0 V
U.F
20.54
14
65
60
55
60
IR
%
50
45
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
3-39
55
15
72
20
100
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
45
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
R
FM
1 2.
10% RE LAT
115
35
YA
.5
s 50
40
13
45
15
DR
B.
RL
PE
50
T.
%
70
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
SA
AL
P
BU
40
16
TH
WE
T
ENTHAL PY
HU MIDITY RAT IO
Problem 3-38
85
TU
0 .1
0.2
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
-8
-4 .0.0
0
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1
.0
.026
45
SEA LEVEL
60
12 0
25
s (i r i s ); W
s (i s i c )
q r = m
fan = m
q r = 1,320,000 Btu/hr
W
fan = 30 x 2545 = 76350 Btu/hr
W
fan = 30 x 2545 = 76,350 = ma (is -ic )
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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30
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m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
39
a(ir -is )
q s = 1,320,000 = m
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.4
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
60
85
50
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
80
1 .0
60
0 .8
0 .6
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
AT
U
RE
55
-
F
.022
.020
'h
35
70
50
AI
R
.018
70
UR
RY
AT
ER
65
.016
SA
LP
Y
TU
-B
RA
TU
TI
O
PE
R
TE
PO
ND
30
59 (15)
65
50 %
17 .0
.024
ER
10 00
TH
TE
MP
40
16
EN
LB
75
50
0
'W
25
.014
60
%
90
55
16
%
80
.5 V
ME
-C
%
60
U .F
50
45
U
OL
55
50
70
T. P
45
R
.D
LB
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
30 %
20%
10
15
62.5 (17)
80 (27)
20
90 (32)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
I TY
TIV E HUMID
10% RELA
40
.008
.006
35
.004
25
W
fa n + q s = m a (ir -i c )
a=
m
.010
.002
115
IR
YA
4 0%
1 5 .5
35
50
.012
R
FM
40
ER
40
35
16 .0
15
45
60
20
BU
75
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
Problem 3-39
ET
17 .5
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
15
00
80
W
.0
-0 .5
-0 .4
- 0.3
-0 .2
0. 3
-1
.026
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4.0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
45
-2 000
2. 0
SENSIBL E HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
0.8
1.0
.028
1 8 .0
5000 FEET
12 0
1 ,3 2 0 ,0 0 + 7 6 ,3 5 0
(3 3 .7 -2 8 )
a = 2 4 4 ,9 7 4 lb a /h r
m
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
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m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
40
a)
is = ir - ( q s m
is = 33.7 -
1,320,000
=28.3 Btu/lba
244,974
16
= 31.2 m 3 s
(b) Q
s
3-40
imin =i0 =31.1 Btu/lba and sat. air ; t min =64.5 F; PSYCH
R
FM
imin =i0 = 42.5 Btu/lba and sat. air ; tmin = 76.8 F; PSYCH
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
41
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.642 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
1 .0
.028
60
85
15 .0
0 .8
SENSIBL E HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0
200
0.2
85
0
-0 .5
80
50
0
55
UR
EF
.022
.020
75
'W
35
50
.018
70
SL
.016
30
70
O
N
ER
TE
M
PE
PO
-
F
AI
R
75
14 .5
.014
AT
25
65
60
%
90
UM
OL
0V
60
50
50
1 3.
35
IR
YA
45
4 0%
40
30%
1 3 .0
20 %
15
76.8
20
95
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
HUMIDITY
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
R
FM
IVE
10% RE LAT
70
35
115
40
DR
LB .
ER
.P
45
15
.FT
%
60
CU
55
E-
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
70
50
1 4.
80
55
20
45
65
AT
I
TU
-B
LP
AT
80
10 00
PE
R
TLO
16
TH
.024
BT
EM
40
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
WE
TB
UL
AT
U
0 .1
-8
-4.0.0
-2.
0
.0
-0 .4
- 0.3
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0. 3
-1
Problem 3-40
Shreveport, LA
45
0. 4
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
.026
-2 000
2.0
0 .6
259 FEET
50
12 0
60
25
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
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42
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 27.259 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
85
50
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
2556 FEET
1 .0
.028
85
0 .8
SENSIBL E HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
0. 4
80
40
ER
A
TU
RE
- F
1 6 .0
.020
50
.018
IR
A
Y
O
F
.016
70
65
TU
TI
O
PE
EM
O
U
ER
30
TLO
SA
TU
-B
.014
25
65
EN
60
60
55
%
80
1 5.
50
%
60
CU
15
E-
45
UM
OL
0V
%
7 055
50
1 4.
.
LB
ER
.P
.FT
%
50
45
4 0%
40
TA
DR
1 4 .0
IR
YA
30 %
35
20%
15
64.6
20
102
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
45
.012
.010
40
.00 8
.00 6
35
.00 4
R
FM
ITY
TIV E HU MID
10% RELA
10
0
200
LP
Y
EM
P
1 5 .5
BT
75
16
TH
UL
.022
70
20
35
TB
10 00
35
'W
90
40
WE
'h
TU
0 .1
55
50
0
75
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
Problem 3-40
Tucson, Arizona
.024
50 00
300 0
0.2
80
.0
-0 .5
-0 .4
- 0.3
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0. 3
-1
45
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4.0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
.026
-2 000
2. 0
0 .6
.00 2
115
0 .5
3-41
60
12 0
1.0
5
16 .
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
60
25
s (ir i s )
q = m
o r1
m
13
= =
= 0.55 or 55%
s r0 23.5
m
0.046 m3 / s - kW
(b) Q
s
0 /m
s 55%
m
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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43
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 24.896 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
60
85
50
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
5000 FEET
1.0
.028
80
1 .0
0 .8
SENSIBL E HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
0
200
0 .1
55
- F
.022
.020
35
'W
70
50
70
TU
DR
RE
AI
R
.018
PE
RA
30
65
.016
TE
PO
UN
RE
75
AT
IO
PE
R
UR
65
SA
T
TU
AT
U
.014
40 %
60
%
90
55
T. P
10 %
L B.
50
ER
45
DR
40
16 .0
40
%
60
U.F
-C
50
45
ME
70
LU
VO
55
50
IR
YA
4 0%
30 %
1 5 .5
35
1 6 .5
%
80
20
20%
50 (10)
2 (i2 i3 ); m
2 =
3-42 q = m
15
75 (24)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
HUMIDI TY
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
R
FM
IVE
10% REL AT
10
45
60
25
115
300 0
-B
.024
ER
17 .0
AL
PY
TE
MP
10 00
TH
LB
40
16
EN
BU
17 .5
15
00
-0.1
M
0.2
75
50
0
'h
ENT HALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
35
ET
.0
.5
-0
-0 .4
- 0.3
-0 .2
0. 3
-1
Problem 3-41
80
W
-8
0. 4
.026
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0
-4.0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
0 .5
45
-2 000
2.0
0 .6
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
50 00
0.7
15
60
1 8 .0
12 0
25
100 (38)
500,000
(41.1 21.9)
2 = 26,042 lba/hr
m
0 /m
3 = 0.25; t mix = 67.5 / 49.5 F
m
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44
3-42 (contd)
Preheat Coil:
Heat Coil:
Humidifier:
16
w= m
2 (W2 -W5 ) = 26,042 (0.0144 - 0.0035)
m
= 283.9 lbw/hr
R
FM
w = 0.036 kg/s
m
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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45
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 000
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
WE
T
BU
80
50
0
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
M
1153
85
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
-1 00 0
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDITY RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
E
R
TU
ER
PO
70
TE
N
TI
O
.014
A
R
TU
SA
25
16
1 4 .0
65
-C
60
U.F
55
60
50 %
45
35
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
IR
YA
50
40
1 3 .5
45
15
30 %
DR
L B.
ER
50
T. P
%
70
20 %
60 (16)
70 (21)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
15
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
30
25
105 (40)
R
FM
3-43
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
70
1 2.
10%
H UM IDITY
REL ATI VE
115
ME
80
55
LU
VO
%
90
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
60
20
45
65
12 0
PE
-B
T
AL
P
TH
.016
Problem 3-42
70
IR
75
30
a (ir is )
Use Chart 1a; q d = m
a = q d /(ir i s )
or m
= 1,242 cfm
Q
d
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
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46
= 2.93 m3 /s; Q
= .59 m3 /s; t = 17/14 C
(b) Q
d
m
m
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
.028
60
85
0 .8
0. 6
50 00
300 0
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2. 0
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
0 .5
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
85
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
IR
.018
75
70
70
.014
TU
T. P
L B.
ER
DR
IR
YA
30%
62 (17)
20 %
3-44
60 (16)
15
75 (24)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
4 0%
1 3.
35
U.F
40
%
50
.012
R
FM
35
-C
50
45
1 3 .5
45
ME
55
60
40
U
OL
50
60
%
70
15
m 80 %
55
.0 V
20
%
90
14
65
60
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
SA
25
45
65
-B
T
TI
O
PE
TE
PO
ER
.016
TU
30
AL
P
BU
80
50
0
16
TH
WE
T
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
Problem 3-43
.026
45
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
0. 4
0
200
0.6
1 5 .0
0.8
1 .0
50
12 0
60
25
15.0 x 12,000
a =
(a) m
= 29,508 lba/hr
(31.2 - 25.1)
= 1,574 cfm
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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47
tm = 62.5 / 58 F
=3.7 m3 / s; Q
= 0.74 m3 /s; t = 17 /14.4 C
(b) Q
s
m
m
3-45
r
m
10
= 0.8 =
1
m
0r
s
is = ir - q m / m
Q
50 x 12,000
d
=
ir i s
(29.35 - 22.3)
16
s =
m
s = 85,106 lba/hr; m
s is constant for all conditions
m
R
FM
si s + m
b i1' = (m
c +m
b ) i s'
(b) m
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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48
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0.9
1 .0
50
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0
200
80
50
0
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
0'
.018
IR
75
70
E
R
ER
70
-B
T
TI
O
PE
TE
PO
.016
50 %
30
65
.014
1'
TU
16
25
LU
VO
%
90
1 4 .0
65
60
60
-C
80
55
ME
s'
U.F
60
IR
YA
%
50
45
35
DR
50
40
1 3 .5
45
15
55
L B.
ER
50
T. P
%
70
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
1 2.
3-46
15
55 (13) 64 (18)
77 (25) 85 (29)
20
95 (35)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
10
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
45
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
R
FM
35
10% RE LAT
115
20
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
SA
AL
P
BU
40
TU
0 .1
0.2
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
M
TH
WE
T
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
Problem 3-45
85
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
-8
0. 4
4 .0
8 .0
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
60
12 0
25
(b) Cool the air to state 1' and then heat to state 2.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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49
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
1 .0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
70
IR
75
67
ER
PO
TE
70
PE
.016
90 %
30
.014
TI
O
TU
ME
U
OL
.0 V
60
-C
80
55
14
%
90
U .F
54
1'
55
45
50
%
50
45
35
A IR
40
.5
15
60
13
RY
B. D
RL
PE
50
T.
%
70
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
3-48
52 (11) 60 (16)
15
20
80 (27)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
25
c sh
m
= =.837
(a)
s ch
m
h cs
m
=
= 0.163
s ch
m
c 0.837
m
=
= 5.14
h 0.163
m
s (ir is )
q = m
s =
m
.012
R
FM
1 2.
10% RE LAT
115
20
65
60
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
SA
25
45
65
-B
T
AL
P
BU
40
16
TH
WE
T
80
50
0
TU
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
M
0.2
85
'h
ENTHAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
Problem 3-47
.026
45
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
SEA LEVEL
60
12 0
50 x 12,000
= 93,750 lba/hr
(28.2-21.8)
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
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50
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
0. 6
0 .5
50 00
300 0
0.65
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-0 .1
-0 .2
0
200
0.2
85
WE
T
BU
80
50
0
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
16
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
0
.5
-0
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
0. 4
0. 1
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
TU
ER
PO
70
90 %
TI
O
65
TU
SA
25
.014
TE
PE
-B
T
.0 V
%
90
4 0%
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
3-49
52 (11)
15
75 (24)
20
90 (32)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
.012
.010
.008
.006
35
.004
25
c
h 10.1
m
m
36
=
= 0.9;
=
= 0.10 ;
s 46.3
s 46.3
m
m
s =
m
40
.002
115
%
50
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
20 %
IR
YA
40
R
.D
LB
ER
35
50
T. P
45
.5
40
60
13
45
15
U.F
55
45
R
FM
%
70
50
-C
60
ME
80
55
U
OL
20
14
65
60
12 0
AL
P
.016
TH
70
Problem 3-48
IR
75
30
c
m
0.9
=
= 9.0
h 0.10
m
50 x 12,000
= 83,333 lba/hr
(30.1 - 22.9)
30
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
51
=10.3 m3 /s
(b) Q
s
3-50
c
m
c (ir -ic ); m
c = 0.714 x m
s = 0.837 x 93,750
= 0.837; q c = m
s
m
16
=8.1 m3 /s; q = 175 kW
(b) Q
c
c
3-51 SI Units
R
FM
= 13 Q
= 0.69 x 1.18 = 0.815 m3/s
Q
2
3
12
=Q
-Q
= 1.18 0.815 = 0.365 m3/s
and Q
1
3
2
(b)
a3 (i4 -i3 ) =
q 34 = m
q 34 =
Q
3 (i -i )
4 3
v3
1.18
(47.8-41.0) = 9.6 kW
0.835
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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52
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
10 0
0 .8
0. 7
0. 6
Problem 3-51
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
1 .5
2. 0
-5.0
4 .0
Qs
Qt
80
1 .0
MP
ER
24
AT
UR
E-
11 0
22
0 .9
0 .1
WE
TB
UL
BT
E
-0.2
2 .0
3 .0
70
2.5
25
20
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
10 0
25
60
AI
R
Y
R
TU
A
20
P
EM
TI
O
P
J
-K
TU
LP
Y
20
SA
0 .8
90
14
16
40
TH
16
50 %
O
F
AM
R
IL
O
G
50
5.0
4. 0
Problem 3-51
18
0 .9
0.2
30
0.0
-0 .5
0. 3
-1
.0
-4.0
.0
U
OL
12
20
17.2
24
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
29
30
70
60
45
40
80
10
40
25
20
15
10
HUM ID ITY
12
R
FM
IR
YA
10
English Units
DR
0 .7
IVE
10% RE LAT
g
Rk
PE
0 .8
20 %
ER
0 .8
3 0%
ET
40 %
IC M
UB
50
4
0.8
10
-C
%
60
20
ME
10
15
6V
11
70
0 .8
%
80 3
30
35
90
30
14.7
15
10
12 0
26
90
-2.0
-2
0. 4
ER
10 .0
0.5
1 .0
28
30
0 .9
1.0
0
30
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
12
50
From Chart 1b, states 1.4 and ADP are known. Based on approx.
11.8 C db, 11.2 C wb, and 90% RH locate state 2.
Then for full load design condition air is cooled from 1 to 2 and the
room process proceeds from 2 to 4.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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50
M16FMR
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53
For the high latent load condition, the air at 2 is reheated to state 3
where it enters the space and the process proceeds to state 4.
Q
a (i4 -i2 ) = 2 (i4 -i2 )
(c) q 24 = m
v2
a (i1-i2 ) =
q 12 = m
= 1.82 m3/s
Q
2
1.82
(60.6-32)
0.817
16
q 12 = 63.7 kW
a (i4 -i3 )=
q 34 = m
1.82
(47.7-39.4)
0.817
q 34 = 18.5 kW
q 23 = q 24 - q 34 = 35-18.5=16.5 kW
R
FM
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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54
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
SEA LEVEL
10 0
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
-2
0.0
AI
R
E
R
TU
A
21
16
90
14
-K
TU
20
SA
90
%
80
UB
IC M
ET
-C
%
50
4
0 .8
10
ME
%
60
U
OL
6V
15
70
0 .8
14
17
ER
0 .8
R
gD
Rk
PE
40 %
3 0%
IR
YA
0 .8
20
15
10
12
80
10
70
60
R
FM
11.8
English Units
HU MID ITY
30
0 .7
IVE
10% RE LAT
25
20 %
10
TI
O
EM
ER
20
50
0 .1
O
F
AM
IL
O
G
0 .9
50
0 .8
LP
Y
18
45
4. 0
0.2
2.5
10 0
25
16
TH
11 0
22
25
60
10
20
11
3-52
E-
'W
30
UR
0 .9
2 .0
3 .0
70
15
10
24
AT
'h
40
ADP
MP
ER
-0.2
M
0
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
20
WE
TB
UL
BT
E
80
1 .0
-0 .5
0. 3
-1.
-4.0
.0
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
5.0
0. 4
Problem 3-52
30
-2.0
35
10 .0
0.5
12 0
26
90
-5. 0
4 .0
Qs
Qt
40
0. 6
1 .5
2.0
0.7
0 .9
1 .0
0 .8
28
30
Problem 3-52
1.0
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
12
30
19
20
23
27
30
40
= 4103cfm ; q
12 =221,243 Btu/hr
(c) Q
2
s (ir -is ); m
s = 5000 x 60/13.2 = 22,727 lba/hr
q=m
(specific volume value of 13.2 ft3/lbm is assumed.)
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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55
r 0m
m
m
=
= 0.462 r
m 0r
s
m
m
16
r 0'm'
m
=
=0.578
(c)
m'
m
0'r
R
FM
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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56
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1 .0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
1 000
35
RE
- F
.022
.020
14 .5
.018
70
IR
75
E
R
.016
90 %
PE
TE
PO
ER
30
70
.014
TI
O
TU
SA
0'
-C
60
ME
U
OL
.0 V
50 %
m'
14
65
%
90
80
U.F
60
DR
L B.
ER
55
T. P
50
13
.5
50
YA
45
ADP
IR
%
50
45
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
43 (6)
20 %
40 (4)
3-53 SI Units
15
57.5 (14)
65 (18)
75 (24)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10% RE LAT
10
70 (21)
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
25
=1.17m3 s
=1.13m3 s ; Q
(b) Q
r
o
=1.41m3 s ; Q
=1.02m3 s
(c) Q
r
o'
(d) q c = 37.3 kW
3-54
.012
R
FM
1 2.
45
65
-B
T
AL
P
55
RA
TU
50
16
TH
MP
E
75
%
70
35
TE
80
'W
55
35
.024
LB
40
25
20
40
BU
80
50
0
60
15
WE
T
'h
ENTHAL PY
HU MIDITY RAT IO
Problem 3-53
85
TU
0 .1
0.2
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
1150
.026
45
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
12 0
50 00
0.8
1.0
50
115
SEA LEVEL
60
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
30
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
57
o mr
m
=
=0.36
r 0r
m
16
SEA LEVEL
-5.0
4 .0
Qs
Qt
-4.0
-2 .0
30
0.0
WE
TB
UL
BT
80
1 .0
EM
PE
R
24
AT
UR
E-
11 0
22
0 .9
10 .0
5.0
4. 0
0 .1
12 0
26
90
-0.2
0.2
28
-2.0
-1.
0
0. 3
1 .5
2. 0
-0 .5
0.6
0. 4
R
FM
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
0.5
1 .0
0.7
0. 6
30
30
0 .8
0 .9
1.0
12
10 0
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
11 0
2 .0
3 .0
2.5
70
25
20
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
'W
10 0
25
60
Y
R
D
16
TU
O
F
20
90
SA
s%
90
15
%
80
6V
U
OL
ME
UB
IC M
ET
ER
0 .8
3 0%
18 (64)
20
25 (77)
35
20
15
10
HUM ID ITY
25
0 .7
5
A IR
20 (68)
IVE
10% RE LAT
10
RY
0 .8
20 %
30
gD
Rk
PE
40 %
30
12
80
10
70
60
45
0%
4
0. 8
10
-C
%
60
20
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
10
0 .8
15
70
40
30
10
TU
m2
TH
40
50
J
-K
14
TI
O
EM
ER
AM
R
IL
O
G
50
0 .8
LP
Y
Problem 3-54
0 .9
AI
R
57
18
40
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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50
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SHF =
3-55
58
424,000
= -4
530,000 424,000
mixing processes.
sen = -424,000 = m
sc p (t r -t s )
(a) q
424,000
= 88,333 lba/hr
0.24 (75 95)
16
s =
m
(b)
r hm
m
r = 0.33 x 88,333 lba/hr
=
=0.33; m
mm hr
R
FM
= 59,183 x 13.1/60
h = 59,183 lba/hr; Q
m
h
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
59
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1.0
1 .0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
M
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
80
50
0
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
70
IR
75
.016
30
ER
PO
TE
70
PE
TI
O
.014
TU
ME
60
-C
80
55
LU
VO
T. P
U.F
%
70
55
60
IR
50 %
45
35
YA
50
40
1 3 .5
45
15
20 %
DR
L B.
ER
50
4 0%
40
30%
20 %
15
60 (16)
75 (24)
20
95 (35)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
60
55
50
45
40
35
35 (2)
10
10% RE LAT
65
1 2.
40
.008
.006
35
.004
25
x 60 (i -i )
a3 (i4 -i3 ) = Q
q 34 = m
3
4 3
v3
x
Q
3
.010
.002
.012
R
FM
1 3.
35
115
20
50 %
%
90
1 4 .0
65
60
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
SA
25
45
65
-B
T
AL
P
BU
40
16
TH
WE
T
TU
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
85
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
Problem 3-55
.026
45
-4
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
SEA LEVEL
50
12 0
60
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
60
31
; Q3 = 0.754 x 75.7 = 57 cfm or 0.028 m3 /s
12
=
(c) Q
2
= 76 - 57 = 19 cfm or 0.012 m3 /s
Q
1
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
1 .0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
85
80
50
0
RE
- F
.022
.020
35
IR
70
70
ER
70
TU
SA
N
E
62
LU
VO
ME
60
-C
80
DR
IR
YA
50
%
50
4 0%
30%
1 3.
35
L B.
ER
40
1 3 .5
45
60
T. P
55
U.F
%
70
1 4 .0
65
%
90
55
50
.014
20 %
58.5
75
84
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
3-57 (a)
50
15
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
10
45
65
-B
T
TI
O
PE
TE
PO
.016
50 %
TU
.018
75
30
50
90 %
14 .5
AL
P
55
RA
TU
R
FM
TH
MP
E
80
1 000
25
20
35
TE
75
60
45
.024
LB
40
'W
Problem 3-56
40
BU
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
15
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
0. 6
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
12 0
16
0.8
SEA LEVEL
1.0
50
115
60
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
25
Refer to Chart 1
A reheat system is required. Process 1-2 is for the coil. Process 3-4
is defined by the SHF = 0.5
Process 2-3 represents the required heat.
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61
(b)
a3 (i4 -i3 ) =
q 34 = m
x 60
Q
3
(i4 -i3 )
v3
16
= q 34 v 3 = 100,000 x 13.4
Q
3
60(i4 -i3 ) 60(28.2-23.9)
(c)
a (i1-i2 ) =
q 12 = m
R
FM
5,194 x 60
(34.2-20.2)
13.4
5,194 x 60
(23.9-20.2)
13.4
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
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62
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1 .0
50
.028
15
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
WE
T
80
50
0
BU
.024
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
'W
.020
75
35
50
14 .5
70
70
R
D
E
R
30
.016
50 %
70
-B
T
TI
O
PE
TE
PO
ER
.018
75
IR
Problem 3-57
TU
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
M
0.2
85
'h
ENT HALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
.014
62
1 4 .0
60
-C
80
SA
55
ME
U.F
56
LU
VO
%
90
55
IR
%
50
45
35
YA
50
.5
40
13
15
60
R
B. D
RL
PE
50
T.
%
70
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
TU
AL
P
TH
65
60
20
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
45 51
10
66
15
75
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
65
60
55
50
45
40
10% RE LAT
70
1 2.
35
45
65
FM
16
25
ADP45
.026
45
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
0. 6
.0
0 .8
60
85
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
12 0
1.0
60
115
30
25
85
Supply Air:
sc p (t s -tr )
q sen = 120,000 x 0.5 = 60,000 Btu/hr = m
s =
m
60,000
= 53,192 lba/hr
0.24 (75-70.3)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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63
16
Reheat:
R
FM
Coil:
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64
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
50
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
5000 FEET
1.0
.028
80
1 .0
60
1 8 .0
0 .8
SENSIBL E HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
0
200
50
0
40
75
LB
TE
MP
.024
ER
AT
U
RE
55
-
F
.022
50 %
75
10 00
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
35
'W
70
0
50
AI
R
.018
UR
RY
AT
90 %
.016
RA
TU
TI
O
PE
R
TE
PO
ER
30
ND
70
65
17 .0
Problem 3-58
75
BU
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
15
00
80
WE
T
.0
-0 .5
-0 .4
- 0.3
-0 .2
0. 3
-1
17 .5
0.6
0.5
0. 4
50 00
300 0
0 .5
.026
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4.0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
SA
LP
Y
TU
-B
16
65
.014
60
0 .6
45
-2 000
2. 0
EN
TH
25
60
%
90
55
ME
-C
%
60
U .F
50
45
U
OL
70
.5 V
55
50
16
%
80
20
T. P
40
IR
YA
4 0%
30 %
1 5 .5
55 (13)
15
75 (24)
20
90 (32)
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
70 (21)
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
I TY
TIV E HUMID
10% RELA
10
.010
R
FM
20%
70
35
R
.D
LB
50
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
45
ER
40
35
16 .0
15
45
.012
12 0
60
85
25
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
30
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Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108
of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 4
M
4-1
(a) comfortable
(c) comfortable
16
4-2
(a) comfortable
(c) comfortable
(d) too dry
R
FM
4-3
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
67
4-6
4-7
16
1/ 2
4
Tmrt
= T4
+
CV
(Tg Ta ) = (538)4 + (0.103 x 109 ) (40)1/ 2 (78 74)
g
tmrt = 82 F or 27.8 C
R
FM
4-8
4
Tmrt
= (540)4 + (0.103 x 109 )(30)1/ 2 (80 76) = 83.5 F or 28.6 C
t a 72 F
4-9
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
68
As an approximation
1/ 2
4
Tmrt = 2To Ta and Tmrt
= Tg4 + CV
(Tg Ta )
Eq. (4-1)
2(To Ta )4 = Tg4 + CV
1/ 2
(Tg Ta )
16
t a = 85 F (30C)
4-10
R
FM
(a) Even if the suit was heavy weight, many executives would be
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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69
cool if sedentary.
(b) Would definitely be cold, especially hands and feet.
(c) Probably would be comfortable in typical work clothes
(d) Probably would be comfortable since they would keep
4-12
16
68 45
23
=
74 45
29
74 45 29
=
68 45 23
R
FM
4-13
Too much air motion in the cold winter months tends to cause drafts and
make people uncomfortable. Air velocity just sufficient to prevent large
temperature gradients from floor to ceiling is best for winter. The opposite
is true for hot summer months. Higher air velocity tends to compensate
for high temperature and humidity.
4-14
(a) Raising the chilled water temperature will cause the cooling coil to
(b) Yes, during the unoccupied hours the space load may be almost totally
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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M16FMR
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70
sensible heat gain and the load is much less than the design value. In
this case the chilled water temperature may be increased.
4-15
These fans may bring air down in the summer, increasing the
16
the fan.
4-16
R
FM
(b) On the basis of floor area, the occupancy would be 25 and the
minimum ventilation requirement would be
floor area if lowest air flow is desired. With 30 actual student air
flow is such a case would be insufficient.
4-17
)
C + N)
= C + (N
/Q
/Q
Cs = (Q
t e
t
e
t
= (200/106 + (0.25/900)
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
71
or using SI Units
M
4-18
= n (5.0 ml/s)
N
Solving Eq. 4-5 for N
16
(C C ) = n (5.0) ml/s-person
=Q
N
t
s
e
(C C ) / (5.0)
n=Q
t
s
e
= 2.8 (1000-280) / 5.0
R
FM
Use the M-100 media of fig. 4-8. From table 4-3, select a
12 x 24 x 8 unit; 650 cfm, P = 0.4 in. wg
At P = 0.25 in. wg. each unit will handle
=Q
[0.25 / 0.40]1/2 = 650 [0.25 / 0.40]1/2
Q
1
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
72
4-20
Use the M-100 media from Table 4-3 select a 0.3 x 0.6 x 0.2 unit.
This is rated at 0.3 m3/s with 100 Pa pressure drop.
16
using six units.
Trying the 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.2 filter the allowable flow per unit would be
Solving Eq. 4-10 for Q
R
FM
4-21
=Q
[P / P ]1/ 2 = 900 [0.1 / 0.15]1/2 = 735 cfm/module
Q
r
r
Solving Eq. 4-10 for Q
=Q
[P / P ]1/ 2 = (0.42) [24 / 37.4]1/2 = 0.336
Q
r
r
m = (2.8)/0.336 = 8.3
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73
Q
(2.8)m3 / s
=
= 1.73 m / s
Velocity =
FACE AREA (0.3)(0.6)(9)m2
4-23
M
Use Eq. 4-10
/Q
]2 = 100 [ 0.40/0.42]2 = 90.7 Pa
P = Pr [Q
r
16
Q
0.4
=
= 2.22 m / s
Velocity =
A (0.3)(0.6)
4-24
No solution exists due to the fixed air quantity for the unit. This
part of the problem is intended to show the student that typical
direct expansion equipment cannot be used in this way. It also
shows that the load due to outdoor air is very large.
R
FM
4-25
66
78
0 = 0.25 m
s; Locate point 1 on psychrometric Chart at 82.4 F db and
m
66.8 F wb
M16FMR
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74
/ V (60) (i i )
1 (i1 is ) = Q
q 1s = m
1 1
1 s
= 350 / 12,000 q ; = (350 / 12,000) (60 / v ) (i i )
Q
1
1s
1 1 s
12,000 (13.9)
= 23.46 Btu / lbm
60 (350)
is = 31.4
16
s =m
1 =
m
36,000
= 8695.7 lb / hr
(27.6 23.46)
8695.7
=m
s (v s ) =
Q
(13.4) = 1940 cfm
s
60
R
FM
(c) Design filters for 2014 cfm, use M-200 media of fig 4-8.
Try the 24x24x8 units of table 4-3. 920 cfm @ 0.4 in. wg.
For max. P of 0.125 in.wat.
4-26
M16FMR
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75
E +Q
=Q
A fresh air balance on the filter gives Q
r f
0
s
is recirculated air, Q
is outdoor air and
where Q
r
0
is supply air.
Q
s
16
= 7.2 modules
R
FM
4-27
4-28
since
Use Eq. 4-12, solve for RQ
r
= { -Q
E [C (1 E )C ] + N}
/ (E E C )
RQ
r
0 v s
f
0
v f s
M16FMR
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76
= 200 cfm; Q
= (185 + 200) = 385 cfm
Q
0
s
4-29
Solve Eq. 4-11 for RQ
r
= ( Q
)(E )(C ) + N
/E EC
RQ
r
o
v
s
v f s
= [ (-20) (0.65) (220) + (125) (35.32 ft 3 /m3 )]
RQ
r
(0.65)(0.7)(220)
16
4-30
For filter location A, use Eq. 4-11, solving for RQ
r
= ( Q
E C + N)
/ (E E C )
RQ
r
o v s
v f s
R
FM
= 183 cfm; Q
= 200 cfm; Q
= 383 cfm
RQ
r
o
s
4-31
(a) This type of space will require a high ventilation (supply air)
rate to handle the load, air cleanliness is not the main criterion.
Therefore, a low efficiency filter with low pressure drop is
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77
= (Q
Q
)/E
A "fresh air" balance on the filter gives Q
r
s
o
f
= (20 15) / 0.5 = 10 cfm / person recirculation rate
Q
r
4-31 (continued)
16
(b) A higher efficiency would reduce the total amount of air and
reduce the required face area. However this is not desirable in
R
FM
/ v) 60 (i i )
q = (Q
s
r
s
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78
v 13 ft3 / lba
= 3,149 cfm
Q
s
(b)
=Q
= 15 x 225
Q
s
o
(c)
R
FM
16
= 3,375 cfm
Q
s
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108
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Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 5
M
5-1
16
5-2
5-3
R
FM
5-4
r3
r
ln 2
r2
r1
R' =
+
2 kiL 2 kpL
ln
5-5
Assume L = 1 ft
M16FMR
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80
5.625
4.125
ln
R ' = 4.125 + 3.905 = 2.96 (hr-F)/Btu
0.2
314
2
2
12
12
ln
M
5-6
16
5-7
U = 1 R =1 4.91=0.204
1
1
1
=
+ R '+
; Base Uo on A o
Uo A o hiA i
ho A o
R
FM
5-8
1
35.34
1
=
+ (35.34 x 2.96) +
= 105.28
Uo 650 x 24.54
1.5
Uo = 0.0095 Btu / (hr - ft 2 F); Based on A o
5-9
Layer
R - (m2 C) / W
Outside Surface
0.029
0.112
0.180
0.183
0.057
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81
Inside Surface (7 m/s )
0.120
= 0.652 m2C / W
Between Frame
At Framing
Outside Surface
0.17
0.17
0.65
0.65
Sheathing
1.32
1.32
Insulation
11.0
--
2x4 stud
--
4.27
Gypsum board
0.32
0.32
Inside surface
0.68
0.68
14.14
7.41
5-10
16
Total
R
FM
UA = Ui A i + Uf A f ; U = UiA i / A + Uf A f / A
A i 14.5
A
1.5
1
=
and f =
and U =
A
16
A
16
R
1
1
14.5
1.5
U=
x
x
+
= 0.077 Btu / hr - ft 2 F
14.14
7.41
16
16
5-11
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82
5-12
R1 (2 x 6)
R2 (2 x 4)
0.17
0.17
2. Siding
0.79
0.79
1.32
1.32
4. Insulation,
19.0
11.0
2x4
---
4.27
2x6
6.7
---
0.32
0.32
6. Inside surface
0.68
0.68
3. Sheathing
16
Total
28.98
18.55
0.054 0.035
% Difference =
(100) = 35.2
0.054
R
FM
5-13
R = 1.02 hr ft 2 F / Btu
5-14
[Table 5-3a]
or 0.18 m2C / W
Assume tmean = 50 F; t = 10 F
q c / A = Uc t
[Table 5-3a]
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83
Uc = 1 / R = 1 / (2 x 4.55) = 0.11
q c / A = 0.11 ( 145 - 110) = 3.85 Btu/(hr ft 2 )
or
Uc =
1
= 0.625; q c / A = 0.625(63 43) = 12.5 W/m2
(2x0.8)
4
T 4
T
q / A r = ' 1 2 ;
100
100
16
(q / A)r = 0.1713 x 0.82 [6.05 5.7 ] = 39.9 Btu / (hr - ft 2 ) or 129
W
m2
5-16
R
FM
q / A = U (ti t o )
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84
From Table 5-4b, construction 2, R = 8.90 (hr ft2 F) / Btu
Assume insulation does not fill the airspace.
16
5-18
UW =
0.171
= 0.971 W / m2 C
0.1761
R
FM
UA = Uw A w + Ud + A d + Uwin A win
U=
5-19
Winter
Ri = 0.68
Ri = 0.68
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85
Rd = 1.375 / 1.25
Rd = 1.375 / 1.25
Ro = 0.25
Ro = 0.17
Rs = 2.03
Rw = 1.95
5-21
16
computed
R
FM
5-22
5-23
1
1
+ Rag =
+ 1.01 = 1.94 ; Un = 0.52 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
U
1.08
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86
5-24
16
Re =
1
+ 2.08 = 36.6
0.029
R
FM
5-25 (a) R w
R fl =
1
+ (1 / 0.48) = 36.6
0.029
5-26
Rins =
1.5
= 4.17 hr ft 2 F / Btu
0.36
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87
Then from Fig. 5-8, U' = 0.85 Btu /(hr ft 2 F) or 1.47 W(m C)
ti = 72 F (22 C) Assumed
Re =
1
+ 7.22 = 26.5
0.052
16
5-28
1
+ 0.7 + (1 / 12.6) = 1.66 (m2 -c)/W ; Un = 0.60 W/(m21.14
C)
R
FM
5-29
U = 0.16
Rn =
1
+ (1 / 6.9) + (1 / 4.6) = 6.61(m2 -C) / W
0.16
5-30
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88
t1 =
14.6 C or 58F
M
5-31
16
5-32
R
FM
5-33
2L ln (L / 2Z)
ln 1
D ln (2L /D)
R' =
2 kL
=
(2 x 8 x 100/12)
R ' = 8.12 x 10-3 (hr - F) / Btu
of pipe wall.
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89
q =
70 42
8.12 x 10-3
or q = 1.01 kW;
q
= 33.1 W/m
L
q = t / R'
5-34
16
100
ln
2 x 1
2 x 100
ln
1
0.05 ln 200
0.05
R'g =
= 4.98 x 10-3 C / W
2 (1.4) 100
q =
5-35
60 5
4.98 x 10-3
= 11.04 kW
R
FM
inside or left out entirely and the plywood would probably warp
and rot.
5-36
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90
16
5-37
p (t c t o )
Uf A f (ti t c ) = Uw A w (t c t o ) + U'P(t c to ) = mc
p )t o
Uf A f ti + (Uw A w + U'P + mc
; ti = 72 F; t0 = 10 F
tc =
p)
(Uf A f + Uw A w + U'P + mc
1
; R f = 0.92 + 1.88 + 0.92 = 3.72; Uf = 0.27
Rf
R
FM
Uf =
Uw =
1
; R w = 0.68 + (6 /15) + 0.17 = 1.25; Uw = 0.80
Rw
5-38
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91
(b)
U = 0.211 (construction 1)
(c) If room air leaks into the air space for the case of no roof deck
insulation (b) there could be some condensation since tdp = 50
16
5-39
R
FM
t1 = ti
R1
.365
(ti t o ) = 22
(22 + 17) = 3.98 C or 39 F
Rs
0.79
t dp = 9.5 C, Assuming room air can diffuse into the air space,
condensation likely will form on the concrete block surface.
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92
5-40
tn =
0.09 x 3 x 8
= 1.08
2
U4 A 4 = 0.09 x 3 x 20 = 5.4
U3 A 3 =
16
tn =
R
FM
5-41
1
; R f = (2 x 0.92) + (1.5/0.8) + 2.1 = 5.82
Rf
Carpet and Fibrous pad assumed; Uf = 0.172 Btu/ (hr - ft2 - F)
Uf =
tb =
tb =
Uf A f ti + ( Uw A w + Ubf A f )t g
Uf A f + Uw A w + Ubf A f
tb = 30.3 F or -0.95 C
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M16FMR
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
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Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 6
M
6-1
Refer to Table B-1. The computer program PSYC may be used to find the
humidity ratio from tdb and assumed 100% RH.
Wind
Direction, deg.
CCW from N
Humidity
Ratio,
lbv/lba
(a) Pendleton, OR
11
140
0.0
(b) Milwaukee, WI
-2
13
290
0.0
(c) Anchorage, AL
-9
10
0.0
(d) Norfolk, VA
24
12
340
0.003
(e) Albuquerque, NM
18
360
0.0
(f) Charleston, SC
28
20
0.003
16
tdb, F
Wind
Speed,
mph
City
R
FM
6-2
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
t1 =
94
Uti + t o ( C1 U)
C1
Indoor
Tdb, F
Outdoor
Tdb, F
t1 =
tdp, F
(a) Caribou, ME
72
-10
35.5
Design or
Max.
RH ~ %
26.2
(b) Birmingham, AL
72
23
50.2
46.1
(c) Cleveland, OH
72
42.6
34.6
(d) Denver, CO
72
41.3
32.9
City
16
(e) San Francisco, CA
72
39
57.3
59.9*
(g) Boise, ID
72
-16
32.8
23.6
Rapid City
72
44.0
36.5
R
FM
6-3
Assume that the weather strip does not change the convective heat loss.
From Figure 6-2, Cp = 0.3. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the air density of 0 F,
the pressure difference due to wind is
lbm
ft / s
15mph *1.467
0.3 0.086
ft
mph
Pw =
lbm ft
2 32.17
lbf
s
in.wg
0.1924
lbf
ft
Pw = 0.037in.wg
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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Loose fit with non-weather-stripped, K = 6; Q /L = 0.75 cfm/ft
Loose fit with weather-stripped, K = 2; Q /L = 0.24 cfm/ft
95
Q
cp(ti to) = v cp(ti to)
Now q i = m
= 0.68
16
6-4
R
FM
kg m
0.52 1.22 13
m s
Pw =
= 53.6Pa
kg m
2 1.0
N s
(a) From Table 6-2, K = 1 for tight-fitting.
/L = 0.60 L/m-s
Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q
= 0.60 x (0.9 + 2.0) x 2 = 3.48 L/s
Q
Assuming that the wind speed and wind direction are the same as the
given conditions for the bank at Rapid City, SD, the heating load (at -20.6
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96
C outdoor temp. and 72 C indoor temp.) due to the door infiltration can
be calculating using Eq. (6-2b) as:
m
kg
J
s
m
kg
C
m
kg
J
16
(c) From Table 6-2, K = 6 for average-fitting.
/L = 3.40 L/m-s
Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q
= 3.40 x (0.9 + 2.0) x 2 = 19.72 L/s
Q
m
kg
J
R
FM
6-5
From Figure 6-2, Cp = 0.52. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the standard air density,
the pressure difference due to wind is
lbm
ft / s
23mph *1.467
0.52 0.0765
ft
mph
Pw =
lbm ft
2 32.17
lbf
s
in.wg
0.1924
lbf / ft
Pw = 0.135in.wg
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97
M
6-6
16
R
FM
(b) For Billings, MT, design conditions are to = -7F, ti = 72F, i = 28%.
From Table 6-3, K = 0.66 for conventional curtain wall.
Air will infiltrate on windward side only on 3rd floor.
Windward 3rd floor
= 0.15(120 x 10) = 180 cfm
/A = 0.15 cfm/ft2; Q
Q
Then q s = (180 x 60/12.4)(0.24)(72 (-7)) = 16,514 Btu/hr
q l = (180 x 60/12.4)(0.005 0.000)1060 = 4,616 Btu/hr
q t = q s + q l = 21,130 Btu/hr [3rd Floor]
9th Floor All exfiltration on this floor.
q t = 0.0 Btu/hr [9th Floor]
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98
6-7
6-7 (Cont.)
16
R
FM
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99
For Charleston, WV: to = 11F, ti = 70F
q s = (897 x 60/11.72)(0.24)(70-11) = 65,025 Btu/hr
q = (897 x 60/11.72)(1060)(0.005 0.000) = 24,338 Btu/hr
q = q s + q = 89,363 Btu/hr
M
6-8
16
(a) Assuming standard sea level air density, the pressure difference due
to the wind speed of 20 m/s is
lbm
ft / s
0.0765
20mph *1.467
ft
mph
Pw
=
Cp
lbm ft
2 32.17
lbf
s
in.wg
0.1924
lbf
ft
/
R
FM
Cp assumed
Equal for both
L and W walls
Floor 1: h = 108 ft., Ps/Cd = 0.13, and Ps = 0.13 x 0.80 = 0.104 in. water
Floor 5: h = 60 ft., Ps = 0.065 x 0.80 = 0.052 in. water
Floor 15: h = 72 ft., Ps = -0.085 x 0.80 = -0.068 in. water
Floor 20: h = 132 ft., Ps = -0.160 x 0.80 = -0.128 in. water
Windward
Leeward
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100
Floor
1
5
15
20
Pw
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
Ps
0.104
0.052
-0.068
-0.128
PT
0.153
0.101
-0.019
-0.079
Pw
-0.099
-0.099
-0.099
-0.099
Ps
0.104
0.052
-0.068
-0.128
PT
0.005
-0.047
-0.167
-0.227
(b)
M
6-8 (Cont.)
R
FM
16
Infiltration Windward Sides, from 1st to 13th Floor
Leeward Sides, 1st Floor only
(c) 1st floor, Infiltration on all sides through doors, walls and fixed
windows
Windward Walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0.22 for tight fitting.
/A = 0.08 cfm/ft2.
From Fig. 6-6, Q
A = (100 + 60)12 = 1920 ft2
= 0.08 x 1920 = 154 cfm
Q
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101
Leeward Walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0.22 for tight fitting.
/A = 0.005 cfm/ft2.
From Fig. 6-6, Q
A = (100 + 60)12 = 1920 ft2
= 0.005 x 1920 = 10 cfm
Q
16
R
FM
(d) and (e) Infiltration rate is zero due to negative pressure differentials for
the 15th and 20th floors.
6-9
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102
6-10
For Des Moines, IA: to = -4F, ti = 70F.
16
Walls:
R
FM
Doors:
Finally, total transmission heat loss is the sum of all heat losses;
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103
q t = 51,342 Btu/hr
6-11
From Figure 6-2, Cp = 0.52. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the standard air density,
the pressure difference due to the wind of 15 mph is
lbm
ft / s
15mph *1.467
(0.52) 0.0765
ft
mph
Pw =
lbm ft
2 32.17
lbf
s
in.wg
0.1924
lbf / ft
16
R
FM
From Tables 6-1 and 6-2, K = 1 for tight-fitting windows and doors.
/L = 0.13 cfm/ft.
From Fig. 6-1, Q
Lc = [(3 x 3) + (2 x 4)]x3 + (3+6.75)x2x3 = 109.5 ft
= 0.13 x 109.5 = 14.2 cfm.
Q
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q t = 47,180 Btu/hr
Total:
104
6-13
16
6-14
6-15
R
FM
6-16
(a)
q =
Q
s (i i )
s
v
vs
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105
s=
Q
(b)
qvs
(280,000)(14.6)
=
= 6,251 cfm
is iv (32.7 21.8)60
cp(ts tr) =
q = m
qvs
(250,000)(14.6)
=
= 5,633 cfm
c p (ts tr ) (0.24)(115 70)60
s=
Q
Q
s c (t t )
p s
r
vs
16
6-17
100,000
= -3.03
(133,000 100,000)
Locate states, and condition line and heating process on psychometric
chart.
cp(tr ts) or m
s = q s/cp(tr ts)
q s = m
s = 100,000/(0.24 x 20) = 20,833 lbm/hr
m
s=m
s x vs/60 = 20,833 x 14.05/60
Q
s = 4,878 cfm or about 4,900 cfm
Q
SHF = qs/(q + qs) =
R
FM
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106
M
R
FM
16
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108
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Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
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Chapter 7
M
7-1
16
Norfolk, VA
Lincoln, NE
Casper, WY
Pendleton, OR
London, UK
76.2
96.75
106.47
118.85
0.45
Standard
Meridian,
W
Daylight
Savings
Time
Local
Standard
Time
Equation
of Time
75
90
105
120
0
9:00:00 AM
1:00:00 PM
10:00:00 AM
3:00:00 PM
7:00:00 PM
8:00:00 AM
12:00:00 PM
9:00:00 AM
2:00:00 PM
6:00:00 PM
-2.41 min
-2.41 min
-2.41 min
-2.41 min
-2.41 min
Local Solar
Time
R
FM
7-2
Location
7:52:47 AM
11:30:35 AM
8:51:43 AM
2:02:11 PM
5:55:47 PM
Hour angle (negative for morning and positive for afternoon) can be
determined by
h = 15 * ( LST 12)
M16FMR
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107
(d) h = 15*(12:01 - 12:00) = 15*(0.017) = 0.25 deg.
7-3
16
Location
Latitude, N
Declination
Angle,
Cos(h)
Hour
Angle,
Sunrise,
(LST)
Sunset,
(LST)
Billings, MT
Orlando, FL
Anchorage, AL
Honolulu, HI
45.8
28.43
61.17
21.35
20.6
20.6
20.6
20.6
-0.3865
-0.2035
-0.6829
-0.1469
112.7
101.7
133.1
98.4
4:29 AM
5:13 AM
3:07 AM
5:26 AM
7:30 AM
6:46 AM
8:52 AM
6:33 AM
l = 33.0 deg. N
R
FM
7-4
From Eq. 7-8; sin( ) = cos(l ) cos(h) cos( ) + sin(l ) sin( ) = 0.593
= 36.37 deg.
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108
7-5
At sunrise, = 0 ; sin( ) = 0
From Eq. 7-8; cos(l ) cos(h) cos( ) = sin(l ) sin( )
(a)
16
Sunrise is at 3:04 AM (Solar Time)
R
FM
(b)
7-6
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109
From Eq. 7-10,
max = 90 Min( l )
For north latitude, l is positive and greater than |max| so we need largest
positive value of .
From Table 7-2, max = 23.45 deg. and hence max = 73.70 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
16
(b)
For north latitude, l is positive and greater than |max| so we need largest
positive value of .
From Table 7-2, max = 23.45 deg. and hence max = 70.68 deg.
(c)
R
FM
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
Sydney, Australia: l = 33.95 deg. S.
For south latitude, l is negative and |l| is greater than |max| so we need
largest negative value of .
From Table 7-2, max = -23.45 deg. and hence max = 79.50 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on Dec 21.
7-7
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110
Using Eq. 7-6, LST = 15.50 (100-90)*4 /60+ 13.8/60 = 15.063 Hr or 3:04
pm.
Latitude: l = 37.5 deg. N
Hour angle: h = 15*(15.063-12) = 45.95 deg.
16
R
FM
7-8
= 39.92 deg.
7-9
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111
16
R
FM
7-10
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112
Using Eq. 7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 114.30 deg. (clockwise from north)
(a) Using Eq. 7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
16
(b) For vertical surface facing southeast, Surface Tilt; = 90 deg., and
Surface azimuth; = 135 deg. (clockwise from north).
Using Eq. 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, = |114.3-135| = 20.7 deg.
R
FM
(c) For inclined surface facing south, Surface Tilt; = (90-40) = 50 deg.,
and Surface azimuth; = 180 deg. (clockwise from north).
7-12
7-13
For Calibou, MA on July 21,
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113
16
R
FM
7-14
Given Information:
Date: June 21
Longitude: LL = 96.0 deg. W
Latitude: l = 36.0 deg. N
Equation of Time: EOT = -1.4 min
Declination: = 23.45 deg.
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114
Solar Parameters; A = 346.1 Btu/hr-ft or 1092 W/m, B = 0.185,
and C = 0.137
Central Daylight Savings Time: CDST = 8:00 pm
Surface Tilt; = 90 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; = 225 deg. (clockwise from north)
Reflectance from water; g = 0.25
16
R
FM
Given Information:
Date: Mar 21
Latitude: l = 56.0 deg. N
Equation of Time: EOT = -7.5 min
Declination: = 0.0 deg.
Solar Parameters; A = 368.9 Btu/hr-ft or 1164 W/m, B = 0.149,
and C = 0.109
Local Solar Time: LST = 12:00 pm
Surface Tilt; = 90 deg.
Surface Azimuth, S; = 180 deg. (clockwise from north)
Clearness number; CN = 0.95
Diffuse Reflectance from snow; g = 0.7
Hour angle: h = 0.0 deg.
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115
16
R
FM
Given Information:
Date: Aug 21
Latitude: l = 32.0 deg. N
Equation of Time: EOT = -2.4 min
Declination: = 12.3 deg.
Solar Parameters; A = 350.9 Btu/hr-ft or 1107 W/m, B = 0.182,
and C = 0.134
Local Solar Time: LST = 10:00 am
Surface Tilt; = 45 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; = 225 deg. (clockwise from north)
Diffuse Reflectance from ground; g = 0.3
Hour angle: h = -30.0 deg.
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116
Using Eq. 7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 118.7 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using Eq. 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, = 106.3 deg.
Using Eq. 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence, = 61.5 deg.
16
7-17
R
FM
Following tables summarize input and output data calculated for southwestfacing vertical window at 32 deg. N latitude, 90 deg. W longitude, for all
daylight hours of a clear day on July 21 with ground reflectance of 0.2 and
clearness number of 1.
Input Data
Longitude
90
Standard Meridian
90
EOT
-6.2
Latitude
32
Declination
20.6
Surf Azimuth
225
Surf Tilt
90
A
346.4
B
0.186
C
0.138
CN
1
RHOG
0.2
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
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117
Output Data
CDST
LST
h,
7.00
5.90
-91.55
9.50
8.00
6.90
-76.55
21.78
9.00
7.90
-61.55
34.38
10.00
8.90
-46.55
47.09
11.00
9.90
-31.55
59.65
12.00 10.90 -16.55
71.33
13.00 11.90
-1.55
78.52
14.00 12.90
13.45
73.44
15.00 13.90
28.45
62.18
43.45
49.71
16.00 14.90
17.00 15.90
58.45
37.00
18.00 16.90
73.45
24.37
19.00 17.90
88.45
12.00
*Unit of Irradiation is Btu/hr-ft
GND*
G D*
G d*
G R*
G t*
71.57
78.63
85.69
93.60
104.24
123.59
172.69
229.79
252.83
264.52
272.79
279.93
286.94
153.43
146.37
139.31
131.40
120.76
101.41
52.31
4.79
27.83
39.52
47.79
54.93
61.94
151.90
140.64
128.74
116.76
104.98
93.63
83.01
73.49
65.62
60.08
57.55
58.44
62.60
112.19
209.84
249.18
268.71
279.23
284.65
286.52
285.30
280.70
271.44
254.30
220.69
141.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
34.88
81.05
115.85
135.41
136.46
115.51
65.16
6.97
13.03
15.47
16.69
17.34
20.57
24.03
27.54
30.36
31.69
30.69
26.33
15.97
3.40
10.68
17.51
23.39
27.95
30.90
32.03
31.28
28.70
24.45
18.81
12.15
4.90
10.37
23.71
32.98
40.07
45.29
51.46
90.94
139.87
174.91
191.54
185.97
153.99
86.03
16
7-18
R
FM
Using the developed program, following tables summarize input and output
data calculated for south-facing surface tilted at 45 deg. on Apr 21 in
Louisville, KY.
Input Data
Longitude
85.73
Standard Meridian
90
EOT
1.1
Latitude
38.18
Declination
11.6
Surf Azimuth
180
Surf Tilt
45
A
358.2
B
0.164
C
0.12
CN
1
RHOG
0.2
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
Output Data
LST
h,
1.0
2.0
3.0
-165.0
-150.0
-135.0
-38.3
-32.9
-24.8
GND*
G D*
G d*
G R*
G t*
18.8
35.7
49.8
161.2
144.3
130.2
164.4
150.0
135.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
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118
4.0
-120.0
-15.1
61.5
5.0
-105.0
-4.3
71.6
6.0
-90.0
7.1
80.8
7.0
-75.0
18.9
89.9
8.0
-60.0
30.6
99.7
9.0
-45.0
42.0
111.3
10.0
-30.0
52.3
126.8
11.0
-15.0
60.2
149.3
12.0
0.0
63.4
180.0
13.0
15.0
60.2
210.7
14.0
30.0
52.3
233.2
15.0
45.0
42.0
248.7
30.6
260.3
16.0
60.0
17.0
75.0
18.9
270.1
18.0
90.0
7.1
279.2
19.0
105.0
-4.3
288.4
20.0
120.0
-15.1 298.5
21.0
135.0
-24.8 310.2
22.0
150.0
-32.9 324.3
23.0
165.0
-38.3 341.2
24.0
180.0
-40.2 360.0
*Unit of Irradiation is Btu/hr-ft
120.7
106.0
91.4
76.8
62.5
48.4
35.1
23.7
18.4
23.7
35.1
48.4
62.5
76.8
91.4
106.0
120.7
135.4
150.0
164.4
175.2
0.0
0.0
95.7
215.8
259.6
280.3
291.1
296.5
298.2
296.5
291.1
280.3
259.6
215.8
95.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
49.2
120.0
186.1
238.3
271.5
282.9
271.5
238.3
186.1
120.0
49.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16
7-19
118.5
108.4
99.2
90.1
80.3
68.7
53.2
30.7
0.0
30.7
53.2
68.7
80.3
90.1
99.2
108.4
118.5
130.2
144.3
161.2
180.0
0.0
0.0
9.8
22.1
26.6
28.7
29.8
30.4
30.5
30.4
29.8
28.7
26.6
22.1
9.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
2.8
4.8
6.5
7.8
8.6
8.9
8.6
7.8
6.5
4.8
2.8
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.5
74.1
151.4
221.3
275.9
310.5
322.3
310.5
275.9
221.3
151.4
74.1
10.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
R
FM
Using the developed program, following tables summarize input and output
data calculated for an east-facing window, 3 ft. wide by 5 ft. high, with no
set back on a clear Jul 21 day in Boise, ID.
Input Data
Longitude
116.22
Standard Meridian
120
EOT
-6.2
Latitude
43.57
Declination
20.6
Surf Azimuth
90
Surf Tilt
90
A
346.4
B
0.186
C
0.138
CN
1
RHOG
0.2
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
Output Data
LST
h,
5.0
6.0
-105.0
-90.0
3.8
14.0
GND*
G D*
G d*
G R*
G t*
E#
65.0
74.8
25.0
15.2
25.3
20.6
21.5
160.9
19.5
150.6
3.6
27.4
0.4
6.1
23.5
184.1
352.4
2761.3
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119
7.0
-75.0
24.7
84.4
5.6
25.3
222.0
8.0
-60.0
35.6
94.8
4.8
35.8
251.6
9.0
-45.0
46.2
106.9
16.9
48.6
267.7
10.0
-30.0
56.1
123.0
33.0
62.1
276.8
11.0
-15.0
63.8
146.7
56.7
76.0
281.6
12.0
0.0
67.0
180.0
90.0
90.0
283.0
13.0
15.0
63.8
213.3
123.3
104.0
281.6
14.0
30.0
56.1
237.0
147.0
117.9
276.8
15.0
45.0
46.2
253.1
163.1
131.4
267.7
16.0
60.0
35.6
265.2
175.2
144.2
251.6
17.0
75.0
24.7
275.6
185.6
154.7
222.0
14.0
285.2
195.2
159.4
160.9
18.0
90.0
19.0
105.0
3.8
295.0
205.0
154.7
21.5
*Unit of Irradiation is Btu/hr-ft
#
E is the rate at which solar energy strike the window in Btu/hr
36.8
38.5
36.1
31.4
26.2
21.5
17.5
17.2
16.6
15.6
13.8
10.0
1.3
12.3
18.1
23.0
26.8
29.2
30.0
29.2
26.8
23.0
18.1
12.3
6.1
0.4
249.9
260.6
236.3
187.8
123.6
51.4
46.6
44.0
39.7
33.7
26.1
16.1
1.8
3747.9
3908.9
3544.7
2817.2
1853.6
771.7
699.7
659.8
594.8
505.9
391.9
241.6
26.7
16
7-20
200.7
203.9
177.2
129.6
68.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Given Information:
Latitude: l = 32.47 deg. N
Surface azimuth, S; = 180 deg. (clockwise from north)
Window width; W = 4 ft.
Window height; H = 6 ft.
Setback distance; b = 1 ft.
R
FM
(a) On April 21
Declination: = 12.3 deg.
Local Solar Time: LST = 9:00 am
Hour angle: h = 15*(9-12) = -45.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 106.27 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using Eq. 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, = 73.73 deg.
Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
x = (1 ft.)*tan(73.73) = 3.43 ft.
y = (1 ft.)*tan(43.82)/cos(73.73) = 3.42 ft.
Shaded area can be calculated by
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120
Ash = W * H (W x) * ( H y) = 22.52 ft
7-20 (Cont.)
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 93.8%.
(b) On July 21
Declination: = 20.6 deg.
Local Solar Time: LST = 12:00 pm
Hour angle: h = 15*(12-12) = 0.0 deg.
16
R
FM
Ash = W * H (W x) * ( H y) = 19.03 ft
Using Eq. 7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 261.81 deg. (clockwise from north)
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121
16
7-21
Given: Problem 7-20 with a long 2 ft overhang located 2 ft above the top of
the window.
For this problem, bo for overhang is the sum of the overhang depth and the
setback; hence, bo = 2+1 = 3 ft.
R
FM
(a) The vertically shaded dimension on the window due to the overhang
can be calculated by:
where yo-w is the distance of the overhang above the window. Therefore,
yo = (3 ft.)*tan(43.82)/cos(73.73) - 2 = 8.27 ft.
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122
(c) Since the window is completely shaded due to the setback, there is no
need to calculate yo.
7-22
Given: Problem 7-20 with 6 in. setback instead of 1 ft. setback.
16
Shaded area can be calculated by
Ash = W * H (W x) * ( H y) = 14.19 ft
R
FM
Ash = W * H (W x) * ( H y) = 9.52 ft
Ash = W * H (W x) * ( H y) = 21.27 ft
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123
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 88.6%.
7-23
Solar
Altitude,
Solar
Azimuth,
SurfaceSolar
Azimuth,
Horizontally
Shaded
Dimension
(x), ft
Vertically
Shaded
Dimension
(y), ft
Shaded
Area, ft
%Shaded
Area
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
-60.00
-45.00
-30.00
-15.00
0.00
15.00
30.00
45.00
60.00
9.98
19.49
27.17
32.27
34.08
32.27
27.17
19.49
9.98
126.22
136.52
148.96
163.69
180.00
196.31
211.04
223.48
233.78
53.78
43.48
31.04
16.31
0.00
16.31
31.04
43.48
53.78
1.37
0.95
0.60
0.29
0.00
0.29
0.60
0.95
1.37
0.30
0.49
0.60
0.66
0.68
0.66
0.60
0.49
0.30
8.98
7.18
5.65
4.20
2.71
4.20
5.65
7.18
8.98
37.4
29.9
23.5
17.5
11.3
17.5
23.5
29.9
37.4
7-24
R
FM
16
Local
Solar
Time,
hr
7-25
7-26
7-27
First, we need to know angle of incidence and solar irradiation. Using Eqs.
7-8 to 7-26 (or a computer program developed for previous problem),
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124
incidence angle and solar irradiation on a southwest-facing window for
Boise, ID on a clear July 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 12.44 ft
and 2.56 ft, respectively.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system ID 21c
are
16
R
FM
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having
aluminum frame with thermal break utilizing metal spacers is 1.13 Btu/hrft-F.
From Table 7-1, solar absorptance of the aluminum frame (assuming the
window is not a new one) is 0.8.
Assuming the window with no setback (Aframe = Asurf), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-31 as:
SHGGf = 0.8*(1.13/4.0) = 0.226.
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the glazing
system ID 21c are
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125
7-28 (Cont.)
TD (52.4) = 0.4156, Af1D (52.4) = 0.140, Af2D (52.4) = 0.1524,
Td = 0.40, Af1d = 0.13, and Af2d = 0.15.
Using Eq. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
16
= 794.64 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of glass is 0.42 Btu/hr-ft-F.
Similar to the previous problem, the outside surface conductance may be
estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr-ft-F.
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be calculated by:
R
FM
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calculated
by:
ho, 2 =
1
1 1
U hi
1
1 = 0.59 Btu/hr-ft-F
0.42 1.46
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 2 can be calculated by:
N2 = 0.42 / 0.59 = 0.71
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126
7-28 (Cont.)
Using Eq. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the glazing system is
N = [163.4*(0.105*0.14+0.71*0.1524) +
57.5*(0.105*0.13+0.71*0.15)] / 220.9
= 0.122
Using Eq. 7-39 and the SHGGf calculated from the previous problem, the
solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is
16
Using Eq. 7-40, the total absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration
system is
7-29
R
FM
q SHG = (0.226*2.56*220.9)
+ [0.548*12.44*163.4 + 0.52*12.44*57.5]*0.66
= 1108.48 Btu/hr.
7-30
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127
7-30 (Cont.)
+ 0.55*1130.91*0.122*(0.13+0.15)
= 698.36 Btu/hr.
7-31
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system ID 5b
are
16
7-32
R
FM
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the glazing
system ID 5b are
TD (52.4) = 0.5332, Af1D (52.4) = 0.1924, Af2D (52.4) = 0.12,
Td = 0.51, Af1d = 0.19, and Af2d = 0.11.
Using Eq. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is
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128
7-32 (Cont.)
= 849.60 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of glass is 0.55 Btu/hr-ft-F.
16
ho, 2 =
1
1 = 0.88 Btu/hr-ft-F
0.55 1.46
R
FM
1 1
U hi
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 2 can be calculated by:
N2 = 0.55 / 0.88 = 0.625
Using Eq. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the glazing system is
N = [163.4*(0.1375*0.1924+0.625*0.12) +
57.5*(0.1375*0.19+0.625*0.11)] / 220.9
= 0.100
The solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is the same as the previous
problem, and is equal to 127.80 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-40, the total absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration
system is
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129
7-32 (Cont.)
M
R
FM
16
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M16FMR
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Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108
of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 8
M
8-1
R
FM
16
a) The heat gain is generally greater than the cooling load during the
morning hours when sunlight first strikes a building and the internal
loads first begin. Heat is being stored in the building structure,
furnishings, etc.
b) Late at night when occupants are not present, lights and equipment are
off and solar radiation is zero, the building gives up stored heat to the
air, which the equipment removes as cooling load. The heat gain may
be quite small, zero, or negative.
c) At some time during the day, probably early evening, as heat gain is
decreasing, and equilibrium condition can be established when heat
gain and cooling load are equal. Or, some interior zones, where the
cooling load is driven only by internal heat gains may reach equilibrium if
the heat gain remains constant for a number of hours.
8-2
8-3
Outdoor
DB, F
91
Outdoor
WB, F
76
Indoor
DB, F
75
Indoor
RH, %
50
Elevation, ft
30
Latitude,
N
36.90
M16FMR
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131
Pendleton, OR
Casper, WY
Shreveport, LA
93
89
95
63
58
77
75
75
75
50
50
50
1496
5289
259
45.68
52.92
32.47
8-4
Select materials; some may need to be entered into the layer library. The
resulting wall construction appears as shown here. (Note that not
everything is specified exactly, so that a student using a density of 120
lb/ft3 for brick will get a different set of CTF coefficients.)
R
FM
16
After running the HvacLoadExplorer program in execute for room mode, we
obtain the following CTF coefficients for this wall.
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
0.000445
Zn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
0.642344
Xn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
4.276507
-5.36497
0.011581
-0.98287
0.638772
1.141149
0.011845
0.376555
-0.02179
-0.02759
0.001134
-0.01101
-7.7E-05
0.000017
-5E-06
8-5
This problem is solved in the same way as Problem 8-4, except that the R13 insulation is changed to 5.5 thick R-19 insulation.
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132
Zn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
0.644513
Xn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
4.277384
-5.95084
0.004622
-1.08666
0.779066
1.847897
0.008936
0.510931
-0.10021
-0.16027
0.001835
-0.05401
0.001435
0.001331
0.00004
0.000734
8-6
R
FM
16
Again, this problem follows the procedure of the last two problems. The
thickness of the roll roofing must be estimated, and the conductivity chosen
to match the overall conductance. (k=thickness*conductance)
M16FMR
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133
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
0.006092
Zn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
0.644513
Xn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
1.014657
-1.09939
0.029838
-0.6816
0.150594
0.126521
0.006044
0.079104
0.000256
0.000071
0.00003
M
8-7
R
FM
16
In this case, a reasonable value for the resistance of the air-space must be
selected. For the air-space, an R-value of 1 is chosen; thus conductivity is
set to 12 Btu-in/hr- ft2- F, and the thickness is set to 12 in. Density and Cp
are set to zero and 0.24, respectively.
Zn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
0.654471
Xn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
1.014651
-1.12785
0.027234
-0.71129
0.178159
0.151609
0.00674
0.095526
0.000351
0.000106
0.000053
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134
8-8
Again, reasonable values must be assumed for the density of the
acoustical tile and the specific heat of the limestone concrete.
M
16
The following CTF coefficients are obtained:
Zn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
0.285116
-3.76069
0.01895
-0.38995
0.710366
0.633425
0.007779
0.137459
-0.01912
-0.00642
0.000149
-0.00352
8-9
R
FM
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
0.002232
Xn,
Btu/h-ft2-F
3.162792
First, apply the exterior convective heat transfer correlation, Equation 818a, to determine hc. Assume the 15 mph wind is windward on the surface,
which results in hc = 2.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F).
Estimate the sky temperature as 10.8 R below the outdoor ambient
temperature = 546.87 R. Then estimate the effective sky temperature for a
vertical surface from Equation 8-25
tsky, = cos (90/2)tsky +(1-cos(90/2))to = 550.0 R
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135
Make an initial guess at the surface temperature, say 120 F = 579.67 R,
and determine the surface-to-sky and surface-to-ground radiation
coefficients from Eqns. 8-22 and 8-23:
hr,sky= 0.556 Btu/(h-ft2-F) hr,grd= 0.568 Btu/(h-ft2-F)
Then, use Equation 8-29 to determine a new and better estimate of the
exterior surface temperature:
tos= 146.96 F
16
R
FM
This problem follows the same solution approach as Problem 8-9, except
that, first, the solar irradiation must be determined for each hour, and
second, the heat balance must be performed for each hour. The solar
irradiation is obtained in the same manner as the solution for Problem 7-17.
Input Data
Longitude
106.62
Standard Meridian
105
EOT
-6.2
Latitude
35.05
deg
deg
min
deg
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136
Declination
Surf Azimuth
Surf Tilt
A
B
C
CN
RHOG
20.6
270
90
346.4
0.186
0.138
1
0.2
M
MDST
LST
h,
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
Output Data
GND*
G D*
G d*
G R*
G t*
356.41
13.26
28.82
42.20
53.39
62.87
71.22
79.02
86.89
95.77
107.55
127.34
168.24
218.87
245.60
259.78
269.56
277.71
285.45
293.49
302.43
312.83
325.24
339.93
86.41
256.74
241.18
227.80
216.61
207.13
198.78
190.98
183.11
174.23
162.45
142.66
101.76
51.13
24.40
10.22
0.44
7.71
15.45
23.49
32.43
42.83
55.24
69.93
87.03
101.06
114.99
128.63
141.58
152.80
159.17
156.37
146.65
134.23
120.81
106.97
92.97
78.94
65.01
51.37
38.42
27.20
20.83
23.63
33.35
45.77
59.19
73.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
108.07
206.38
246.69
266.87
277.85
283.62
285.80
284.93
280.80
272.32
256.78
227.20
161.85
5.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
54.68
118.63
170.01
201.20
202.07
151.27
5.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.71
12.82
15.32
16.57
17.25
17.61
20.83
25.38
30.63
35.51
38.43
37.19
27.51
0.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.22
10.26
16.92
22.71
27.27
30.29
31.59
31.06
28.75
24.81
19.50
13.16
6.19
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.93
23.08
32.24
39.29
44.53
47.91
52.42
111.11
178.01
230.32
259.13
252.42
184.97
6.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
R
FM
16
1.00
23.79 176.83 -34.27
2.00
0.79 -168.17 -33.23
3.00
1.79 -153.17 -28.80
4.00
2.79 -138.17 -21.65
5.00
3.79 -123.17 -12.54
6.00
4.79 -108.17
-2.11
7.00
5.79
-93.17
9.19
8.00
6.79
-78.17
21.05
9.00
7.79
-63.17
33.22
10.00
8.79
-48.17
45.49
11.00
9.79
-33.17
57.51
12.00 10.79 -18.17
68.46
75.28
13.00 11.79
-3.17
14.00 12.79
11.83
72.19
15.00 13.79
26.83
62.36
16.00 14.79
41.83
50.63
17.00 15.79
56.83
38.41
18.00 16.79
71.83
26.17
19.00 17.79
86.83
14.15
20.00 18.79 101.83
2.58
21.00 19.79 116.83
-8.27
22.00 20.79 131.83 -18.00
23.00 21.79 146.83 -26.06
24.00 22.79 161.83 -31.74
*Unit of Irradiation is Btu/hr-ft
U-Value
Solar absorptivity
Thermal emissivity
Input Data
0.1
0.8
0.9
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
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137
Tis
Peak temperature
Daily Range
Mean Wind Speed
72.0
96.0
25.4
10.0
F
F
F
mph
Output Data
Outdoor
Effective
hc
hrsky
hrgrd
Local
Sky
Tos,
Clock
Dry-bulb
Sky
Solar
estimated (Btu/(h- (Btu/(h (Btu/(hTemp.
Time
Temp.
Temp.
(F)
ft2-F)) -ft2-F)) ft2-F))
Time
(F)
(F)
(F)
23.79
0.79
1.79
2.79
3.79
4.79
5.79
6.79
7.79
8.79
9.79
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
17.79
18.79
19.79
20.79
21.79
22.79
75.2
73.9
72.6
71.6
70.9
70.6
71.1
72.4
74.7
78.0
81.8
86.1
90.2
93.2
95.2
96.0
95.2
93.5
90.7
87.4
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
64.4
63.1
61.8
60.8
60.1
59.8
60.3
61.6
63.9
67.2
71.0
75.3
79.4
82.4
84.4
85.2
84.4
82.7
79.9
76.6
73.3
70.5
67.9
65.9
67.5
66.3
65.0
64.0
63.2
63.0
63.5
64.7
67.0
70.3
74.1
78.5
82.5
85.6
87.6
88.4
87.6
85.8
83.0
79.7
76.4
73.6
71.1
69.1
74.60
73.15
71.94
70.72
69.75
69.03
69.18
74.55
78.99
83.53
88.42
93.24
98.33
109.05
131.23
148.77
159.92
162.49
153.00
118.72
84.81
81.65
78.97
76.55
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.61
1.62
1.62
1.62
1.62
1.60
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
0.46
0.46
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.53
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.60
0.54
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.47
8-11
0.47
0.47
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.54
0.58
0.61
0.63
0.63
0.61
0.55
0.50
0.49
0.48
0.48
73.14
71.93
70.72
69.75
69.02
68.78
72.34
77.55
82.47
87.66
92.76
97.77
102.84
122.43
142.11
155.98
162.15
158.51
138.39
86.48
81.63
78.96
76.54
74.60
0.11
-0.01
-0.13
-0.23
-0.30
-0.32
0.03
0.56
1.05
1.57
2.08
2.58
3.08
5.04
7.01
8.40
9.02
8.65
6.64
1.45
0.96
0.70
0.45
0.26
R
FM
16
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
Tos,
q
calculated conduction
(Btu/(hfrom 8-24
ft2))
(F)
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
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138
Surf Azimuth
Surf Tilt
A
B
C
CN
RHOG
180
90
346.4
0.186
0.138
1
0.2
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
Output Data
M
MDST
LST
h,
GND*
G D*
G d*
G R*
G t*
346.83
2.32
17.66
31.94
44.76
56.15
66.47
76.20
85.92
96.42
108.99
125.92
151.07
185.34
217.50
239.78
255.07
266.84
277.01
286.67
296.51
307.11
318.90
332.16
166.83
177.68
162.34
148.06
135.24
123.85
113.53
103.80
94.08
83.58
71.01
54.08
28.93
5.34
37.50
59.78
75.07
86.84
97.01
106.67
116.51
127.11
138.90
152.16
152.14
154.11
150.59
143.20
133.87
123.75
113.42
103.29
93.66
84.88
77.37
71.58
68.02
67.06
68.82
73.09
79.44
87.38
96.45
106.26
116.49
126.80
136.76
145.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
46.47
173.45
227.72
254.61
269.45
277.79
281.98
283.00
281.09
275.81
265.88
248.28
215.64
146.49
3.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.70
58.92
87.76
105.54
110.30
101.56
80.22
48.70
11.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.89
10.77
16.45
20.78
24.56
27.57
29.47
29.99
29.04
26.78
23.50
19.55
15.02
9.10
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.07
7.06
13.24
18.90
23.67
27.24
29.38
29.95
28.90
26.32
22.36
17.29
11.44
5.19
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.96
17.83
29.69
62.38
107.15
142.58
164.39
170.24
159.50
133.31
94.57
48.18
26.46
14.28
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
U-Value
Solar absorptivity
Thermal emissivity
Tis
Peak temperature
Daily Range
Mean Wind Speed
R
FM
16
1.00
23.15 167.23 -24.77
2.00
0.15 -177.77 -25.80
3.00
1.15 -162.77 -23.91
4.00
2.15 -147.77 -19.34
5.00
3.15 -132.77 -12.59
6.00
4.15 -117.77
-4.21
5.31
7.00
5.15 -102.77
8.00
6.15
-87.77
15.60
9.00
7.15
-72.77
26.32
10.00
8.15
-57.77
37.17
11.00
9.15
-42.77
47.76
12.00 10.15 -27.77
57.42
13.00 11.15 -12.77
64.68
14.00 12.15
2.23
66.95
15.00 13.15
17.23
62.91
16.00 14.15
32.23
54.71
17.00 15.15
47.23
44.67
18.00 16.15
62.23
33.95
77.23
23.10
19.00 17.15
92.23
12.48
20.00 18.15
2.38
21.00 19.15 107.23
-6.85
22.00 20.15 122.23
23.00 21.15 137.23 -14.79
24.00 22.15 152.23 -20.95
*Unit of Irradiation is Btu/hr-ft
Input Data
0.1
0.9
0.9
72.0
96.0
30.3
11.0
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
F
F
F
mph
Output Data
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139
Outdoor
Effective
Local
Sky
Tos,
hc
hrsky
hrgrd
Clock
Sky
Dry-bulb
Solar
estimated (Btu/(h- (Btu/(h (Btu/(hTemp.
Temp.
Temp.
Time
(F)
(F)
ft2-F)) -ft2-F)) ft2-F))
Time
(F)
(F)
23.15
0.15
1.15
2.15
3.15
4.15
5.15
6.15
7.15
8.15
9.15
10.15
11.15
12.15
13.15
14.15
15.15
16.15
17.15
18.15
19.15
20.15
21.15
22.15
73.0
71.2
69.6
68.1
66.9
66.0
65.7
66.3
67.8
70.5
74.5
79.0
84.2
89.0
92.7
95.1
96.0
95.1
93.0
89.6
85.7
81.8
78.4
75.4
62.2
60.4
58.8
57.3
56.1
55.2
54.9
55.5
57.0
59.7
63.7
68.2
73.4
78.2
81.9
84.3
85.2
84.3
82.2
78.8
74.9
71.0
67.6
64.6
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
71.15
69.41
67.96
66.51
65.35
64.48
64.19
68.60
74.15
81.31
99.67
116.02
129.01
137.21
139.67
136.52
127.91
114.37
100.24
93.64
85.63
79.56
76.37
73.47
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.58
0.57
0.54
0.52
0.51
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.46
8-12
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.59
0.58
0.55
0.53
0.52
0.50
0.49
0.48
0.47
71.15
69.41
67.96
66.51
65.35
64.48
65.51
70.67
75.96
89.08
106.51
121.05
131.75
137.47
137.47
132.07
121.67
107.09
98.57
91.61
83.43
79.56
76.37
73.47
-0.09
-0.26
-0.40
-0.55
-0.67
-0.75
-0.65
-0.13
0.40
1.71
3.45
4.90
5.97
6.55
6.55
6.01
4.97
3.51
2.66
1.96
1.14
0.76
0.44
0.15
R
FM
16
65.3
63.5
62.0
60.5
59.3
58.4
58.1
58.7
60.2
62.9
66.9
71.4
76.5
81.4
85.0
87.5
88.4
87.5
85.3
82.0
78.1
74.1
70.8
67.8
Tos,
q
calculated conduction
(Btu/(hfrom 8-24
ft2))
(F)
This problem is solved in the same manner as Example 8-2. The results
(conduction heat fluxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2)) may be summarized in
tabular form as:
Hour
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.312
0.463
0.508
0.494
0.454
0.410
0.387
0.402
0.473
1.126
0.954
0.804
0.673
0.561
0.475
0.426
0.426
0.487
1.126
0.954
0.804
0.673
0.561
0.475
0.426
0.426
0.487
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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140
0.612
0.820
1.089
1.399
1.715
1.998
2.223
2.362
2.405
2.352
2.215
2.016
1.786
1.551
1.327
0.620
0.825
1.092
1.401
1.716
1.999
2.223
2.362
2.405
2.353
2.215
2.016
1.786
1.551
1.327
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
0.620
0.825
1.092
1.401
1.716
1.999
2.223
2.362
2.405
2.353
2.215
2.016
1.786
1.551
1.327
8-13
16
This problem is solved in the same way as the previous problem. Note that
the additional insulation substantially reduces the conduction heat flux, as
expected. The results (conduction heat fluxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2))
may be summarized in tabular form as:
Day 1
0.203
0.329
0.379
0.380
0.356
0.323
0.298
0.296
0.328
0.407
0.535
0.711
0.925
1.154
1.373
1.559
1.691
1.757
1.754
1.685
1.562
1.406
R
FM
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Day 2
0.915
0.778
0.659
0.554
0.464
0.390
0.340
0.322
0.344
0.417
0.542
0.715
0.927
1.156
1.374
1.559
1.692
1.758
1.754
1.685
1.562
1.406
Day 3
0.915
0.778
0.659
0.554
0.464
0.390
0.340
0.322
0.344
0.417
0.542
0.715
0.927
1.156
1.374
1.559
1.692
1.758
1.754
1.685
1.562
1.406
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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141
23
24
1.237
1.070
1.237
1.070
1.237
1.070
8-14
The solution to this problem is similar to that of Problem 8-9, except that to
estimate the maximum possible surface temperature, the surface may be
assumed to be adiabatic, and U is then zero. Also, the surface-to-ground
radiation coefficient is zero, and no correction is necessary for the sky
temperature, as the surface is assumed to be horizontal. Assume the wind
is windward, hc= 1.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F). Then, the final converged answer for the
surface temperature is:
8-15
16
tos= 201.0 F
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are Seated, very light work
have 245 Btu/hr (72 W) sensible heat gain, and 155 Btu/hr (45 W) latent
heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70% radiative/ 30%
convective.
R
FM
The sensible heat gain from lighting is 1.5 W/ft2 x 4000 sq. ft. = 6000 W;
20% is assumed to enter the plenum space directly, leaving 4800 W which
is assumed to be 59% radiative / 41% convective.
The radiative portion is 0.59 x 4800 = 2832 W.
The sensible heat gain from equipment is 1 W/ft2 x 4000 sq. ft. = 4000 W,
which is assumed to be 20% radiative / 80% convective. (Note this
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142
assumption is based on the assumption that most of the equipment is fancooled. Students are likely to make varying assumptions.)
The radiative portion is 0.2 x 4000 = 800 W.
The convective portion is 0.8 x 4000 = 3200 W.
16
The total latent heat gain is 1350 W.
8-16
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are involved in Sedentary
work is 275 Btu/hr (81 W) sensible heat gain, and 275 Btu/hr (81 W) latent
heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70% radiative/ 30%
convective.
R
FM
The sensible heat gain from lighting is 15 W/m2 x 750 m2 = 11250 W; 50%
is assumed to enter the plenum space directly, leaving 5625 W that is
assumed to be 59% radiative / 41% convective.
The radiative portion is 0.59 x 5625 = 3319 W.
The sensible heat gain from office equipment is 7000 W, which is assumed
to be 20% radiative / 80% convective. (Note this assumption is based on
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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143
the assumption that most of the equipment is fan-cooled. Students are
likely to make varying assumptions.)
The radiative portion is 0.2 x 7000 = 1400 W.
The convective portion is 0.8 x 7000 = 5600 W.
The total sensible heat gain is 2835 + 5625 + 7000 = 15460 W.
16
8-17
Problem 8-18
R
FM
At 4:00 p.m., 70 people are present. Assuming seated, light office work,
the sensible heat gain per person is 245 Btu/hr (72 W) and the latent heat
gain per person is 200 Btu/hr (59 W).
Sensible heat gain = 245 Btu/hr/person x 70 people = 17150 Btu/hr.
Latent heat gain = 200 Btu/hr/person x 70 people = 14000 Btu/hr.
At 6:00 p.m., no one is present; sensible and latent heat gains are 0 Btu/hr.
8-19
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144
First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using
Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Results are shown in the shaded table entries,
below.
1
2
3
4
5
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
A-
575.8
575.8
75.6
75.6
1058.4
T(F)
122
143
102
92
95
A- -T
70241.8
82332.6
7711.2
6955.2
100548.0
Af
1983.7
1983.7
2539.4
2539.4
1447.4
f
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Tfv(F)
110.6
103.9
113.8
114.1
128.4
16
Then, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer
coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the
radiative heat flux from each surface (qrad), then determine the radiative
heat transfer from each surface (Qrad). Then, compute the total radiative
heat transfer from all surfaces = -69,769.5 Btu/hr. Divide by the total
surface area, 2623.4 ft2, to get the balancing factor, -26.6 Btu/(hr-ft2), which
must be subtracted from the previously calculated heat flux from each
surface to determine the balanced radiation heat flux from each surface
(qrad/bal). Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from
each surface (Qrad/bal). Check to see that they now sum to zero.
Fif
North roof
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
0.872
0.872
0.897
0.897
0.832
8-20
qrad
(Btu/
(hr-ft2))
129.7
463.7
-132.6
-242.5
-355.3
Qrad
(Btu/hr)
qrad/bal
Qrad/bal
(Btu/
(Btu/hr)
2
(hr-ft ))
156.3 99964.1
490.3 313637.9
-106.0 -8906.1
-215.9 -18134.2
-328.7 -386561.8
R
FM
1
2
3
4
5
Surface
Tavg (R)
hri
576.0
583.1
567.6
562.7
571.4
11.4
11.9
11.2
11.0
10.6
82950.9
296624.7
-11140.0
-20368.1
-417837.0
Surface
1
North roof
Area
(m2)
120.7
A-
T(C)
A- -T
Af
Tf (C)
0.9
108.7
43
4672.9
372.7
0.9
38.3
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145
2
3
4
5
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
120.7
18.0
18.0
216.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
108.7
16.2
16.2
194.4
50
36
38
32
5433.6
583.2
615.6
6220.8
372.7
475.5
475.5
277.5
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
36.0
39.6
39.5
45.3
Then, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer
coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the
radiative heat flux from each surface (qrad), then determine the radiative
heat transfer from each surface (Qrad). Then, compute the total radiative
heat transfer from all surfaces = -3027.9 W. Divide by the total surface
area, 493.5 m2, to get the balancing factor, -6.1 W/m2, which must be
subtracted from the previously calculated heat flux from each surface to
determine the balanced radiation heat flux from each surface (qrad/bal).
Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from each
surface (Qrad/bal). Check to see that they now sum to zero.
16
1
2
3
4
5
Surface
Fif
Tavg (K)
hri
North roof
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
0.872
0.872
0.897
0.897
0.835
313.8
316.2
310.9
311.9
311.8
6.1
6.3
6.1
6.2
5.7
R
FM
8-21
qrad/bal Qrad/bal
qrad
Qrad (W)
(W/m2)
(W/m2)
(W)
28.6
3459.0
34.8
4199.9
87.2
10534.5
93.4
11275.4
-22.0
-395.4
-15.8
-285.0
-9.4
-168.4
-3.2
-58.0
-76.2 -16457.6 -70.1 -15132.3
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.9
0.9
A-
64.0
64.0
75.6
75.6
1058.4
T(F)
122
143
102
92
95
A- -T
7804.6
9148.1
7711.2
6955.2
100548.0
Af
1983.7
1983.7
2539.4
2539.4
1447.4
f
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.2
Tfv(F)
97.6
96.6
98.6
99.2
113.3
The total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces = -3476.1 Btu/hr. The
balancing factor is -1. 3 Btu/(hr-ft2).
Surface
Fif
Tavg (R)
hri
qrad
(Btu/
Qrad
(Btu/hr)
qrad/bal
(Btu/
Qrad/bal
(Btu/hr)
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146
1
2
3
4
5
North roof
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
0.098
0.098
0.874
0.874
0.222
569.5
579.5
560.0
555.3
563.8
1.2
1.3
10.5
10.3
2.7
(hr-ft2))
(hr-ft2))
30.3
19378.4
31.6
20226.0
60.8
38903.3
62.1
39751.0
35.5
2984.3
36.9
3095.6
-74.1
-6220.9
-72.7
-6109.6
-49.8 -58521.2 -48.4 -56963.0
Note that the radiative heat fluxes from surfaces 1 and 2, and to surface 5
are significantly lower. (The heat flux incident on surface 5 has been
reduced by 85%.) The catch is that in real life, everything else does not
remain the same. In particular, the temperatures would change
significantly.
16
8-22
North roof
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
A-
T(C)
A- -T
Af
Tf (C)
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.9
0.9
12.1
12.1
16.2
16.2
194.4
43
50
36
38
32
519.2
603.7
583.2
615.6
6220.8
372.7
372.7
475.5
475.5
277.5
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.2
33.6
33.2
33.9
33.8
41.1
R
FM
1
2
3
4
5
Area
(m2)
120.7
120.7
18.0
18.0
216.0
The total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces = -341.5 W. The
balancing factor is -0.7 W/m2.
1
2
3
4
5
8-23
Surface
Fif
North roof
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
0.098
0.098
0.870
0.870
0.241
Tavg (K)
hri
311.4
314.8
308.1
309.0
309.7
0.7
0.7
5.8
5.8
1.6
qrad
(W/m2)
6.3
11.7
12.1
24.6
-14.7
Qrad (W)
765.2
1407.1
217.6
443.7
-3175.0
qrad/bal
(W/m2)
7.0
12.3
12.8
25.3
-14.0
Qrad/bal
(W)
848.7
1490.7
230.0
456.1
-3025.6
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147
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8.
Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the Sloping 45
degrees surface position. A more sophisticated approach would involve
interpolation. The results are summarized below.
Surface
T(F)
North roof
639.7
122
South roof
639.7
143
3
4
5
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
84.0
84.0
1176.0
102
92
95
Surface
Position
Sloping 45 degrees
Sloping 45 degrees
Vertical
Vertical
Horizontal
q"convection
Direction of
hc
Heat Flow (Btu/(hr-ft2-F)) (Btu/(hr-ft2))
Downward
0.42
15.54
Downward
0.42
24.36
Horizontal
Horizontal
Downward
0.56
0.56
0.18
9.52
3.92
1.80
16
8-24
Area (ft2)
R
FM
Surface
Area (m2)
T(C)
North roof
120.7
43
South roof
120.7
50
3
4
5
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
18.0
18.0
216.0
36
38
32
Surface
Position
Sloping 45 degrees
Sloping 45 degrees
Vertical
Vertical
Horizontal
Direction of
Heat Flow
hc
(W/m2-K)
q"convection
(W/m2)
Downward
2.39
33.46
Downward
2.39
50.19
Horizontal
Horizontal
Downward
3.18
3.18
1.02
22.26
28.62
3.06
8-25
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148
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as
the solution for Problem 7-17. The following tables show results for the
west-facing window.
Input Data
Longitude
101.7
Standard Meridian
90
EOT
-6.2
Latitude
35.23
Declination
20.6
Surf Azimuth
270
Surf Tilt
90
A
346.4
B
0.186
C
0.138
CN
1
0.2
RHOG
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
16
Output Data
CDST
LST
h,
GND*
G D*
G d*
G R*
G t*
15.00
13.12
16.75
69.25
229.59
40.41
74.35
283.92
76.59
27.06
30.47
134.12
The layer absorptances of the double-pane window with 1/8 in. sheet glass
(ID5a) can be found from Table 7-3 as:
R
FM
8-26
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149
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as
the solution for Problem 7-17. The following tables show results for the
west-facing window.
Input Data
Longitude
108.53
Standard Meridian
105
EOT
-6.2
Latitude
45.8
Declination
20.6
Surf Azimuth
270
Surf Tilt
90
A
346.4
B
0.186
C
0.138
CN
1
0.2
RHOG
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
16
Output Data
MDST
LST
h,
GND*
G D*
G d*
G R*
G t*
15.00
13.66
24.92
57.57
227.35
42.65
66.77
277.89
109.60
29.57
27.29
166.46
The layer absorptances of the double-pane window with 1/8 in. sheet glass
(ID5a) can be found from Table 7-3 as:
R
FM
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150
The RTS method is used to obtain the cooling load results for this problem.
The following table shows total cooling loads and cooling loads due to
window heat gains for both low-e and regular double-pane windows. All
cooling loads due to other heat gains are the same as those shown in
Example 8-16.
Low-E Windows
(from Example 8-16)
Window
Window
Total
Conduction
SHG
(Btu/hr)
(Btu/hr)
(Btu/hr)
Hour
186
146
110
79
58
52
61
92
145
215
300
389
469
533
577
593
585
553
503
444
386
327
274
228
364
299
246
203
167
138
254
465
710
978
1247
1492
1694
1833
1897
1881
1787
1624
1391
1089
839
674
546
445
4418
3843
3352
2940
2623
2419
2465
2737
8190
9562
10883
12143
13275
14250
15007
15486
15701
10635
9550
8460
7477
6588
5777
5057
Window
Conduction
(Btu/hr)
Window
SHG
(Btu/hr)
Total
(Btu/hr)
228
179
135
97
72
63
75
112
178
263
368
477
574
654
707
726
717
677
616
544
472
401
336
279
420
345
284
234
193
159
293
537
820
1129
1437
1720
1951
2111
2185
2167
2060
1873
1604
1256
968
777
629
513
4516
3921
3414
2989
2662
2452
2518
2829
8333
9761
11141
12458
13637
14648
15425
15905
16105
11008
9877
8727
7692
6765
5922
5176
R
FM
16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Regular Windows
As shown in the above table, using the regular window would result in
slightly higher cooling loads than using the low-e window. The following
figure illustrates the increase in cooling loads due to changing the type of
window from the low-e window to the regular window.
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151
15000
12000
18000
Low-E
9000
Regular
6000
3000
16
0
10
13
16
19
22
Time , Hour
8-29
R
FM
First, the solar irradiation must be determined and is the same as that
shown for Problem 8-10. Then, the hourly dry bulb temperature is
calculated using Equation 8-2. Here, the hour nearest to the local solar
time has been used to determine the temperature. Finally, the sol-air
temperature is calculated using Equation 8-63 with the thermal radiation
correction term being zero for a vertical surface.
Clock Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Local
Solar
Time
23.79
0.79
1.79
2.79
3.79
4.79
Insolation
(Btu/hft2)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Outdoor
Drybulb
Temp (F)
75.2
73.9
72.6
71.6
70.9
70.6
Sol-air
Temp
(F)
75.2
73.9
72.6
71.6
70.9
70.6
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152
5.79
6.79
7.79
8.79
9.79
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
17.79
18.79
19.79
20.79
21.79
22.79
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
71.1
72.4
74.7
78.0
81.8
86.1
90.2
93.2
95.2
96.0
95.2
93.5
90.7
87.4
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
73.1
77.0
81.1
85.8
90.7
95.7
100.6
115.4
130.8
142.1
147.1
143.9
127.7
88.6
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
16
8-31
9.93
23.08
32.24
39.29
44.53
47.91
52.42
111.11
178.01
230.32
259.13
252.42
184.97
6.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-30. Note
that the solar irradiation is the same as that shown for Problem 8-11.
Local
Solar
Time
23.15
0.15
1.15
2.15
3.15
4.15
5.15
6.15
7.15
8.15
9.15
10.15
11.15
12.15
13.15
14.15
15.15
16.15
17.15
18.15
19.15
20.15
Insolation
(Btu/h-ft2)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.96
17.83
29.69
62.38
107.15
142.58
164.39
170.24
159.50
133.31
94.57
48.18
26.46
14.28
0.32
0.00
Outdoor
Drybulb
Temp (F)
73.0
71.2
69.6
68.1
66.9
66.0
65.7
66.3
67.8
70.5
74.5
79.0
84.2
89.0
92.7
95.1
96.0
95.1
93.0
89.6
85.7
81.8
Sol-air
Temp (F)
73.0
71.2
69.6
68.1
66.9
66.0
66.3
69.0
72.3
79.9
90.6
100.4
108.8
114.6
116.6
115.1
110.2
102.3
96.9
91.8
85.7
81.8
R
FM
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
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153
23.00
24.00
21.15
22.15
0.00
0.00
78.4
75.4
78.4
75.4
8-32
This problem uses the similar solution procedure as Problem 8-30. First,
the solar irradiation is determined for the flat roof using the procedure
described in Chapter 7. The results are shown below.
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
16
Input Data
Longitude
106.62
105
Standard Meridian
EOT
-6.2
Latitude
35.05
20.6
Declination
0
Surf Azimuth
0
Surf Tilt
Apar
346.4
Bpar
0.186
Cpar
0.138
CN
1
RHOG
0.2
Output Data
LST
h,
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
23.79
0.79
1.79
2.79
3.79
4.79
5.79
6.79
7.79
8.79
9.79
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
17.79
18.79
19.79
20.79
21.79
176.83
-168.17
-153.17
-138.17
-123.17
-108.17
-93.17
-78.17
-63.17
-48.17
-33.17
-18.17
-3.17
11.83
26.83
41.83
56.83
71.83
86.83
101.83
116.83
131.83
146.83
-34.27
-33.23
-28.80
-21.65
-12.54
-2.11
9.19
21.05
33.22
45.49
57.51
68.46
75.28
72.19
62.36
50.63
38.41
26.17
14.15
2.58
-8.27
-18.00
-26.06
GND*
G D*
G d*
G R*
G t*
R
FM
MDST
356.41
13.26
28.82
42.20
53.39
62.87
71.22
79.02
86.89
95.77
107.55
127.34
168.24
218.87
245.60
259.78
269.56
277.71
285.45
293.49
302.43
312.83
325.24
356.41
13.26
28.82
42.20
53.39
62.87
71.22
79.02
86.89
95.77
107.55
127.34
168.24
218.87
245.60
259.78
269.56
277.71
285.45
293.49
302.43
312.83
325.24
124.27
123.23
118.80
111.65
102.54
92.11
80.81
68.95
56.78
44.51
32.49
21.54
14.72
17.81
27.64
39.37
51.59
63.83
75.85
87.42
98.27
108.00
116.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
108.07
206.38
246.69
266.87
277.85
283.62
285.80
284.93
280.80
272.32
256.78
227.20
161.85
5.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17.26
74.12
135.17
190.31
234.37
263.81
276.42
271.28
248.75
210.52
159.55
100.20
39.56
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.91
28.48
34.04
36.83
38.34
39.14
39.44
39.32
38.75
37.58
35.44
31.35
22.33
0.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
32.17
102.60
169.21
227.14
272.71
302.95
315.86
310.60
287.50
248.10
194.98
131.56
61.90
1.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
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154
24.00 22.79 161.83 -31.74
*Unit of Irradiation is Btu/hr-ft
339.93
339.93
121.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Then, the sol-air temperature is determined using Equation 8-63 with the
thermal radiation correction term being 7 F for a horizontal surface.
Local
Solar
Time
23.79
0.79
1.79
2.79
3.79
4.79
5.79
6.79
7.79
8.79
9.79
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
17.79
18.79
19.79
20.79
21.79
22.79
Outdoor
Drybulb
Temp (F)
75.2
73.9
72.6
71.6
70.9
70.6
71.1
72.4
74.7
78.0
81.8
86.1
90.2
93.2
95.2
96.0
95.2
93.5
90.7
87.4
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
Sol-air
Temp
(F)
68.2
66.9
65.6
64.6
63.9
63.6
70.5
85.9
101.5
116.4
129.3
139.7
146.3
148.3
145.7
138.6
127.2
112.8
96.0
80.6
77.1
74.3
71.7
69.7
8-33
R
FM
16
Clock Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
Insolation
(Btu/hft2)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
32.17
102.60
169.21
227.14
272.71
302.95
315.86
310.60
287.50
248.10
194.98
131.56
61.90
1.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
For hour 15, Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
qconduction = .0052 x (151.2-74) + .00144 x (138.1-74) +
.00645 x (120.3-74)
= 2.897 Btu/(hr-ft2)
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155
8-34
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour.
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
1.835
13
0.828
1.824
14
0.798
1.772
15
0.791
1.693
16
0.810
1.595
17
0.861
1.486
18
0.948
1.372
19
1.071
1.259
20
1.225
1.149
21
1.396
10
1.047
22
1.563
11
0.956
23
1.704
12
0.882
24
1.797
Hour
R
FM
16
8-35
For hour 12, Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
qconduction = 0.006192 x (143.9-72) + 0.044510 x (134.3-72) +
0.047321 x (121.4-72)
= 7.028 Btu/(hr-ft2)
8-36
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour.
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
Hour
0.674
13
0.401
14
0.199
15
2.012
0.051
16
2.409
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
1.050
1.544
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156
-0.058
17
2.694
-0.138
18
2.841
-0.197
19
2.834
-0.232
20
2.671
-0.209
21
2.361
10
-0.075
22
1.936
11
0.194
23
1.466
12
0.583
24
1.031
8-37
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour with
sol-air temperatures calculated in Problem 8-31.
16
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
3.492
13
-0.055
3.147
14
0.165
2.758
15
0.563
2.348
16
1.112
1.937
17
1.754
1.536
18
1.154
19
0.796
20
0.472
21
10
0.199
22
11
0.000
23
12
-0.098
24
R
FM
8-38
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
2.417
3.026
3.510
3.823
3.958
3.931
3.765
Using the simplified approach, the solution procedure is the same as that of
Problem 7-27. First, we need to know angle of incidence and solar
irradiation. Assuming a west-facing window, the incidence angle and solar
irradiation for Albuquerque, NM on a clear July 21 day at 3:00 pm solar
time are (see solution in Problem 8-10 for reference)
Angle of Incidence: = 65.0 deg.,
Direct Solar Irradiation: GD = 118.6 Btu/hr-ft,
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157
Diffuse Solar Irradiation: Gd + GR = 30.6 + 28.9 = 59.4 Btu/hr-ft
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 27.2 ft
and 4.8 ft, respectively.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system ID 5b
are
SHGGgD(65) = 0.515 and SHGGgd = 0.60.
16
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having
aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.48 Btu/hr-ft-F.
From Table 7-1, solar absorptance of the vinyl frame painted white is 0.26.
Assuming the window with no setback (Aframe = Asurf), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-31 as:
SHGGf = 0.26*(0.48/4.0) = 0.031.
R
FM
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq.
7-32 as:
8-39
This problem uses the same solution procedure as the previous problem.
Assuming a south-facing window, the incidence angle and solar irradiation
for Boise, ID on a clear July 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are (see solution
in Problem 8-11 for reference)
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158
The area of the glazing and of the frame is the same as that calculated in
Problem 8-38.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system ID 29a
are
SHGGgD(68.8) = 0.408 and SHGGgd = 0.57.
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, triple glazed window having
aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.44 Btu/hr-ft-F.
The outside surface conductance and solar absorptance of the frame are
assumed to be the same as those in Problem 8-38.
16
Assuming the window with no setback (Aframe = Asurf), the SHGC for the
frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-31 as:
SHGGf = 0.26*(0.44/4.0) = 0.029.
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq.
7-32 as:
R
FM
8-40
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 833 by the surface area, 800 ft2. Then, from Table 8-20, select the
radiative/convective split to be 63%/37%. Apply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the
radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the
radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
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159
Conduction
Heat Gain
(Btu/hr)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
5462.3
4899.6
4334.5
3796.4
3300.5
2854.1
2460.6
2123.8
1854.2
1673.6
1598.0
1629.0
1759.4
1983.0
2318.0
2803.7
3450.5
4215.9
5016.0
5741.3
6266.5
6473.8
6345.1
5971.2
2021.0
1812.8
1603.8
1404.7
1221.2
1056.0
910.4
785.8
686.1
619.2
591.3
602.7
651.0
733.7
857.6
1037.4
1276.7
1559.9
1855.9
2124.3
2318.6
2395.3
2347.7
2209.4
3441.2
3086.7
2730.7
2391.7
2079.3
1798.1
1550.2
1338.0
1168.2
1054.4
1006.7
1026.3
1108.4
1249.3
1460.3
1766.3
2173.8
2656.0
3160.1
3617.0
3947.9
4078.5
3997.4
3761.9
2903.7
2813.1
2702.9
2583.0
2460.2
2339.0
2222.4
2113.0
2014.0
1930.6
1868.0
1829.3
1815.8
1827.8
1868.9
1947.4
2068.9
2230.3
2419.2
2614.7
2789.4
2913.3
2969.4
2961.2
4924.7
4625.9
4306.7
3987.7
3681.4
3395.0
3132.9
2898.9
2700.1
2549.9
2459.2
2432.1
2466.8
2561.5
2726.6
2984.8
3345.5
3790.2
4275.2
4739.0
5108.0
5308.6
5317.1
5170.6
Hour
R
FM
16
Cooling Loads and Heat Gains
7000.0
6000.0
5000.0
4000.0
Cooling Load
3000.0
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
1
11 13
15 17 19 21
23
Hour
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160
8-41
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 835 by the surface area, 1000 ft2. Then, from Table 8-20, select the
radiative/convective split to be 84%/16%. Apply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the
radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the
radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
Conduction
Heat Gain
(Btu/hr)
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2227.2
1338.2
627.7
57.3
-397.4
-746.0
-935.8
-610.8
507.2
2313.5
4567.1
7028.4
9455.0
11609.7
13293.3
14350.1
14672.7
14222.5
13018.3
11142.9
8809.6
6593.1
4782.8
3353.1
356.4
214.1
100.4
9.2
-63.6
-119.4
-149.7
-97.7
81.2
370.2
730.7
1124.5
1512.8
1857.6
2126.9
2296.0
2347.6
2275.6
2082.9
1782.9
1409.5
1054.9
765.3
536.5
1870.8
1124.1
527.3
48.2
-333.8
-626.7
-786.0
-513.1
426.1
1943.3
3836.3
5903.8
7942.2
9752.2
11166.3
12054.1
12325.1
11946.9
10935.4
9360.0
7400.1
5538.2
4017.6
2816.6
4864.4
4530.5
4222.8
3938.6
3676.2
3436.0
3228.9
3120.5
3179.7
3417.1
3808.3
4316.0
4893.4
5486.8
6042.8
6511.5
6849.5
7024.8
7018.0
6824.5
6467.5
6042.8
5622.2
5228.0
5220.7
4744.6
4323.2
3947.7
3612.7
3316.7
3079.2
3022.8
3260.8
3787.2
4539.0
5440.6
6406.2
7344.4
8169.7
8807.6
9197.1
9300.4
9101.0
8607.3
7877.0
7097.7
6387.5
5764.5
R
FM
16
Hour
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161
Cooling Loads and Heat Gains
16000.0
12000.0
10000.0
14000.0
8000.0
6000.0
Cooling Load
4000.0
2000.0
16
0.0
-2000.0
11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
8-42
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Conduction
Heat Gain
(Btu/hr)
809.2
481.0
238.5
61.2
-69.3
-166.0
-237.0
-278.7
-250.9
-90.4
233.3
700.2
R
FM
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 836 by the surface area, 1200 ft2. Then, from Table 8-20, select the
radiative/convective split to be 84%/16%. Apply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the
radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the
radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
Convective
HG
129.5
77.0
38.2
9.8
-11.1
-26.6
-37.9
-44.6
-40.2
-14.5
37.3
112.0
Radiative
HG
679.7
404.1
200.4
51.4
-58.2
-139.5
-199.0
-234.1
-210.8
-75.9
196.0
588.2
Radiative
Cooling
Load
1203.0
1105.3
1018.3
941.3
872.8
811.4
756.2
707.9
674.0
667.9
699.7
771.3
Cooling
Load
1332.4
1182.3
1056.5
951.1
861.7
784.9
718.3
663.3
633.8
653.4
737.1
883.3
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162
1260.3
1852.6
2414.9
2890.5
3233.3
3409.7
3401.3
3205.0
2833.6
2323.3
1759.4
1237.6
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
201.6
296.4
386.4
462.5
517.3
545.6
544.2
512.8
453.4
371.7
281.5
198.0
1058.6
1556.2
2028.5
2428.0
2716.0
2864.2
2857.1
2692.2
2380.2
1951.6
1477.9
1039.6
877.1
1007.4
1149.7
1290.4
1416.6
1516.5
1580.7
1602.7
1579.7
1513.7
1417.5
1309.3
1078.8
1303.8
1536.1
1752.9
1933.9
2062.0
2124.9
2115.5
2033.0
1885.5
1699.0
1507.3
16
4000.0
3000.0
2500.0
2000.0
1500.0
Cooling Load
1000.0
500.0
0.0
-500.0
R
FM
3500.0
11 13
15 17 19 21
23
Hour
8-43
First, the hourly solar heat gains are determined using the same solution
procedure shown in Problem 8-38. The results are shown below. Note
that the solar irradiation on the window is the same as that shown in
Problem 8-10. Also, note that the calculated solar gain at 3:00 p.m. is
slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-38 due to rounding errors.
Input Data
Glass Area
Frame Area
27.2
4.8
ft
ft
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163
Diffuse SHGC
Angular SHGC - 0
Angular SHGC - 40
Angular SHGC - 50
Angular SHGC - 60
Angular SHGC - 70
Angular SHGC - 80
Frame SHGC
0.6
0.7
0.67
0.64
0.58
0.45
0.23
0.031
M
Inc.
Angle,
87.03
101.06
114.99
128.63
141.58
152.80
159.17
156.37
146.65
134.23
120.81
106.97
92.97
78.94
65.01
51.37
38.42
27.20
20.83
23.63
33.35
45.77
59.19
73.03
Output Data
Dir Irradiation,
Diff Irradiation,
Btu/hr-ft
Btu/hr-ft
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.93
23.08
0.00
0.00
32.24
0.00
39.29
0.00
44.53
0.00
47.91
0.00
52.42
54.68
56.44
118.63
59.38
170.01
60.32
201.20
57.93
202.07
50.35
151.27
33.70
5.07
1.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
R
FM
16
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
In the original RTS methodology, two types of radiant time factors were
utilized to convert solar heat gains into cooling loads. The Solar-RTS was
used to convert the beam transmitted solar gain while the Nonsolar-RTS
was used to convert all other solar gains. However, to simplify the
calculations, only one RTS (Nonsolar-RTS) is used in this edition. Since
the calculated solar heat gains include both transmitted and absorbed solar
gains, the recommended radiative and convective splits shown in Table 820 would not be applicable. For this problem, it is assumed that the
radiative fraction of the combined solar heat gain is about 0.9. Therefore,
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164
the radiative/convective split is 90%/10%. Then, apply the split to
determine the convective and radiative heat gains and apply Equation 8-67
to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. And,
finally, sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get
the cooling load.
Convective
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.4
38.0
53.1
64.7
73.3
78.9
86.3
131.4
265.7
394.0
465.7
459.5
339.3
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
147.2
342.0
477.9
582.3
660.0
710.1
777.0
1183.0
2391.3
3546.1
4191.4
4135.1
3054.1
100.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
141.0
91.6
59.8
39.2
25.9
17.2
87.6
215.2
339.6
450.5
543.8
615.8
687.3
932.5
1661.8
2566.6
3304.7
3630.8
3261.0
1624.6
912.1
549.4
343.2
218.7
Cooling
Load
141.0
91.6
59.8
39.2
25.9
17.2
103.9
253.2
392.7
515.2
617.1
694.7
773.6
1064.0
1927.5
2960.6
3770.4
4090.3
3600.4
1635.8
912.1
549.4
343.2
218.7
R
FM
16
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Solar
Heat Gain
(Btu/hr)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
163.5
380.0
531.0
647.0
733.3
789.0
863.3
1314.4
2657.1
3940.1
4657.1
4594.6
3393.4
111.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
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165
Cooling Loads and Heat Gains
5000.0
4000.0
3500.0
3000.0
4500.0
2500.0
Cooling Load
2000.0
1500.0
1000.0
500.0
16
0.0
11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
8-44
Input Data
Glass Area
Frame Area
Diffuse SHGC
Angular SHGC - 0
Angular SHGC - 40
Angular SHGC - 50
Angular SHGC - 60
Angular SHGC - 70
Angular SHGC - 80
Frame SHGC
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
Inc.
Angle,
152.14
154.11
150.59
R
FM
This problem uses the same solution procedures as Problem 8-43. Note
that the solar irradiation on the window is the same as that shown in
Problem 8-11. Also, note that the calculated solar gain at 3:00 p.m. is
slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-39 due to rounding errors.
The radiative/convective split of 90%/10% is also used for this problem.
27.2
4.8
0.57
0.68
0.65
0.62
0.54
0.39
0.18
0.029
ft
ft
Output Data
Dir Irrad, Btu/hr- Diff Irrad, Btu/hrft
ft
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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166
143.20
133.87
123.75
113.42
103.29
93.66
84.88
77.37
71.58
68.02
67.06
68.82
73.09
79.44
87.38
96.45
106.26
116.49
126.80
136.76
145.67
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
22.70
58.92
87.76
105.54
110.30
101.56
80.22
48.70
11.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
16
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.96
17.83
29.69
39.68
48.23
54.81
58.85
59.94
57.95
53.10
45.86
36.84
26.46
14.28
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
Convective
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.2
27.9
46.4
68.1
114.0
172.1
214.0
225.5
204.7
155.1
97.8
59.2
41.4
22.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
55.7
251.0
418.0
612.7
1025.8
1549.2
1926.2
2029.8
1842.1
1395.9
880.3
533.2
372.6
201.1
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
356.3
341.8
328.6
316.4
305.0
294.1
297.0
338.9
391.2
457.1
583.2
763.0
935.3
1046.5
1067.8
991.0
853.6
723.9
633.6
551.8
465.4
421.3
393.5
373.0
Cooling
Load
356.3
341.8
328.6
316.4
305.0
294.1
303.1
366.8
437.6
525.2
697.2
935.1
1149.3
1272.0
1272.4
1146.1
951.4
783.1
675.0
574.1
465.9
421.3
393.5
373.0
R
FM
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Solar
Heat Gain
(Btu/hr)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
61.9
278.9
464.4
680.7
1139.7
1721.4
2140.2
2255.4
2046.8
1551.0
978.1
592.5
413.9
223.4
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
61.91
278.89
464.39
680.73
1139.73
1721.36
2140.21
2255.35
2046.81
1551.04
978.15
592.46
413.94
223.45
4.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
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167
2000.0
2500.0
1500.0
1000.0
500.0
16
0.0
11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hour
8-45
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Internal
Heat Gain
(W)
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
200.0
R
FM
Hour
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
125.3
116.6
111.0
107.3
105.0
103.4
102.4
566.7
753.8
851.1
906.9
940.8
962.1
975.6
984.3
990.0
993.6
996.0
532.6
Cooling
Load
(W)
225.3
216.6
211.0
207.3
205.0
203.4
202.4
1566.7
1753.8
1851.1
1906.9
1940.8
1962.1
1975.6
1984.3
1990.0
1993.6
1996.0
632.6
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168
20
21
22
23
24
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
346.2
249.2
193.6
159.9
138.7
446.2
349.2
293.6
259.9
238.7
2000.0
1500.0
16
2500.0
1000.0
500.0
0.0
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Hour
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Internal
Heat Gain
(W)
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
R
FM
8-46
Convective
HG
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
Radiative
HG
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
405.1
392.9
381.7
371.2
361.3
352.1
343.3
518.9
562.8
590.6
612.3
630.8
647.1
661.9
Cooling
Load
(W)
505.1
492.9
481.7
471.2
461.3
452.1
443.3
1518.9
1562.8
1590.6
1612.3
1630.8
1647.1
1661.9
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169
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
675.5
688.2
700.0
711.1
537.6
495.7
469.9
449.9
433.2
418.4
1675.5
1688.2
1700.0
1711.1
637.6
595.7
569.9
549.9
533.2
518.4
16
2000.0
1500.0
1000.0
500.0
0.0
1
R
FM
2500.0
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Hour
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170
8-47
Comparison of LW and MW 1 Zone Responses
2500.0
1500.0
16
M
2000. 0
1000. 0
500.0
0.0
11 13 15 17 19 21 23
R
FM
Hour
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171
8-48
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to
Problem 8-15. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous. The
total convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the following
table. The latent cooling loads are equivalent to the latent heat gains
shown in the last column.
M
Name:
Radiative
Fraction:
People
Lighting
Equipment
0.7
0.59
0.2
Total
Total
Radiative
16
Heat
Gain
(W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
0
0
0
0
0
0
Heat Gain
(W)
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
Heat
Gain (W)
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
10960
10960
10960
10960
10960
10960
10960
10960
10960
10960
8800
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
Heat
Gain (W)
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
3632
800
800
800
800
800
800
Latent
from
People
Heat Gain
(W)
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
5816
5816
5816
5816
5816
5816
5816
5816
5816
5816
5168
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
Heat
Gain
(W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
1350
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R
FM
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Heat
Gain
(W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2160
2160
2160
2160
2160
2160
2160
2160
2160
2160
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Convective
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective
heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table 821, as shown in the next table.
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172
Convective
HG
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5168.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Internal
Heat Gain
(W)
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
8800.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
2218.4
2162.5
2110.6
2062.1
2016.7
1973.8
1933.3
2782.4
2996.1
3131.2
3237.5
3328.0
3408.1
3480.7
3547.6
3609.6
3667.7
3413.3
2799.1
2625.5
2512.4
2422.9
2346.8
2279.4
Cooling
Load
(W)
5418.4
5362.5
5310.6
5262.1
5216.7
5173.8
5133.3
8598.4
8812.1
8947.2
9053.5
9144.0
9224.1
9296.7
9363.6
9425.6
9483.7
8581.3
5999.1
5825.5
5712.4
5622.9
5546.8
5479.4
R
FM
16
Radiative
HG
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
3632.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
12000.0
10000.0
8000.0
6000.0
4000.0
2000.0
0.0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Hour
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173
8-49
Name:
Radiative
Fraction:
People
Lighting
Equipment
0.7
0.59
0.2
Total
Total
Radiative
16
Heat
Gain
(W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
0
0
0
0
0
0
Heat Gain
(W)
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
Heat
Gain (W)
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
15460
15460
15460
15460
15460
15460
15460
15460
15460
15460
12625
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
Heat
Gain (W)
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
4718.75
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
Latent
from
People
Heat Gain
(W)
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
7906.25
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
Heat
Gain
(W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R
FM
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Heat
Gain
(W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Convective
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective
heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table 821, as shown in the next table.
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174
Convective
HG
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
7906.3
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Internal
Heat Gain
(W)
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
12625.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
2888.2
2830.6
2777.5
2727.8
2680.7
2635.8
2592.7
3814.6
4292.6
4539.8
4694.4
4806.9
4897.4
4975.3
5045.3
5109.7
5170.2
4754.8
3825.2
3446.7
3246.7
3119.9
3027.2
2952.4
Cooling
Load
(W)
8488.2
8430.6
8377.5
8327.8
8280.7
8235.8
8192.7
12571.3
13049.3
13296.5
13451.2
13563.6
13654.2
13732.1
13802.0
13866.5
13926.9
12661.0
9425.2
9046.7
8846.7
8719.9
8627.2
8552.4
R
FM
16
Radiative
HG
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
4718.8
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
18000.0
16000.0
14000.0
12000.0
10000.0
8000.0
6000.0
4000.0
2000.0
0.0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Hour
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175
8-50
Heat gain to the space = 0.8 x 6000 W = 4800 W, assumed 59% radiative,
41% convective, from Table 8-20. The sensible loads are then determined
from the radiative and convective heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the
radiant time factors from Table 8-21, as shown below. There are no latent
cooling loads.
Convective
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
79.8
52.4
34.7
23.1
15.6
1473.9
2060.5
2365.5
2540.5
2646.7
2713.2
2755.6
2782.9
2800.5
2812.0
2819.5
2824.3
2827.5
1366.5
777.9
471.8
296.0
189.3
122.5
Cooling
Load
(W)
79.8
52.4
34.7
23.1
15.6
3441.9
4028.5
4333.5
4508.5
4614.7
4681.2
4723.6
4750.9
4768.5
4780.0
4787.5
4792.3
4795.5
1366.5
777.9
471.8
296.0
189.3
122.5
R
FM
16
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Internal
Heat Gain
(W)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
A plot showing the lighting heat gain and resulting cooling loads follows.
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176
Cooling Loads and Heat Gains
6000.0
4000.0
5000.0
3000.0
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
16
Hour
8-51
R
FM
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177
People
present
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
40
60
60
60
70
70
70
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Internal
Heat Gain
(W)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2880.0
2880.0
4320.0
4320.0
4320.0
5040.0
5040.0
5040.0
720.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2016.0
2016.0
3024.0
3024.0
3024.0
3528.0
3528.0
3528.0
504.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cooling
Load
(W)
20.6
12.5
7.8
5.0
3.4
2.5
2.0
1.6
1885.8
2348.5
3529.7
3889.8
4080.5
4655.9
4829.9
4922.8
2147.3
1010.7
552.7
309.2
175.8
101.1
58.8
34.6
Latent
heat
gain
(W)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2360
2360
3540
3540
3540
4130
4130
4130
590
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R
FM
16
Convective
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
864.0
864.0
1296.0
1296.0
1296.0
1512.0
1512.0
1512.0
216.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
20.6
12.5
7.8
5.0
3.4
2.5
2.0
1.6
1021.8
1484.5
2233.7
2593.8
2784.5
3143.9
3317.9
3410.8
1931.3
1010.7
552.7
309.2
175.8
101.1
58.8
34.6
6000.0
5000.0
4000.0
3000.0
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
1
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
Hour
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178
8-52
Solution to be provided by an instructor.
M
R
FM
16
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of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
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Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 9
M
9-1
16
F=
9-2
R
FM
F=
M16FMR
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185
So,
16
F=
R
FM
9-4
Load Profiles
180000
q uoc = ato + b
120,000 = a(20) + b
0 = a(60) + b
120,000 = (20 60)a
a = -3000; b = 180,000
q uoc = 180,000 3,000 to
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Outdoor Temp, F
Unoccupied
9-5
Occupied
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186
9-6
Group
II
III
IV
VI
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Shift 1
Shift 2
Friday
16
Saturday
10 12
Hour
16
20
24
II
III
IV
VI
Shift 1
Days in
ea. gp.
Total
Total
Shift 1
hrs in
hrs ea. gp ea. gp.
Frac. of
Shift 1
hrs ea. gp
Frac. of
hrs in
ea. gp.
R
FM
28
0.0
1.0
28
0.0
1.0
10
28
0.36
0.64
20
28
0.71
0.29
20
28
0.71
0.29
20
28
0.71
0.29
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187
9-6 (Cont.)
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bin.
Temp.
62
57
52
47
42
37
32
27
22
17
12
R
FM
16
9-7
Shift 1 Shift 2
VI
hrs
hrs
69
267
375
58
255
346
86
296
388
87
232
337
99
247
420
75
199
422
66
157
347
28
72
157
22
58
113
11
22
73
1
2
16
Total: 1807 2994
The procedure is the same as Problem 9-6. Use appropriate bin data from
App. B in last step as per Table 9-3.
9-8
Refer to Example 9-2, insert shift hours of Problem 9-6 in column 2 and 3
of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
9-9
Reconstruct Table-9-3 for the appropriate city to obtain Shift A and Shift B
hours. Insert the hours in columns 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
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188
9-10
Reconstruct Table 9-3 using the shift hour fractions from Problem 9-6 and
bin hours and temperatures for the appropriate city. Insert the shift hours
in column 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and bin temperatures in column 1 and
recalculate.
9-11
16
Solution furnished by an instructor.
R
FM
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
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Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 10
M
10-1.
V12
V2
+ Z1 = P2 + 2 + Z2 + wp + A f; V 1 = V 2; Z1 = Z2
2
2
neglect ( A f)12; wp = -Hp g/g/c = -80 (ft lbf)/lbm
(a) P1 +
16
R
FM
62.4
62.4
P4 = P2 - Z4 ( A f)23 ( A f)34 = 54.7
x 25 -
(20 + 15) =
144
144
28.7 psig
(b) Neglecting the pump, the pressure or head required for this pipe is:
P = 28.7 - 20 psi or P = 8.7 psi
H 20.1 ft.
10-2.
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
190
H1 = 98.5 ft of water
P1 = 42.6 psig 294 kPa
20 x 12 = 240'
M
10-3.
H1 H2 = Hp + A f + Z2 = 0
16
10-4.
R
FM
H
1 + Z1
(a) H1 = a1 Q
2 + Z2
H2 = a2 Q
Series Connection
1= Q
2 ; Sum H
Q
head-ft
10-5.
H2
Z2
H1
Z1
0
.
Q
.
Q
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
H = H1 +
M16FMR
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191
H = H1 + H2
(a + a ) + (z + z )
H=Q
2 1
2
1
2
(b) Parallel Connection
H1 = H2; Z1 = Z2 or Z = 0
Sum Q
H
2
HZ
HZ
; Q2 =
a1
a2
=Q
1+ Q
2 = H Z 1/ a + 1/ a
Q
1
2
1=
Q
Q
+Z
16
H=
10-6.
1/ a1 + 1/ a2
Z
.
Q2
.
Q1
.
Q
L V2
4.026
; V = 6. 3 ft/sec, L = 300 ft, D =
Af=f
12
D 2g
Re =
R
FM
VD 62.4(1.04)6.30(4.026 /12)
=
= 75,696
(2.7 /1490)
12
4.026
(300)
(6.30)2
A f = 0.022
= 12.1 ft of 30% E.G.sol.
(4.026 /12) 2(32.17)
= 12.6 ft of water 38 kPa
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192
10-7.
(a)
M
16
(b)
(c)
A = 48 gpm; Q
B = 24 gpm; Q
C = 32 gpm;
Q
28 ft
(d)
A = 60 gpm
Q
B = 32 gpm
Q
C = 41 gpm
Q
10-8.
= 125 gpm
Q
R
FM
2 ; aB = HB = 25 = 0.0278
HB = a B Q
B
2 302
Q
B
2 ; aC = HC = 30 = 0.0148
HC = aC Q
C
2 452
Q
C
H=
2
Q
2
Q
2
= 0.00155 Q
645.06
M16FMR
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193
HA = HB = HC = 15.5 ft
A=
Q
B=
Q
C=
Q
16
A=
Q
125 gpm
Q
1/ 2
D2 84.8
=
= 0.55
D1 154.1
R
FM
10-9.
4
P1 P2
(0.0848)2 = 0.00565 m2
= 3.26 m/s; Re =
999(3.26)(0.085)
1.4x10
= 1.98 x 105
M16FMR
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194
1/ 2
10-10.
P P
(a) V CL = 2gc 02 1
1/ 2
(0.491 x 144)
=3.97 ft/sec
16
10-11.
(a)
R
FM
(d) This is actually out of the operating range of the pump and the
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
195
10-12.
29 13.55x62.4
0.507x144
x
- Zs 2
12
62.2
62.2
M
20 =
16
10-13.
R
FM
10-14.
s = 11. 5 HP
(a) p = 73.3%; W
(b) 225 gpm; 185 ft of head
s = 14 HP
p = 73.5%; W
s = 14 HP
(c) p = 73%; W
10-15 From Problem 10-14b, the original system defined by 225 gpm and 149
ft of head and would operate at 242 gpm, 173 ft of head and require
14.4 HP with the 7in impellor. Then,
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196
210
rpmn = 3500
= 3037
242
2
3037
Hn = 173
= 130 ft
3500
3
n
3500
The Efficiency would not Change, 74.2%
235
Dn = D7
= 7(0.97) = 6.8 in.
242
16
10-16
6.8
Hn = H7
= 173 (0.944) = 163 ft
7
3
R
FM
n
7
10-17.
(e) 200 gpm; 3 in., A'f < 4 ft/100 pt/sec; dia > 2 in.
(f) 2000 gpm; 8 in., A'f slightly > 4 ft/100 ft
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10-18.
197
(a) K = 30 ft; ft = 0.019; K = 0.57 (Table 10-2; Figure 10-22a)
V = 3.82 ft/sec; A f = 0.57(3.822/(32.2x2) = 0.13 ft
(b) K = 340 ft; ft = 0.017; K = 5.78
V = 5.0 ft/sec; A f = 5.78 x 5.02/(32.2 x 2) = 2.24 ft
10-20.
16
10-19.
130
A f = 2.31
= 10.8 ft of water or 4.7 psi.
60
R
FM
PC = 35 kPa
0.03
For strainer: Ps =
= 17.27 kPa
0.00722
Size the pipe using Fig. 10-20 or program PIPE. Fitting equivalent
lengths found using Fig. 10-22a; 10-22b and Table 10-2. Program
PIPE could be used to solve the complete problem including fitting
losses. Data for hard calculations are summarized below:
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198
M
16
gpm
Sec.
A'f
No. size in. ft./100 ft.
1
6
7
4
10
2
3
8
9
Ch
Af
ft.
Con.
Valve ft.
Coil
ft.
3.38
45
1.5
---
---
1.5
3.64
15
0.6
---
---
0.6
3.1
24
0.7
11.4
---
12.1
3.1
13
0.4
---
12.0
12.4
5.84
27
1.6
---
---
1.6
3.38
42
1.4
---
---
1.4
4.7
22
10.0
---
11.0
4.7
26
1.2
---
10.0
11.2
6.3
28
1.8
14.4
---
16.2
6.3
13
0.8
---
15.0
15.8
R
FM
120
3
70
2.5
40
2
40
2
90
2.5
120
3
50
2
50
2
30
1.5
30
1.5
120
Total
ft.
Le
ft.
20
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199
3
The head losses for the three parallel runs are approximately the
same.
For run (1-5-6-7-4-10), HP = 49.6 ft
For run (1-5-8-9-10), HP = 55.5 ft
For run (1-2-3-4-10), HP = 46.7 ft
M
10-22.
16
V = 8.0 ft/sec
(Figure 10-22)
R
FM
4.17(419)
= 17.5 ft of water
100
2
500
For strainer: A s = 2.31
= 9.24 ft of water
250
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200
0.016166
1 3x6.5x106 (110 45 )
600
0.016022
= 19.4 gal. 74 L
VT =
14.696 14.696
32.696 69.696
0.016166
1 3x6.5x106 (110 45 )
600
0.016022
69.696
VT = 8.7 gal 33 L
10-24.
16
10-25.
R
FM
0.016772
1 3x9.3x105 (160 )
1500
0.016035
= 11.5 gal. 435 L
VT =
14.696 14.696
36.696 64.696
10-26
(a) Use Eq. 10-16
P1 +
P1 =
1gz1
gc
2g
gc
2gz2
gc
+ w + g
(z2 -z1)+ w +
g
gc
Af
gc
Af
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201
62.4
62.4
62.4
(240) (60) +
(25) = 89 psig or 612 kPa
144
144
144
(b)
P1 + g
z1
z
= P2 + g 2
gc
gc
P2 = P1 +
g
gc
(z1-z2 ) = 89.0 +
62.4(0-240)
144
16
10-27 (a)
P1 = P2 +
R
FM
=5+
g
g
Af
(z2 -z1) + w +
gc
gc
62.4(240)
62.4(60)
62.4(25)
+
= 5 + 104 - 26 + 10.8
144
144
144
(b) P1 = P2 +
g
gc
(z 2 -z1) = 5 +
62.4(240)
= 5 + 104 = 109 psig
144
M16FMR
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202
(c) This location is at least workable. However the pressure at the
pump is still very high. The domestic service water
pressure would have to be boosted to a higher pressure at the 20th
floor.
M
10-28
( Q b x 57 ) + (Q s x 40 ) = ( Q d x 47 )
+Q
= Q
= 100
Q
b
s
d
16
Solve Simultaneous
R
FM
=Q
= 100 - 41 = 59 gpm
(b) Q
s
r
(c) Size all pipe for 100 gpm
10-29.
(a) Each chiller requires 600 gpm. Since chiller 2 is partially loaded it
must have the full flow of 600 gpm.
cp = 1200 750 = 450 gpm
Therefore, Q
(b) (150 60) + (450 x 42) = 600 tB; tB = 46.5 F
(c) LR = 150/600 = 0.25
(d) Main pipe to and from sec. Circuits: D = 8 in. com. stl.
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203
DAB = DCD = 6 in. com. stl. (5 in. a little small)
Dcp = 6 in. com. stl.
DBC = DAD = 6 in. com. stl. ( could be 5 in. but easier to make all 6
in.)
W
W
1
2 = 1
(f) W =
W1
3
3
W
2 = 1 rpm2 = 1 2188 = 0.756
W
3500
rpm1
1
or 75%
16
10-30.
1t1 + Q
2t2 = Q
3t3; t3 = (450x42) + (750x60) = 53.3 F
(b) Q
1200
Both chillers receive the same temp. water
R
FM
A
3
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204
M
16
10-31.
Flow rate
Coil
gpm (L/s)
A
40(2.5)
B
40(2.5)
C
50(3.2)
(continued)
Section
No.
1-2
2-3
3-4
Coil C
R
FM
gpm
130
90
50
Dia.
in.
3
2
2
A'f
ft/100'
3.7
4.8
5.0
Af
ft
Le
ft
60
20
30
2.2
1.0
1.5
18
35.5
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ft
M16FMR
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205
130
0
40
40
Con. C
4-5
Com. pipe
2-6
Coil A
Con. A
3-7
Coil B
Con. B
7-8
80
3
3
2
3.7
3.4
40
30
3.4
10
3.9
20
15
1.5
0.0 39.2 ft
1.0
12
10 23 ft
0.5
15
12
0.8 28.3 ft
(total)
(total)
(total)
R
FM
16
Circuit 1-2-3-4-5-1 is the path of greatest lost head. From Fig. 10-11 choose at
40 ft of head and 130 gpm the 7 in., 1750 rpm model which produces about 43
ft of head.
10-32.
Notes: Pipe is schedule 40, commercial steel.
All lengths are total equivalent lengths excluding control valves.
Circuit
A
B
C
Flow rate
gpm (L/s)
60(3.8)
70(4.4)
70(4.4)
Control valve
head loss ft (m)
40(12)
50(15)
50(15)
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206
Section
No.
A'f
Le
ft
200
140
70
4
3
2
ft/100'
2.4
4.2
3.5
200
60
4
2
2.4
2.5
400
240
140
70
3
2
4.2
3.5
200
40
1-2
2-3
3-4
Con. C
4-1
2-5
Con. A
5-4
3-6
Con. B
gpm
Dia.
in.
200
200
240
Af
ft
16
4.8
8.4
8.4
50
9.6 81.2 ft (total)
6
40
8.4 54.4 ft (total)
1.4
50 51.4 ft (total)
Circuit 1-2-3-4-1 has the largest head loss of all paths. Select pump for 200
gpm at 81 ft of head. From Fig. 10-11, use: 5 in., 3500 rpm model. Will
operate at 96 ft at 200 gpm.
R
FM
Q=
qst
480000
=
= 512.8 ft3
c p (tr -t s ) 62.4(1) (60-45)
or Q = 3,836 gal
Q=
qst
144 x 3600
=
= 14 m3
cp (tr -t s ) 980(4.184) (16-7)
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207
(b) Vol. = 2.4m x 2.4m x 2.4m
10-34. Solutions may/can vary. A typical solution is:
16
(c) Estimated length = 225 x 4 x 2 = 1800 ft. Total Eq. Length = 2 x 1800 =
3600 ft
Assuming an average loss of
about 2.5 ft/100 ft; The pump head required would be:
R
FM
(b) The primary system would appear as in Figure 10-34 with the
(c) The tertiary circuits would be as shown in Figure 10-34 and piped in
a reverse return manner.
(d) For each building:
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208
R
FM
16
Possible
Vacuum Breaker on each
Heating Device
Steam
Separator
10-37.
Boiler
Condensate
tank & pump
Assume boiler pressure of 2.0 psig with P/L = 2.0 oz or 0.125 psi/100
ft. (Table 10-4a). Then, P = 0.125 x 175/100 = 3.5 oz or 0.22 psi P
is about the allowable from Table 10-4a.
Assume boiler pressure of 1.0 psig with P/L = 0.125 psi/100 ft.
(Table 10-4a). Then P = 0.125 x 175/100 = 0.22 psi which is near
the maximum in Table 10-4a. Either boiler pressure could be used,
but select 2.0 psig to be conservative.
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209
From Figure 10-48a at 850 lb/hr; P/L = 0.125 psi/100 ft, and boiler
pressure of 2.0 psig: Pipe diameter = 4 in., with steam velocity of
4,000 ft/min at zero psig. Correct velocity to 2.0 psig (Fig. 10-49a)
V = 3,800 ft/min
10-38.
Pipe size depends on slope of line, Table 10-5a. For slope of 1/8 to
in./ft, D = 1 in. nominal specify slope of in./ft (conservative).
16
10-39.
10-40 (a)
p (tr -t s ) =
q = mc
x 60 x 62.4
Q
(1)( 65 42 )
7.48
R
FM
(b) Assuming no changes in the temperatures, the total flow rate would
be:
= 900 (1250 ) = 937.5 or 938 gpm
Q
p
1200
The chillers could share the flow:
= 938 = 469 gpm
Q
i
2
Q
i = 469 = 0.75 or or 75%
625
Qmin
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210
This is probably the best way to operate. There would be no bypass
flow and the parallel pumps could operate at:
RPMP =
469
x 3500 = 2,626
625
This is too much flow for one chiller and not enough for two chillers
16
875
(3500) = 2,450
1250
R
FM
RPMP =
which is less than the minimum flow rate for even one chiller.
Therefore, shut down one chiller and operate the other at least its
minimum flow of 438 gpm. The bypass flow would be:
= 438 - 313 = 125 gpm
Q
bp
One pump would be shut down and the speed reduced for the other
pump to:
RPMP =
438
(3500) = 2,453
625
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211
M
R
FM
16
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or
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Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 11
M
11-1.
1.13KQ
o ; A = 300 = 0.353 ft2; Assumed K = 6
x=
o
850
Vx A o
16
x50 =
1.13 x 6(300)
= 68.5 ft; x100 = 34.2 ft; x150 = 22.8ft
50 0.353
x = CQ
o V o/ V x; C = 2 ; Eq. 11-2a
(b) Q
x)50 = 2(300)850/50 = 10,200 ft3/min
(Q
R
FM
11-2.
(tx)150 = 3.06 F
11-3.
50 ft/min throw = 24 6 = 18 ft
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
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212
o = V o x Ao; Assume K = 6
From Eq. 11-1 and Q
Q
Q
xVx
xVx
18 x 50
o =
= 132.7
=
or o =
A o 1.13K A o
A o 1.13K 1.13 x 6
16
11-4.
Do
o
Q
29
39
49
59
118
in.
3
4
5
6
12
ft.
0.25
0.33
0.417
0.500
1.00
R
FM
x= Q
oC V o/ V x ; Eq. 11=2a
Q
6 2
V o = Q o/Ao = 125/ x = 636 ft/min
4 12
V x = V o (1.13)K A o /x ; K = 6, x = 12 ft
V x = 636 x 6(1.13)
4
x = 125 x 2 x 636/159 = 1000 cfm
Q
11-5.
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213
(b) An overhead type system would be preferred because of the
greater need for cooling during the summer and less need
for heat during the winter.
11-7.
16
11-8.
R
FM
11-9.
650
P = 0.062
= 0.073 in. wg
600
11-10.
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
214
Throw values are for a 4 ft active length then
x50 = 21 0.6(4) = 18.6 ft;
The uncorrected NC for a 10 ft length is NC = 23 0.6(5) = 20.
For a length of 6 ft the correction is 2.
Corrected: NC = 20 2 = 18
M
11-11.
16
270
P = 0.11
= 0.13 in. wq
245
11-12.
R
FM
=1.3 and the range is 1.2 - 1.8, and X50 = 1.3 x 12 = 15.6 ft
A good solution would be to use the 4 in. size with
150
P = 0.057
= 0.066 in. wq
139
11-13.
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
215
The best choice would be a 12 in. size with 600 cfm
(b) x50 = 13 +
50
14.3
(2) = 14.3 ft; x50/L =
= 1.02 (in the range)
80
14
2
50
600
Po = 0.081
(4) = 24.5
= 0.096 in. wg.; NC = 22 +
80
550
M
11-14.
16
R
FM
300
NC = 22 , Po = 0.069
= 0.065 in. wg.
310
11-15 It is good practice to keep the core velocity below 500 ft/min. A
solution is the 18 x 12; Table 11-7
2
600
Po= -0.045
= -0.057 in. wg
535
65
NC = 21 +
(7) = 24
135
Note that static pressure and Po are negative.
11-16.
Guidelines:
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
216
= floor to ceiling.
3-Noise criteria (NC) should usually be less than 30.
4-Be sure that the total pressure required is compatible
with the pressure characteristics of the system. For example,
a small commercial system may have a fan that produces only
about 0.6 in. wg. total pressure while a large commercial system
may operated at 2-5 in. wg. total pressure. The diffuser total
16
11-17.
Guidelines:
R
FM
11-18.
Guidelines:
2-The jet may be spread with this type diffuser. However, more
than one diffuser should be used where the room width is at
least two times the room depth.
3-
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217
45- Use data from Table 11-5
M
R
FM
16
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218
11-19.
Guidelines:
1-Locate grilles in ceiling near the inside wall.
2-Noise criteria (NC) should be less than 30.
3-The negative static pressure should be held to minimum,
especially for light commercial systems with small fans.
16
4- Use data from Tale 11-7.
(a)
(b)
x100 = 3 ft; L = 7 ft; x100/L = 3/7 = 0.43; 0.3 < (x100/L) < 1.0
89 cfm/diffuser; Po = 0.06 in. wg.; NC = 20
Note: Other acceptable solutions also exist.
11-21.
Similar to 11-20
- Diffusers should throw air towards the windows
- Arrange to obtain uniform air motion
- Might use diffusers with short throw around exposed walls with
larger units in the interior.
11-22.
R
FM
11-20.
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219
x50/L = 0.9; Table 11=2, straight vanes ( Assume light load for a
secondary system)
x50 = 0.9 x 9 = 8.1 ft
A solution: 9-4 ft length diffusers with 50 cfm/ft, 2 in. size,
Table 11-3, x = 8.5 ft (no correction required); NC = 15 4 = 11
Po = (50/44)2 x 0.036 = 0.047 in. wg.
Place 3 diffusers on each exposed wall
M
11-23.
80
16
Room Load = 18
Btu
(hr ft 2 )
78
x = 16 ft (desired)
R
FM
xactual =
xact 15.5
=
= 0.78 (in acceptable range)
L
20
2
650
NC = 27; Po =0.105
= 0.112 in. wg.
630
11-24.
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M16FMR
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220
Desired throw: x100 = 0.3 x 20 = 6 ft.
Actual throw: xact = 6.5, Table 11-6
xact/L = 6.5/20 = 0.33, O.K.
80
78
M
11-25.
7 units
each
side
16
11-26.
Use 24 in. x 24 in. size from Table 11-7. Using three units,
R
FM
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
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Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department,
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CHAPTER 12
M
12-1.
s=m
(P1 P2)/
(a) W
(P P ) 2000(1.9)
Q
1
2
=
= 0.60 HP 0.45 kW
=
6350
6350
16
(P P ) 2000(1.9)
Q
01
02
(b) t =
= 0.54 or 54%
=
6350Wsh
6350(1.1)
R
FM
s = 2000x1.55 = 0.49
W
6350
s/ W
sh = 0.49/1.1 = 0.44 or 44%
s = W
(d) From (c) above: Ps = 1.55 in wg
12-2.
2= Q
1 RPM2 = 2000 1200 = 2400 cfm 1,133 L/s
Q
RPM1
1000
2
Ps2 = Ps1
2
RPM2
1200
= 1.55
= 2.23 in wg 555 Pa
RPM
1000
1
2
P02 = P01
2
RPM2
1200
= 1.9
= 2.74 in wg 682 Pa
RPM
1000
1
3
3
RPM2
1200
W2 = W1
= 1.1
= 1.9 HP 1.42 kW
RPM
1000
1
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
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221
2= Q
(750/900) = 0.833 Q
1
12-3. (a,b) Q
P02 = P01(750/900)2 = 0.694 P01
HP2 = HP1(750/900)3 = 0.579 HP1
800 RPM
700 RPM
Po
HP
Q
6,000
2.3
2.75
5,250
1.76 1.84
10,000
1.87
3.5
8,750
1.43 2.34
14,000
1.15
3.45
12,250
0.88 2.31
Q
Po
HP
16
12-3
R
FM
12-4. Since pressure in in. wg. is plotted on the ordinate instead of head the
pressure must be adjusted to reflect the barometric pressure at 5280 ft
elevation.
Po = (Po)std(/std) = (Po)std(Pb/Pb,std)
= W
std(/std) = W
std(Pb/Pb,std)
also, W
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
222
Pb = 12.112 psia
Then in Denver, CO the new characteristics may be obtained by
cfm
Q
6,000
10,000
14,000
Po
W
Po
W
Po
W
Sea Level
2.3
2.75
1.87
3.5
1.15
3.45
Denver
1.90
2.27
1.54
2.88 0.95
2.84
16
(b)
=
W
3.5
= 18% (decrease)
W
R
FM
= W
std x 0.822
W
(a)
m3/min
Q
125
Sea Level
Albuquerque
155
180
Po
W
Po
W
Po
W
400
1350
320
1600
260
2000
329
1110
263
1315
214
1644
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(b)
12-6.
223
(b) A near perfect match with the fan capable of producing about
1.85 in. wg. total pressure at 10,000 cfm.
16
Would probably be unstable.
12-7
R
FM
12-8.
s = 1850 W
t = 55%; RPM = 850; W
12-9.
2000
Pv =
= 0.25 in. wg.; Po = Ps + Pv = 0.88 in. wg.
4005
Ps = 0.88 0.25 = 0.63 in. wg. 5/8 in. wg.
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224
(b) From Table 12-1 in col. For 5/8 in. wg.
The rpm is 1092 and power is 0.39 HP
0.94
0.88
1092 rpm
M
0.80
0.00
0
1240
1560
16
1420
cfm
12-10.
R
FM
12-11.
system, actual
610
Q
1 = RPM1 and P1 = RPM1
475
RPM2
P2 RPM2
Q
2
430
2
design point
observed
Q
1
operating
P
=
P
610 purposes only to
Excerpts from thispoint
work may be reproduced by instructors Use
for distribution
on
a
not-for-profit
basis
for
=or instructional
fan low:
2
1 testing
Q
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction
or
translation
of this work beyond that
2
system, ducts only
0
90
P~Pa
permitted by Sections
107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
0
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
0
150 170
Q m3 /min
M16FMR
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225
System eff. Factor = 610 430 = 180 Pa
12-12. De = (4 x 12 x 16/)1/2 = 15.6 in
Assume blast area ratio = 0.7, Table 12-3
16
R
FM
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226
16
12-17.
R
FM
the fan speed has decreased slightly due to wear and tear.
sh,1 = 16 HP; W
sh,2 = 1.5x5000 = 1.62
12-18. W
6350x0.73
16 1.62
% Diff = 100
= +90% [decrease from 1 to 2]
16
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227
12-19.
(b) No, the fan would be forced to operate to the left of the maximum
pressure and would probably be unstable.
16
1 = 28.5 HP; W
2 = 17.5 HP (static power used)
12-20. W
= (28.5 17.5) 100 = 39% (decrease)
W
28.5
12-21.
R
FM
12-22. The actual inside dimensions are 10 x 8 in. or De = 9.8 in., Table 12-7
For duct, unlined, Po/L = 1.8 in. wg./100 ft (Fig. 12-21)
V =
2000x144
= 3600 ft/min
10x8
From Fig. 12-23, roughness corr. Factor = 1.51, then for the
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228
= b
sA Pb,sA
12-24.
16
.
Q = 600 cfm
20'
R
FM
V2 = V3 =
600
10
} Table 12-9A
= 1100 ft/min; V 4 = V 3 x
4 12
A3
= 660 ft/min
A4
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12-25.
229
(a) Bellmouth, Co = 0.2; Abrupt, Co = 0.5; Table 12-10B & 10A
P0B = 0.2(1000/4005)2 = 0.0125 in. wg. 3.1 Pa
P0A = 0.5(1000/4005)2 = 0.0313 in. wg. 7.8 Pa
% Diff. =
(0.0313 0.0125)
(100) = 150%
0.0125
% Diff. =
(0.5 0.2)
(100) = 150%
0.2
16
12-26. Table 12-8a, Co = 0.25
also
R
FM
Po = 0.25(6.24/1.29)2 = 5.8 Pa
12-27.
Po = 0.15(7.5/1.29)2 = 5.1 Pa
(b) Co = 1.2 Table 12-8C
Po = 1.2(7.5/1.29)2 = 40.6 Pa
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230
b/ Q
c = 250/800 = 0.3125
Q
12-28.
or
or
s/ Q
c = 550/800 = 0.6875
Q
16
or
12-29.
R
FM
or
b/ Q
c = 0.3125; Ab/Ac = 0.25
Q
V b = 1273 ft/min or 6.8 m/s
Cb = 0.93, Table 12-11B
s/ Q
c = 0.6875; As/Ac = 0.694
Q
Cs = 0.135; Table 12-11B
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
or
12-30.
231
M
V1 =
4500x144
= 2,000 ft/min
(18x18)
Ao V o = A1 V 1; V o =
A1
x 2,000 = 2000/6 = 333 ft/min
Ao
16
b/ Q
c = 500/1000 = 0.50
Q
12-31.
R
FM
s/ Q
c = 500/1000 = 0.5
Q
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232
(b) Cb = 0.688, Table 12-12B
Cs = 0.847, Table 12-12B
Pob = 0.688(1432/4005)2 = 0.088 in. wg.
or
or
16
1
12 in.
12 in.
Assume:
Abrupt entrance
Pleated elbows
45o branch
10 in.
P/L
R
FM
Section
Le*
Q
No.
ft
cfm
115
800
102
45
Po
Po
ft/min
in. wg.
Pa
0.135
1020
0.155
39
500
0.055
630
0.056
14
300
0.050
550
0.023
in. wg.
100 ft
No.
ft
P/L
Pd
C1
C2
ft
P1
P2
Pt
Pt
Pa
min
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55
0.135
233
0.074 0.50 2(0.26) 1020 0.032 0.034 0.140
35
72
0.055
630
14
20
0.050
0.010
550
13
2.0
0.17
= 1000 x /4 = 785 cfm; Po/L = 0.12 in. wg./100 ft, Fig. 12-21
Q
16
14 0.25
x
= 17.2 ft
12 0.017
R
FM
Le =
Note: Most of following duct sizing problems can be solved with the computer
program, DUCT.
P
1
2
5
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234
Estimate Total Equivalent Length of Run 1-2-3 to be approximately
132 ft, Table 12-14. Then Po/Le = (0.13 x 100)/132
= 0.10 in. wg./100 ft size ducts using Figure 12-21 and record the
actual Po/L from Figure 12-21.
M
Section
Le
Q
P/L
Pn
No.
ft
cfm
in.
in. wg.
in. wg.
100 ft
45
300
0.084
0.038
16
220
0.090
0.014
71
100
0.083
0.059
55
80
0.14
0.077
55
120
0.125
0.069
R
FM
16
12-36. The design pressure loss is (0.25 0.1) = 0.15 in. wg. (for supply ducts)
Assume the run with the largest equivalent length is:
1-2-3-4-5; Le = 185 ft
(0.15 0.03)
x 100 = 0.065 in. wg./100 ft
185
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235
Section 1 has a total flow of 845 cfm. Therefore, the maximum
velocity in section 1 will be about 800 ft/min if a 14 in. duct is used.
M
R
FM
16
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236
12-36. (continued)
(a)
Section
Le
Q
P/L
Pn
No.
ft
cfm
in.
in. wg.
in. wg.
100 ft
88
845
14
0.065
0.057
18
595
12
0.070
0.013
16
395
12
0.034
0.0054
17
275
0.065
0.011
46
125
0.065
0.030
51
250
0.060
0.031
43
200
0.072
0.031
49
120
0.065
0.032
49
150
0.040
0.020
R
FM
16
With the equal friction method, every branch should have a damper for
balancing purposes.
Po = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 + P5 + Pd5
Po = 0.146 in. wg.
Note that run 1-2-3-4-7 actually has the greatest loss in total pressure
but the difference is not significant. Use Po = 0.15 in. wg.
(b)
Sizing of the longest run, 1-2-3-4-5, is the same as (a) above where
Po/L = 0.065 in. wg./100 ft. Construct a new table as follows:
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237
MAIN DUCT RUN
BRANCH DUCTS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
Sec.
Le
cfm
De/wxh
Po
Po
Br.
Pi
Le
Pi
cfm
De/wxh
No.
ft.
in.
fpm
(2)(5)
(7)
Sec
Pod+
ft.
in.
fpm
No.
-(8)+
(10)100
Pd
(11)
100
88
845
14
0.065
800
0.057
0.057
0.039
51
0.076
250
550
M
2
18
595
12
0.070
760
0.013
0.070
0.036
43
0.084
200
570
16
395
12
0.034
500
0.005
0.075
0.035
49
0.071
120
500
17
275
0.065
600
0.011
0.086
0.020
49
0.041
150
420
46
125
0.065
500
0.03
0.116
Diffuser 5 0.030
0.146
16
The left 8 columns are the same as (a) above. The branches, 6-7-8-9,
are sized to balance in the right hand 7 columns.
R
FM
845.0
0.250
0.000
0.000
0.000
------0.250
0.150
0.100
0.250
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
in. wg
wg
wg
wg
wg
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or
- or
60.0 %
40.0 %
Q
(cfm)
17
125.0
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
0.120
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238
22
150.0
0.154
26
120.0
0.130
30
200.0
0.125
34
250.0
0.127
--------------------Total
845.0
Dia.
(in)
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
12.0
9.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
12.0
10.0
9.0
7.0
10.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
595.0
250.0
845.0
595.0
395.0
200.0
595.0
395.0
275.0
120.0
395.0
275.0
125.0
150.0
275.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
200.0
200.
200.0
200.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
Velocity
(ft/min)
Delta P
(in. wg)
0.0
790.4
790.4
790.4
790.4
757.6
565.9
790.4
757.6
724.2
573.0
757.6
724.2
622.5
449.0
724.2
622.5
467.7
561.3
622.5
467.7
467.7
467.7
467.7
0.000
0.013
0.013
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.018
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
P/L
(in. wg)
0.06415
0.007
0.004
0.017
0.07167
0.007
0.003
0.016
0.08259
0.007
0.002
0.009
0.07138
R
FM
16
Q
(cfm)
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
561.3
561.3
561.3
561.3
449.0
449.0
449.0
573.0
573.0
573.0
565.9
565.9
565.9
0.008
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.030
0.006
0.005
0.016
0.005
0.040
0.002
0.011
0.003
0.036
0.003
0.010
0.005
0.040
0.003
0.013
0.004
0.050
0.05817
0.05817
0.08082
0.08082
0.05405
0.07106
0.06004
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239
System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Fan Selection -Known Fan Parameter: Fan Total Pressure =
Fan Airflow:
Fan or External Total Pressure:
Coil Lost Pressure:
Filter Lost Pressure:
Misc. Lost Pressure:
AHU External Total Pressure:
845.0
0.250
0.000
0.000
0.000
------0.250
0.150
0.100
0.250
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
in. wg
wg
wg
wg
wg
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or
- or
60.0 %
40.0 %
16
Q
(cfm)
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
17
125.0
0.138
22
150.0
0.154
26
120.0
0.145
30
200.0
0.140
34
250.0
0.141
--------------------Total
845.0
R
FM
Fitting Type
Dia.
(in)
0.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
12.0
8.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
7.0
12.0
10.0
9.0
6.0
10.0
9.0
6.0
7.0
9.0
Q
(cfm)
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
595.0
250.0
845.0
595.0
395.0
200.0
595.0
395.0
275.0
120.0
395.0
275.0
125.0
150.0
275.0
Velocity
(ft/min)
Delta P
(in. wg)
0.0
790.4
790.4
790.4
790.4
757.6
716.2
790.4
757.6
724.2
748.4
757.6
724.2
622.5
611.2
724.2
622.5
636.6
561.3
622.5
0.00
0.013
0.013
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.016
P/L
(in. wg)
0.06415
0.007
0.004
0.016
0.07167
0.007
0.003
0.013
0.08259
0.007
0.003
0.009
0.07138
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240
13 Straight Duct
0.12304
14 Elbow
15 Straight Duct
16 Elbow
17 Diffuser / Grille
Straight
Elbow
Straight
Elbow
Diffuser
Elbow
Straight
Elbow
Diffuser
Elbow
Straight
Elbow
Diffuser
Elbow
Straight
Elbow
Diffuser
Duct
Duct
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.030
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
561.3
561.3
561.3
561.3
0.006
0.005
0.016
0.005
0.040
0.004
0.023
0.006
0.036
0.005
0.019
0.009
0.040
0.005
0.023
0.007
0.050
7.0
7.0
7.0
/ Grille
8.0
8.0
8.0
611.2
611.2
611.2
748.4
748.4
748.4
716.2
716.2
716.2
16
Duct
0.016
636.6
636.6
636.6
/ Grille
Duct
636.6
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
Duct
125.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
/ Grille
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
6.0
/ Grille
0.12304
0.08082
0.08082
0.11427
0.13629
0.10661
R
FM
(0.23 0.03)
100 = 0.092 in. wg./100 ft
217
Size all supply ducts for this pressure loss per unit length.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
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241
Q
Section
Q
No.
cfm
in.
No.
cfm
in.
1200
16
18
150
1050
14
19
100
850
14
20
100
750
12
21
75
650
12
22
100
550
12
23
200
475
10
225
175
10
50
11
125
Section
13
14
R
FM
16
12
50
75
50
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12-42. (continued)
16
(b)
(1)
(2)
Sec.
Le
No.
ft.
(3)
(4)
(5)
cfm
De
in.
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
Po
Po
Br.
Pi
Le
Pi
cfm
De
(2)(5)
(7)
Sec
Pod+
ft.
in.
fpm
fpm
No.
100
38
-(8)+
(10)100
Pd
(11)
1000
14
0.89
940
0.034
0.034
18
0.167
105
0.16
150
700
16
850
14
0.68
800
0.011
0.045
23
0.165
105
0.16
200
750
18
650
12
.086
820
0.016
0.061
19
0.160
90
0.18
100
700
12
550
12
.063
700
0.008
0.069
22
0.181
73
0.25
100
700
14
450
10
0.10
800
0.014
0.083
20
0.162
57
0.28
100
700
14
350
0.11
800
0.015
0.098
21
0.176
65
0.27
75
650
7+8
34
275
0.12
750
0.041
0.139
14
0.160
57
0.28
50
600
13
225
0.09
670
.012
0.151
10
0.184
58
.32
75
620
11
150
0.13
700
.010
0.161
12
0.186
36
.52
75
620
13
50
75
.06
450
.030
0.191
Tot.
213
Pd
0.030
0.221
R
FM
BRANCH DUCTS*
* Damper Required in all branches because velocity is too high. Increase size until velocity is about 500 ft/min.
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
12-37. (continued)
Po for the longest run will be about 0.22 in. wg. for the above sizes.
Therefore, size the return system for a pressure loss of (0.35 0.22)
or 0.13 in. wg.
16
0.13 0.05
then Po/Le =
100 = 0.035 in. wg./100 ft
230
Section
Q
Le
No.
cfm
in.
ft
1r
1200
18
115
2r
R
FM
3r
4r
5r
Po
Po/L
in. wg.
0.038
0.044
800
16
70
0.033
0.023
400
12
44
0.036
0.016
400
12
14
0.036
0.005
400
12
28
0.036
0.010
-- Design Procedure --
0.700
in. wg
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
244
Fan Airflow:
Fan or External Total Pressure:
Coil Lost Pressure:
Filter Lost Pressure:
Misc. Lost Pressure:
AHU External Total Pressure:
AHU Pressure for Supply System:
AHU Pressure for Return System:
1000.0
0.700
0.250
0.100
0.000
------0.350
0.228
0.123
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
wg
wg
wg
wg
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or
- or
65.0 %
35.0 %
Q
(cfm)
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
R
FM
16
27
75.0
0.227
30
75.0
0.207
34
75.0
0.211
38
50.0
0.212
56
75.0
0.171
60
100.0
0.158
63
100.0
0.171
67
100.0
0.142
72
200.0
0.202
75
150.0
0.131
--------------------Total
1000.0
Dia.
(in)
0.0
14.0
14.0
12.0
7.0
14.0
12.0
12.0
7.0
12.0
12.0
10.0
6.0
12.0
10.0
10.0
6.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
6.0
10.0
9.0
Q
(cfm)
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
850.0
150.0
1000.0
850.0
650.0
200.0
850.0
650.0
550.0
100.0
650.0
550.0
450.0
100.0
550.0
450.0
350.0
100.0
450.0
350.0
Velocity
(ft/min)
0.0
935.4
935.4
082.3
561.3
935.4
1082.3
827.6
748.4
1082.3
827.6
1008.4
509.3
827.6
1008.4
825.1
509.3
1008.4
825.1
792.2
509.3
825.1
792.2
Delta P
(in. wg)
P/L
(in. wg)
0.000
0.011
0.007
0.010
0.061
0.08745
0.003
0.13819
0.008*<10>
0.058
0.005
0.009
0.037
0.08429
0.006
0.15164
0.010*<10>
0.064
0.004
0.005
0.024
0.10485
0.014
0.11082
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245
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
Tee / Wye
main
8.0
branch
5.0
common
9.0
Straight Duct
8.0
Elbow
8.0
Straight Duct
8.0
Tee / Wye
main
8.0
branch
4.0
common
8.0
Straight Duct
8.0
Tee / Wye
main
7.0
branch
5.0
common
8.0
Straight Duct
7.0
Tee / Wye
main
5.0
branch
5.0
common
7.0
Elbow
5.0
Straight Duct
5.0
Rectangular Transition 5.0
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
5.0
Rectangular Transition 5.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
5.0
Straight Duct
5.0
Rectangular Transition 5.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
4.0
Straight Duct
4.0
Rectangular Transition 4.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
5.0
Straight Duct
5.0
Rectangular Transition 5.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
6.0
Straight Duct
6.0
Rectangular Transition 6.0
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
6.0
Rectangular Transition 6.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
6.0
Straight Duct
6.0
Rectangular Transition 6.0
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
7.0
Elbow
7.0
Straight Duct
7.0
Rectangular Transition 7.0
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
7.0
Rectangular Transition 7.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
8.0
22
23
787.8
550.0
792.2
787.8
787.8
787.8
644.6
573.0
787.8
644.6
561.3
550.0
644.6
561.3
550.0
550.0
561.3
550.0
550.0
270.0
550.0
270.0
16
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
16
275.0
75.0
350.0
275.0
275.0
275.0
225.0
50.0
275.0
225.0
150.0
75.0
225.0
150.0
75.0
75.0
150.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
275.0
550.0
550.0
270.0
573.0
573.0
180.0
0.006
0.12687
0.008
0.013
0.12687
0.009*<10>
0.027
0.007
0.003
0.011
0.08800
0.018
0.002
0.007
0.08082
0.006
0.012
0.005
0.030
0.007
0.005
0.025
0.006
0.018
0.005
0.025
0.007
0.017
0.010
0.020
0.006
0.018
0.005
0.030
0.004
0.008
0.003
0.045
0.012
0.003
0.032
0.004
0.008
0.003
0.045
0.027
0.013
0.027
0.001
0.045
0.032
0.001
0.020
0.005
0.11869
0.11869
0.11869
0.16916
0.11869
R
FM
550.0
550.0
270.0
0.005
0.019
509.3
509.3
360.0
509.3
360.0
509.3
509.3
360.0
748.4
748.4
748.4
720.0
561.3
540.0
787.8
0.08221
0.08221
0.08221
0.13629
0.13629
0.08082
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
246
-- Design Procedure Note that almost all branch ducts need a damper to increase the diameter and
reduce velocity.
System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Fan Selection --
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
0.228
0.123
in. wg
wg
wg
wg
wg
in. wg
16
1000.0
0.700
0.250
0.100
0.000
------0.350
0.700
in. wg
in. wg
- or
- or
65.0 %
35.0 %
Q
(cfm)
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
R
FM
27
75.0
0.227
30
75.0
0.243
34
75.0
0.211
38
50.0
0.212
56
75.0
0.232
60
100.0
0.279
63
100.0
0.285
67
100.0
0.257
72
200.0
0.202
75
150.0
0.170
--------------------Total
1000.0
Fitting Type
Dia.
(in)
0.0
14.0
14.0
12.0
6.0
14.0
12.0
12.0
7.0
Q
(cfm)
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
850.0
150.0
1000.0
850.0
650.0
200.0
Velocity
(ft/min)
Delta P
(in. wg)
P/L
(in. wg)
0.0
935.4
935.4
1082.3
763.9
935.4
1082.3
827.6
748.4
0.000
0.011
0.007
0.010
0.057
0.08745
0.003
0.13819
0.008*<10>
0.058
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
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247
common
7
8
9
10
11
12
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Elbow
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
13
14
15
17
18
19
850.0
650.0
550.0
100.0
650.0
550.0
450.0
100.0
550.0
450.0
350.0
100.0
450.0
350.0
275.0
75.0
350.0
275.0
275.0
275.0
225.0
50.0
275.0
225.0
150.0
75.0
225.0
150.0
75.0
75.0
150.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
200.0
1082.3
827.6
1008.4
1145.9
827.6
1008.4
825.1
1145.9
1008.4
825.1
792.2
1145.9
825.1
792.2
787.8
859.4
792.2
787.8
787.8
787.8
644.6
573.0
787.8
644.6
561.3
550.0
644.6
561.3
859.4
550.0
561.3
550.0
550.0
270.0
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
0.005
0.009
0.039
0.08429
0.006
0.15164
0.010*<10>
0.062
0.004
0.005
0.031
0.10485
0.014
0.005
0.017
0.11082
0.006
0.12687
0.008
0.013
0.12687
0.009*<10>
0.027
0.007
0.003
0.011
0.08800
0.018
0.007
0.007
0.08082
0.006
0.012
0.005
0.030
0.021
0.024
0.025
0.006
0.018
0.005
0.025
0.007
0.017
0.010
0.020
0.015
0.053
0.024
0.030
0.027
0.060
0.042
0.045
0.090
0.042
0.032
0.027
0.060
0.042
0.045
0.027
0.11869
R
FM
16
12.0
12.0
10.0
4.0
12.0
10.0
10.0
4.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
4.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
4.0
9.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
4.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
5.0
8.0
7.0
4.0
5.0
7.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
7.0
859.4
270.0
550.0
550.0
270.0
573.0
573.0
180.0
859.4
859.4
270.0
1145.9
1145.9
360.0
1145.9
360.0
1145.9
1145.9
360.0
748.4
0.35266
0.11869
0.16916
0.35266
0.59744
0.59744
0.59744
0.13629
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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248
70
71
72
73
74
75
16
69 Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
7.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
275.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
748.4
748.4
720.0
0.013
0.027
0.13629
0.001
0.045
0.069
0.17139
0.007
0.020
0.005
763.9
540.0
787.8
16
Known Fan Parameter: Fan Total Pressure =
Fan Airflow:
Fan or External Total Pressure:
Coil Lost Pressure:
Filter Lost Pressure:
Misc. Lost Pressure:
AHU External Total Pressure:
0.228
0.123
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
in. wg
wg
wg
wg
wg
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or
- or
65.0 %
35.0 %
R
FM
1200.0
0.700
0.250
0.100
0.000
------0.350
0.700
Q
(cfm)
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
11
400.0
0.125
14
400.0
0.113
17
400.0
0.096
--------------------Total
1200.0
Dia.
(in)
0.0
18.0
18.0
12.0
16.0
18.0
16.0
12.0
12.0
16.0
Q
(cfm)
Velocity
(ft/min)
Delta P
(in. wg)
P/L
(in. wg)
1200.0
1200.0
1200.0
400.0
800.0
1200.0
800.0
400.0
400.0
800.0
0.0
679.1
679.1
509.3
573.0
679.1
573.0
509.3
509.3
573.0
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.026
0.026
0.03572
0.006
0.015
0.013
0.03024
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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249
7 Straight Duct
0.03476
8 Elbow
0.003
9 Straight Duct
10 Rectangular Transition
11 Diffuser / Grille
12 Straight Duct
13 Rectangular Transition
14 Diffuser / Grille
15 Straight Duct
16 Rectangular Transition
17 Diffuser / Grille
12.0
400.0
12.0
509.3
400.0
0.007
509.3
12.0
12.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
509.3
100.0
0.001
0.014
0.050
0.001
0.014
0.050
0.003
0.014
0.050
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
509.3
100.0
509.3
100.0
0.03476
0.03476
0.03476
12-38. The three branches from the plenum must be designed as close as
possible for the same pressure loss. Start with B since it appears
16
0.18 0.025
For B: Po/Le =
100 = 0.107 in. wg./100 ft
145
0.18 0.025
For A: Po/Le =
100 = 0.109 in. wg./100 ft
142
R
FM
0.18 0.025
For C: Po/Le =
100 = 0.149 in. wg./100 ft
104
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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M16FMR
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250
12-38. (continued)
BRANCH DUCTS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
Sec.
Le
cfm
De
Po
Po
Br.
Pi
Le
Pi
cfm
De
No.
ft.
in.
fpm
(2)(5)
(7)
Sec
Pod+
ft.
in.
fpm
actual
M
B
{
{
-(8) +
(10)100
-Pd
(11)
44
500
12
.057
650
.025
.025
14
0.094
55
0.171
125
660
22
375
10
.085
700
.019
.044
10
0.075
52
0.144
200
760
11
25
175
0.11
630
.028
.072
12
0.047
38
0.124
75
550
13
54
100
.087
520
.047
0.119
Tot
145
Pd
.025
0.144
1
2
3
5
Tot.
15
17
Tot.
16
No.
100
50
400
10
.095
760
0.048
0.048
0.084
38
0.221
100
750
19
300
.092
700
0.018
.066
0.066
48
0.138
100
510
25
200
.08
590
0.02
.086
0.046
57
0.081
100
500
48
100
.095
530
0.046
.132
Pd
0.025
.157
16
0.041
38
0.108
125
610
142
56
225
.17
850
0.095
.095
48
100
.085
510
0.041
.136
Pd
0.025
.161
104
R
FM
Note that the resulting total pressures losses turn out to be:
(Po)B = 0.144 in.wg.; (Po)A = 0.157 in. wg.; (Po)C = 0.161 in. wg.
12-38.
0.180
in. wg
400.0 cfm
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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251
Fan or External Total
Coil Lost
Filter Lost
Misc. Lost
Pressure:
Pressure:
Pressure:
Pressure:
0.269
0.000
0.000
0.000
------0.269
0.180
0.089
in.
in.
in.
in.
wg
wg
wg
wg
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or
- or
67.0 %
33.0 %
M
Diffuser ID
Q
(cfm)
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
16
15
100.0
0.171
19
100.0
0.155
23
100.0
0.141
29
100.0
0.187
--------------------Total
400.0
ID Fitting Type
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
27
28
0.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
8.0
5.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
5.0
8.0
7.0
5.0
5.0
7.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
Q
(cfm)
Velocity
(ft/min)
Delta P
(in. wg)
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
300.0
100.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
100.0
200.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
905.4
905.4
905.4
905.4
859.4
733.4
905.4
859.4
748.4
733.4
859.4
748.4
733.4
733.4
748.4
733.4
733.4
733.4
360.0
0.000
0.011
0.003
0.011
0.014
0.006
0.039
P/L
(in. wg)
0.14157
R
FM
1
2
3
4
5
6
Dia.
(in)
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
733.4
733.4
360.0
733.4
733.4
360.0
733.4
733.4
360.0
0.14157
0.018
0.005
0.020
0.14878
0.016
0.004
0.013
0.13629
0.020
0.012
0.016
0.010
0.025
0.007
0.016
0.010
0.025
0.007
0.016
0.010
0.025
0.016
0.058
0.010
0.19977
0.19977
0.19977
0.19977
0.19977
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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252
29
Diffuser / Grille
100.0
0.025
-- Fan Selection --
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
0.180
0.000
in. wg
wg
wg
wg
wg
16
500.0
0.180
0.000
0.000
0.000
------0.180
0.180
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or 100.0 %
- or
.0 %
Q
(cfm)
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
R
FM
13
100.0
0.185
16
75.0
0.179
19
200.0
0.142
23
125.0
0.158
--------------------Total
500.0
Fitting Type
Dia.
(in)
0.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
6.0
10.0
9.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Q
(cfm)
500.0
500.0
500.0
375.0
125.0
500.0
375.0
200.0
175.0
375.0
175.0
175.0
75.0
100.0
175.0
Velocity
(ft/min)
0.0
916.7
916.7
848.8
636.6
916.7
848.8
1018.6
891.3
848.8
891.3
891.3
859.4
733.4
891.3
Delta P
(in. wg)
P/L
(in. wg)
0.000
0.011
0.018
0.006
0.042
0.12723
0.019
0.009
0.019
0.008
0.014
0.006
0.020
0.12575
0.22715
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M16FMR
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253
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
Butterfly Damper
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
733.4
733.4
360.0
0.007
0.028
0.010
0.025
0.028
0.025
0.025
0.041
0.014
0.025
0.012
0.044
0.005
0.025
859.4
270.0
1018.6
720.0
636.6
636.6
450.0
0.19977
0.35266
0.29022
0.12304
16
System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Fan Selection --
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
in. wg
wg
wg
wg
wg
R
FM
Fan Airflow:
Fan or External Total Pressure:
Coil Lost Pressure:
Filter Lost Pressure:
Misc. Lost Pressure:
0.180
0.180
0.000
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or 100.0 %
- or
.0 %
Q
(cfm)
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
14
100.0
0.191
18
125.0
0.186
--------------------Total
225.0
Fitting Type
Dia.
(in)
Q
(cfm)
0.0
8.0
225.0
225.0
Velocity
(ft/min)
0.0
644.6
Delta P
(in. wg)
P/L
(in. wg)
0.000
0.005
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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M16FMR
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254
3 Straight Duct
0.08800
4 Butterfly Damper
5 Straight Duct
6 Elbow
7 Straight Duct
8 Elbow
9 Straight Duct
10 Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
11 Straight Duct
12 Elbow
13 Rectangular Transition
14 Diffuser / Grille
15 Straight Duct
17 Rectangular Transition
18 Diffuser / Grille
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
225.0
225.0
225.0
225.0
225.0
225.0
225.0
125.0
100.0
225.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
644.6
644.6
644.6
644.6
644.6
644.6
644.6
636.6
509.3
644.6
509.3
509.3
360.0
636.6
450.0
0.003
0.112
0.003
0.006
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.003
0.011
0.007
0.003
0.003
0.025
0.010
0.005
0.025
0.08800
0.08800
0.08800
0.08221
0.12304
16
R
FM
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M16FMR
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255
12-41.
SF
2
RF
Pb = 0
A
Coil
16
Supply fan: Po = 4 in. wg.
12-42.
3
2 S
R
FM
SF
Space Pressure
1
Pb = 0
-1
Coil
-2
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
256
M
R
FM
16
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
257
12-43.
4
3
2
Coil
RF
Pb = 0
B
C
S M
E
S
-1
16
-2
12-44.
5
4
3
2 S
1
Pb = 0
-1
R
FM
SF
Coil
-2
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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258
Fan, Po = 5.75 in. wg.
12-45.
Mix. box
Damper
Grille
(a)
16
R
FM
(b)
For 18 in. duct with 1,000 cfm, P/L = 0.027 in. wg./100 ft
For duct: Pd = 0.027 x 40/100 = 0.011 in. wg.
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
259
For damper: Pd = 0.385 (0.011 + 0.007 + 0.063 + 0.007) =
Pd = 0.297 in. wg. = Coe(590/4005)2
(c)
-- Design Procedure --
16
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
in. wg
wg
wg
wg
wg
R
FM
Fan Airflow:
Fan or External Total Pressure:
Coil Lost Pressure:
Filter Lost Pressure:
Misc. Lost Pressure:
0.900
0.150
0.100
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or
- or
60.0 %
40.0 %
Q
(cfm)
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
19
150.0
0.141
24
125.0
0.128
28
120.0
0.123
32
200.0
0.115
38
250.0
0.143
--------------------Total
845.0
Fitting Type
Dia.
(in)
Q
(cfm)
Velocity
(ft/min)
Delta P
(in. wg)
P/L
(in. wg)
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
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M16FMR
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260
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
0.0
790.4
790.4
790.4
790.4
790.4
0.000
0.008
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.006
7
8
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
main
branch
common
Straight Duct
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Butterfly Damper
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
14.0
12.0
9.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
12.0
10.0
9.0
7.0
10.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
845.0
595.0
250.0
845.0
595.0
395.0
200.0
595.0
395.0
275.0
120.0
395.0
275.0
150.0
125.0
275.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
790.4
757.6
565.9
790.4
757.6
724.2
573.0
757.6
724.2
622.5
449.0
724.2
622.5
561.3
467.7
622.5
561.3
561.3
561.3
450.0
0.006
0.005
0.018
0.06415
0.007
0.004
0.017
0.07167
0.007
0.003
0.016
0.08259
0.007
0.003
0.011
0.07138
0.006
0.005
0.016
0.004
0.040
0.013
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.030
0.002
0.011
0.002
0.036
0.003
0.010
0.000
0.040
0.003
0.013
0.024
0.001
0.001
0.050
0.08082
9
10
11
12
16
13
14
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
467.7
467.7
467.7
375.0
0.06415
0.08082
0.05817
0.05817
R
FM
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
0.06415
7.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
449.0
449.0
360.0
573.0
573.0
600.0
565.9
565.9
565.9
565.9
750.0
0.05405
0.07106
0.06004
0.06004
Note that dampers have been inserted in ducts 6 and 7 (No. 31 and
36 below) to cause an increase in duct diameter and a consequent
decrease in velocity.
-- Design Procedure --
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
261
-- Fan Selection -Known Fan Parameter: Fan Total Pressure =
Fan Airflow:
Fan or External Total Pressure:
Coil Lost Pressure:
Filter Lost Pressure:
Misc. Lost Pressure:
845.0
0.900
0.500
0.100
0.050
------0.250
0.150
0.100
0.900
cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
in. wg
wg
wg
wg
wg
in. wg
in. wg
in. wg
- or
- or
60.0 %
40.0 %
Total Delta P
(in. wg)
16
Diffuser ID
19
150.0
0.141
24
125.0
0.128
28
120.0
0.140
33
200.0
0.140
38
250.0
0.131
--------------------Total
845.0
R
FM
Fitting Type
Dia.
(in)
Q
(cfm)
Velocity
(ft/min)
0.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
12.0
10.0
9.0
6.0
10.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
9.0
7.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
595.0
250.0
845.0
595.0
395.0
200.0
595.0
395.0
275.0
120.0
395.0
275.0
150.0
125.0
275.0
150.0
0.0
790.4
790.4
790.4
790.4
790.4
790.4
757.6
458.4
790.4
757.6
724.2
573.0
757.6
724.2
622.5
611.2
724.2
622.5
561.3
467.7
622.5
561.3
Delta P
(in. wg)
0.000
0.008
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.020
P/L
(in. wg)
0.06415
0.06415
0.06415
0.007
0.004
0.017
0.07167
0.007
0.003
0.013
0.08259
0.007
0.003
0.011
0.07138
0.006
0.08082
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that
permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
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262
16 Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Straight Duct
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Butterfly Damper
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Butterfly Damper
Straight Duct
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
561.3
561.3
450.0
467.7
467.7
467.7
375.0
611.2
611.2
360.0
573.0
573.0
573.0
600.0
458.4
458.4
458.4
750.0
0.005
0.016
0.08082
0.004
0.040
0.013
0.05817
0.002
0.002
0.05817
0.002
0.030
0.004
0.023
0.11427
0.007
0.036
0.003
0.024
0.010
0.07106
0.000
0.040
0.002
0.016
0.008
0.03599
0.001
0.050
R
FM
16
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
125.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
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USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
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Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or
108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 13
w
m
lb w
ft3
hm =
=
= 2
A ( Cw C ) hr ft 2 lb w / ft 3
ft hr
16
lb w lba
= lbw/ft3
3
lba ft
The density of dry air must be used. Then from Eq. 13-17
h d = h m a =
ft 3
ft 2 hr
lba
ft3
lba
ft 2 hr
R
FM
acpahm
ft 3 lbaF ft 2 hr
x
x
x
= 2
=1
ft hr F lba Btu
ft 3
Btu
h
h
10
= Le2/3 = 1; hd =
= 41.7 lba/(hr ft2)
=
c pahd
c pa 0.24
also hm = hd/a = 41.7/0.075 = 555.6 ft3/(hr ft2)
hd 0.057 kga/(m2 s)
13-3.
hd
= 0.615 Re0.47
k
USE IT WITH YOUR MIND
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
261
Red =
0.075x100x60x(1/12)
= 852
0.044
0.0147
x 0.615(852)0.47 = 2.59 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(1/12)
16
0.075x28,260x1
= 48,170
0.044
0.0147
(48,170)0.8(0.7)0.3 = 1.7 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
1
R
FM
h = 0.023
w = hdA(Ww - W)
13-5. 43,560 ft2 = 1 acre; m
Use j factor analogy, h/cphd = Le2/3
Assume: Le = 0.85; Cp = 0.24
Then hd =
0.24(0.85)2 / 3
= 23.22 lba/(ft2-hr)
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
262
w = (23.22)1000(43,560)(0.0223 0.013)
m
w = 9,415,000 lbv/hr = 19 gpm/acre
m
hd =
c pLe2 / 3
(1.15) =
9(1.15)
0.24(0.82)2 / 3
= 49.23 lba/(ft2-hr)
16
13-7.
w(i - iw)
q l = m
w = hdA(Ww - W)
m
R
FM
W = 0.0096 lbv/lba
13-8. It is assumed that the blanket is folded in half over the clothes line with
one side exposed to air.
hd =
4
h
Le-2/3 =
(0.83)-2/3 = 18.87 lba/(hr ft2)
0.24
cp
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263
w
m
; = mw/[hdA(Wv Wa)]
(16 4)
= 0.71 hr
18.87(56)(0.0312 0.0152)
13-9. The procedure is the same as example 13-1 except that the
energy balance line A-B will have a positive slope
and tl 1 = 75F, tl 2 = 90F
16
Ans: 68/62F; 17.4 ft2; 4.8 ft
R
FM
13-11. The procedure is the same as example 13-2 except that the energy
balance line A-B will have a negative slope and the inlet and outlet
water temps. are reversed.
13-
12.
a/Ga =
Ac = m
4000
0.071
60/1000 = 17 ft2
di
(ii i)
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264
y = 2.7, Then
L = Gay/hdam = 1000 x 2.7/229.2 = 11.8 ft
16
13-14. Ans: 1.4 to 1.5
R
FM
13-20.
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
265
Approach = t 2 twb1 = 85 76 = 9 F
Tower capacity = q
M
qpm/ton =
250,000
= 50
500x10
50
= 3.0
(250,000 /15,000)
16
13-22.
R
FM
13-23.
(a) tons =
500,000
x 2.5 = 83 gpm (a & b)
15,000
1,200,000
= 80; gpm/ton = 240/80 = 3.0; maximum twb = 72 F
15,000
(b) gpm/ton =
320
= 4.0; max. twb = 65 F
80
13-24. Model G, nominal rating 600 gpm & 250 tons (Table 13-2).
Using Figure 13-9; assume gpm is constant.
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266
With cooling range of (97 85) = 12
Max. twb = 76 F (Figure 13-9)
With cooling range = 15; tw = 100 F
Max. twb = 74 F (Figure 13-9)
M
R
FM
16
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adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER 14
M
14-1.
120 60
= 0.43
200 60
200 180
R=
= 0.33
120 60
F = 0.985 {Fig. 14-19]
(a) P =
16
(180 60) (200 120)
(180 60)
ln
(200 120)
LMTD = 98.7F
LMTD =
200
water
180
120
air
60
1
R
FM
(d) q = UAF(LMTD)
C ( t t ) 16,500(200 180)
= 3390 Btu/hr-F
UA = h w2 w1 =
F(LMTD)
0.985(98.7)
UA
UA UA
=
=
Cmin Cc Cair
3390
= 0.62
NTU =
5490
(e) NTU =
M16FMR
m16fmr@hotmail.co.uk
267
(f) =
120 60
0.43
200 60
M
R
FM
16
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268
14-2.
cp)air(110-50)
(a) q = UAF(LMTD) = ( m
a = 4000 x 14.7 x 144/(53.35 x 510) = 311.2 lb/min
m
or 18,672 lb/hr
q = 18,672(0.24)(110-50) = 268,874 Btu/hr
cpw)(180 tho) = (25 x 8.33)(1)(180 tho)60
q = ( m
268,874
tho = 180 = 158.5 F or 159 F
25x8.33x60
110 50
180 159
P=
= 0.46; R =
= 0.35
180 50
110 50
F = 0.98; Fig. 14-1
109 70
LMTD =
= 88
109
ln
70
268,874
= 312 ft2
A = q /(UF x LMTD) =
10x0.98x88
16
R
FM
14-3.
air = 3200 x 60 x
(a) m
14.7x144
= 13,726 lb/hr
53.35x555
refrig.
125
air
125
95
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269
14-3.
(continued)
tco 95
; tco = tao = 0.615(125 95) + 95
125 95
tao = 113.5F
0.615 =
14-4.
1/ 2
16
2h
2x10
= 18.26 ft-1
=
(a) m =
90(0.008 /12)
ky
(1.0 0.5)
lm =
18.26 = 0.76
12
R/r = 1/0.5 = 2.0; = 0.8, Fig. 14-4
tanh(mr )
R
R
; = 1 1 + 0.35ln = 1.243
(mr )
r
r
mr = (18.26)(0.5/12)1.243 = 0.9454
tanh(0.9454)
=
= 0.78
0.9454
(b) =
R
FM
(c) Within readability of Fig. 14-4 the answers are the same
14-5.
14-6.
Af
(1 - ); = 0.78 from proplem 14-4
A
s = 1-0.9(1-0.78) = 0.80
s = 1-
1
1
x
1
1
(0.015 /12)
=
+
+
=
+
Uo hoso k(A m / A o ) hi (A i / A o ) 10x0.8
(100x1)
1
+
= 0.17; Assumes Ai Ao and kcopper 100
200x(1/ 9)
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270
The second term may be neglected
Uo = 5.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-7.
1
1
1
=
+
= 0.133
Uo 10x0.8 1100(1/ 9)
Uo = 7.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
M
14-8.
tanh(mA )
mA
1/ 2
16
1/ 2
2h
2x57
m=
= 64.18 m-1
=
3
ky
173(0.16x10 )
ml = 64.18(6 x 10-3) = 0.385; = 0.953
Af
(1 - ) = 1 0.85(1 0.95)
A
s = 0.96
s = 1 -
14-10.
1
1
x
1 1
A 1
1
x
; Assume
=0
=
+
+
; =
+
UA hr A p kA p hAs U A p hr hs
kA p
R
FM
14-9.
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271
14-11.
tanh(mr )
;=
mr
Re
Re
1
1
0.35ln
Re
= 1.28 ( - 0.2)1/2 ; m =
r
1/ 2
2h
ky
M
L
;=
;LM
=
M
r
a 1.12
(a) Dim1 = =
= 0.56 in
2
2
Dim1
a
Dim2
b = 1.35 in.
1/ 2
R
FM
16
1 a
2
Dim2 = + b
2 2
1
= [(0.56)2 + (1.35)2]1/2 = 0.73
2
Then L = Dim2 = 0.73 in.; M = Dim1 = 0.56 in.
0.73
0.56
=
= 1.75; =
= 1.3
0.56
(0.64 / 2)
Re
= 1.27(1.75)(1.3 0.3)1/2 = 2.22
r
1/ 2
2x10
= (2.22 1)[1 + 0.35ln(2.22)] = 1.56; m =
90(0.01/12)
mr = 16.33(0.32/12)1.56 = 0.631
tanh(0.762)
= 0.869
=
0.762
a
(b) Dim1 = = 12.5 mm
2
1
Dim2 = [222 + 12.52]1/2 = 12.65 mm
2
L = Dim2 = 12.65 mm
M = Dim1 = 12.5 mm
12.5
12.65
= 2.5; =
= 1.012
=
12.5
5
Re
= 1.27(2.5)(1.012 0.3)1/2 = 2.69
r
= 16.33 ft-1
Dim2
Dim1
a = 25 mm
b = 22 mm
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272
= 2.69 1)[1 + 0.35 ln(2.69)] = 2.26
2x68
= 66.67 m-1
m=
170(0.00018)
mr = 66.67(0.005)2.26 = 0.753
tanh(0.753)
=
0.753
= 0.85
M
14-12.
1
1
1
; neglecting tube wall resistance
=
+
Uo hoo h j A j / A o
Af
(1 - ) = 1 0.9(1 0.84) = 0.86
A
1
1
1
=
+
= 0.120; Uo = 8.60 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
Uo 10x0.86 600(10)
(a) o = 1 -
16
0.6422
R
FM
14-13.
1/12
1
0.64
0.010
-6
0.010
-4
2
Rct = 4.15 x 10 (hr-ft -F)/Btu
1/ 0.72 2
1
10
0.18
-7
Rct = 3.913 x 10
0.18
14-14.
Re =
0.6422
VD
; = 60.6 lbm/ft3
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273
16
14-15.
R
FM
63.02(3.44)0.0454
= 20,940
4.7x10 4
(L/D)min = 88 ft [Problem 14-14]
c p 4.7x104 (3600)0.93
Pr =
=
= 5.52
k
0.285
(0.285)
h = 0.023
(20,940)0.8(5.52)0.3 = 690 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(0.0454)
14-16.
65.21(3.44)0.0454
8.725x104
= 11,670
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274
0.81x8.725x1043600
Pr =
= 1.16
0.22
(0.22)
h = 0.023
(11,670)0.8(1.16)0.3 = 209 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.0454
M
14-17.
16
0.338
(32,556)0.8(10.2)0.3 = 509 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.125
R
FM
h = 0.023
k
Re0.8Pr0.3
D
14-18.
65.2(4)0.125
= 13,900;
2.35x103
cp = 0.89 btu/(lbm-F) [Fig. 14-8]
M16FMR
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275
(a) Cooling
h = 0.023
(0.28)
(13,900)0.8(26.9)0.3 = 285 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.125
M
14-19.
(a) Re =
(26.9)0.4
0.3
(26.9)
= 396 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
VD 990.2(1.5)(0.012)
= 29,905
=
0.596x103
16
hD
= 0.023 Re0.8Pr0.4; Pr =
Then
k
0.596x103 x4.182
= 3.91
637.3
0.023
(0.637)(31,157)0.8(3.91)0.4
0.012
h = 8287 W/(m2 C) = 8.29 kW/(m2 C)
h=
R
FM
(1.028)999(1.5)(0.012)
= 15,400
1.2x103
1.2x103 x3.7x103
= 8.9
Pr =
0.50
0.023
h=
(0.50)(15,400)0.8(8.9)0.4 = 5140 W/(m2 C)
0.012
= 5.14 kW/(m2 C)
(b) Re =
14-20.
(a) Re =
62.4(0.5)(0.34 /12)
= 922 < 2500
(3.45 / 3600)
hD
D
= 1.86[RePr ]1/3
L
k
0.14
; Assume
s
0.14
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276
3.45(1.004)
= 10.4
0.332
1.86(0.332)
0.34 1/3
2
h=
[922(10.4)
] = 66 Btu/(hr-ft -F)
(0.34 /12)
10x12
Pr =
M
14-21.
992.2(0.10)x103
= 1519
653
There is a question about the flow regime. It is probably
Re =
16
14-22.
R
FM
1.
Eq. 14-24 and assume
s
0.653x103 (4.182)
Pr =
= 4.34
0.63
1.86(0.63)
0.01 1/3
2
h=
[1519(4.34)
] = 328 W/(m - C)
0.01
3
4 12
v)avg = (1 + 0.1)/2 = 0.55 lbm/hr
(m
(Gv)avg = 0.55/Ac = 290.6 lbm/(ft2hr)
0.589 237.8
=
= 12.3
A
12 0.95
DGv 0.589 290.6
=
= 15
A
12 0.95
DGA
hD
= = 13.8(Pr )1/3
kA
1/ 6
ifg
c p t
DG 1/ 2
v
A
A v
0.2
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277
1/ 2
1/ 2
DGv A
61.0
= 15.0
= 1008
A v
0.0135
0.95(1.001)
= 2.48
Pr =
0.384
ifg = 1001 Btu/lbm
t 80 = (160 80); twall = 80F (Using water outside the tubes)
0.384
h = 13.8
(2.48)1/3
0.589 /12
1/ 6
1001
1.0(80)
[1008]0.2
h = 888 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
16
14-23.
Ac =
(G )avg =
(Gv)avg =
= 0.314 kg/(m2 s)
1.767x10
0.126x103 (1 + 0.12) / 2
1.767x10
= 0.399 kg/(m2 s)
R
FM
DGA
(0.88)0.126x103 / 2
0.015(0.314)
0.390x10 3
= 12.1
1/ 2
1/ 2
DGv A
0.015(0.399 976
=
= 1024
A v
0.390x103 0.219
0.390x103 x4.19x103
Pr =
= 2.46; ifg = 2326 kJ/kg
0.665
t 45C = (73 28); liquid water assumed outside tubes
1/ 6
2326
(0.665)
h = 13.8
(2.46)1/3
(0.015)
4.19(45)
h = 5.02 kW(m2 C)
14-24.
1
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278
Since xc 1.0; C1 = 8.2 x 10-3; n = 0.4
Assume tube wall thickness of 0.016 in.
Then Dj = 0.375 2(0.016) = 0.343 in.
Aj =
4
m
80
=
= 124,700 lbm/(ft2 hr)
G=
4
A j 6.417x10