The State of European Cities in Transition 2010

The State of European
Cities in Transition report
Expert Group Meeting

The State of European Cities in Transition 2010
25-26 January 2010, Krakow (Poland)
MEETING REPORT
Warsaw, February 2010
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction
Background
Objectives of the EGM
Attendance
Opening Session
The State of Cities report: briefing and key facts/ lessons
I - Presentation by participating Institutions
II - Key Issues of Urban Development in the region overview
III Towards the preparation of the State of European Cities in Transition report
review and conclusions
10
Contents of the report
10
Data
11
Implementation plan
11
Implementation and cooperation mechanisms
11
Closing remarks
12
ANNEXES
Annex 1. Programme of the EGM
13
Annex 2. List of participants
15
Annex 3. Presentation by participating Institutions (summary)
16
Annex 4. Revised annotated outline of the report
18
Annex 5. Indicative implementation plan
29
INTRODUCTION
Background
UN-Habitat once every two years publishes a report on the state of the worlds cities.
The State of the Worlds Cities Report is based on a global consultative process to
establish universal urban information standards and protocols in order to strengthen the
ability of Governments, local authorities and key partners to gain access to and make
use of information to monitor and assess urban conditions and trends and to formulate
effective urban policies. Since a global report was deemed not to do justice to regional
details, UN-Habitat has been further mandated to produce regional State of the Regions
Cities reports, one for Africa, Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe and one for Latin America.
Urban inequality is the main theme of the 2010 mother publication and regional editions
will follow that theme to the extent possible.
A first edition of the State of the European Cities in Transition report is scheduled for the
2010 series of the State of the Regions Cities reports and will focus on describing and
analyzing the situation of cities within the region and will be used as a region-wide
information dissemination tool based on accurate and comparable data collected. The
report will also aim to provoke dialogue and discussion on the role of cities of the region
in improving national, regional and local economies through sustainable and equitable
development.
The long-term development goal of this initiative is to help countries of the East and
Central European region that have undergone rapid transformation over the past two
decades, further achieve socially and environmentally sustainable cities through better
information bases.
The drafting of the report is envisaged as a multiple partnership involving selected
associations of local authorities, academic and research institutions, international
organizations, European Governments and others.
Objectives of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM)

The main objective of the meeting was to launch the preparatory process of the State of
European Cities in Transition 2010 report and agree with selected interested institutions
on the annotated outline of the report.
The meeting was also intended to agree on the scope of the Report, the geographical
coverage; identification of sub-regions; the time schedule for the drafting process, and
some partnering modalities and networking mechanisms for the preparation of the
Report.
The EGM was jointly organized and facilitated by the Warsaw Office of UN-Habitat and
the Institute of Urban Development (Instytut Rozwoju Miast). The EGM was hosted by
the Institute of Urban Development (IRM).
Attendance
Over 20 experts from eight countries of the East and Central Europe Region,
representing academic and research institutions, international organizations and
associations of local authorities, participated in the EGM.
Opening Session
Jerzy Adamski, Director of the Institute of Urban Development (IRM) and Krzysztof
Mularczyk, Director of the UN-Habitat Warsaw Office, warmly welcomed all participants.
Krzysztof Mularczyk briefly presented UN-Habitats global strategic plan for 2008-2013,
various expertises of UN-Habitat, key global and regional initiatives, and on-going
project work on urban planning and housing in South Eastern Europe. He also
introduced the State of European Cities in Transition report as a regional lead
publication focusing on the impacts of the transition processes on city development.
The State of Cities report: briefing and key facts/ lessons

Joseph Maseland, Global coordinator of the regional reports on the state of cities, UNHabitat, further introduced the state of the regions cities report series and its
background.
The first edition of the State of the Worlds Cities Report (SWCR) was released in 2001.
The report was successful and accessible for a wide (and non-technical) audience. As a
global scale could not genuinely reflect regional specificities, it was decided by the UNHabitat Governing Council to also develop regional editions. The State of African Cities
Report was published in 2008 and remains a reference work. Reports on Latin American
cities and Asian cities are under preparation.
The reports primarily target central governments, local authorities and their partners. It
helps explain often very complex urban, housing and governance issues in language
easily understood by lay-persons. The reports are prepared on the basis of By the
Region, for the Region.
The 2010 report for the East and Central Europe Region is the first in a series of biennial
reports. It is therefore not expected to cover systematically and exhaustively all urban
and housing-related issues in the region. It is not primarily targeting an academic public,
but rather a wider audience. It is intended an analytical and advisory document and not a
prescriptive one, although recommendation and key messages from the report are
hopefully picked up by policy-makers across the region. It will include data that may
allow a comparability ( while absence of data in itself should not be hidden but be utilized
as a message to concerned Governments that without accurate and reliable data,
decision-making is taking place in a knowledge vacuum.)
The main aim of the EGM was therefore to review the draft outline prepared by the
Institute of Urban Development and to reach consensus as a region on the contents of
the report and to set up a road map for the drafting of the report.
I Presentations by participating Institutions

Participants representing research and academic organizations, international
organizations and associations of local authorities had an opportunity to present their
respective institution. A summary is presented in the table contained in Annex 3.
II - Key Issues of Urban Development in the region overview

This session aimed at identifying current urban trends in Central, Eastern and SouthEastern Europe and related policies, challenges and emerging issues to be addressed in
the first report. The highlights of the presentations are summarized below1:
Bulgarian Urban System

By Julia Spiridonova, National Center for Territorial Development
Main facts
Presentation of the administrative territorial division of Bulgaria, which relies on cities:
one big urban center, the capital city, six large cities (over 100,000 inhabitants), 27
medium-size cities(between 100,000 and 30,000 inhabitants), 45 small towns (up to
30,000 inhabitants) and 176 villages (less than 10,000 inhabitants).
From WW II to the 1980s urban growth was rapid; from the 80s, it decelerated. The
urbanization rate is now 71.2 %.
The economic performance of the country mostly relies on cities and the level of
productivity and the size of the city are strongly correlated.
Main challenges
Negative urban growth (2005-2008)
The distribution of large cities remains unbalanced at national level and led to disparities
in the socio-economic development of regions (centre-periphery problem).
Lack of modernization and investment affect living standards in urban areas (inadequate
infrastructure, energy-inefficient and deteriorating multi-family housing stock).
Main opportunity
Urban issues are now at the heart of national and EU-funded programmes which
address the need for strategies for sustainable and integrated urban development.
Key Issues of Urban Development in Czech Republic

By Ludk Skora, Charles University in Prague
Ludk Skora made a critical reading of the draft outline of the state of CEE cities report,
providing salient examples of urban issues in Czech Republic and the region and made
suggestions to revise/ complement the outline.
Urban growth and decline issues
Urban growth and decline shrinking cities
Second demographic transition - ageing, single member households, etc.
International migration illegal migrants, integration policies, foreigner enclaves in
cities
Poly-centricity in settlement systems
Access to urban centres (employment; urban services, etc.)
Economic and cultural centres
Regional/urban inequality (proposed ranking system of cities: capital cities and their
metropolitan areas; other major cities and their city regions; reindustrializing towns in
Full presentations are available on request.
new economic zones; shrinking towns in declining areas; towns in peripheral

territories)
Transportation issues (incl. public transport and good practices ex. Integrated regional
transit systems)
Social inequality and housing markets (with emphasis on social exclusion)
Residential segregation: i.e. socially excluded localities (Roma ghettos) and socially
exclusionary areas (gated communities)
Environmental Improvements and Risks
Natural hazards and risks - disasters
Societal threats to long term sustainability (ex. urban sprawl)
Governance and Planning
Successes: capacity building at local and regional level; active NGO sector and
improving participatory urban governance practices
Problems: non-existing governance at urban region level; inter-regional and intermunicipal competition; weak national strategies and policies of spatial development
and urbanization
Challenges to and opportunities for sustainable development
National: inter-regional / inter-urban inequality (growth x shrinking cities); Right to city
access to city jobs and services from periphery (poly-centricity as possibility of choice)
City region: sprawl, spatial mismatch; environmental injustice
Intra-city: uneven development, segregation (social inequality, socially excluded
localities, socially exclusionary places)
Key Issues of Urban Development in SEE, the work of NALAS

By Milena Garthley, NALAS -Network of Associations of Local Authorities in SouthEast Europe
Milena Garthley presented the main conclusions of two initiatives implemented under
the NALAS Task Force on Urban Planning, respectively two pilot projects on
integration of informal settlements and a Legal Comparative Analysis of Spatial and
Urban Planning in South Eastern Europe (SEE).
Urban planning in SEE current situation
On-going, gradual transfer of competencies to local authorities
Lack of participation of local government in central/ regional level planning
Lack of geographic information systems and ICT
High proportion of illegal buildings and informal settlements
Non-involvement of citizens in the urban decision-making processes
Frequent changes in legal framework which lead to uncertainty in planning
Prominent urban-related issues are as follows:
Insufficient legal framework, incl.: poor or incomplete planning framework; slow
planning processes; direct interference of central government into sovereign tasks of
local self-government; unresolved land and property ownerships; insufficient
harmonization of laws on urban, spatial and regional planning and other related
legislation, etc.
Poor implementation of the law, incl.: weak capacity of urban practitioners and lack of
experience in integrated development planning; weak enforcement of existing laws;
poor planning approaches and methodologies; and poor participation of affected
parties in the planning processes, etc.
Key Issues of Urban Development in Poland

By Grzegorz Wcawowicz, Polish Academy of Sciences
Historical background
Understanding urban patterns requires looking at the historical roots. Central
European cities experienced various evolutions, i.e. during the post-war
reconstruction, the industrialization period, the egalitarian cities, the elite cities, etc.
Industrialization at first and urbanization at a second stage. The socialist paradigm for
cities was reflected in the spatial structure, organizing social life next to the working
place and reducing interactions between communities. The concept of egalitarian cities
evolved with the introduction of market forces and new types of cities were developed
after the communist period. The reform of local self-government was crucial in this
evolution which also resulted in an increased social and spatial differentiation and a
change of perspective vis--vis urban space/urban identity. The access to the EU also
impacted the development of cities, thus increasing the competition between urban
areas and boosting the metropolization phenomenon. The urbanization process (as a
modernization process) still needs to be completed. [to be noted, the quality of life
index shows that the quality of life is better in large cities]
Main problems in Poland (in a context of declining population)
Housing shortage due to increasing number of single-person households and
inadequate social and communal infrastructure;
Gated communities, segregation and lack of appropriation of public spaces by some
segments of the population;
Fragmentation of governance ;
Consequences for housing estates relate to poor network service, mobility and access
issues, management/ maintenance of the housing stock and environment protection.
Assessing housing needs in Central and Eastern Europe

By Katerina Bezgachina, Habitat for Humanity, Europe & Central Asia Area Office
Housing issues in the region
Quantity vs. Quality of housing stock (70 % of the housing stock built during the
communist era is of poor quality and now suffers dilapidation)
Lack of affordable housing (new construction mostly targets high-level market)
as a response, support is being provided to condominiums for the purpose of
improving the housing stock
Affordability and access to finances in a context where the States have lowered their
support (i.e. subsidies) to the housing sector
Tenure rights (in post-conflict areas)
Fuel security and energy-efficiency vs. basic housing
Segregated/informal settlements, disaster mitigated constructions.
HfH recommendations
Enhanced cooperation between the State (subsidies/social rental units), the private
sector (developers) and the beneficiaries;
Increased access to finances and development of maintenance mechanisms through
training and capacity building.
Key Issues of Urban Development in Romania

By Doina Bubulete, INCD URBAN PROJECT
Main facts
There are 320 urban units; their spatial distribution contributes to a pattern of polycentric
development. The urbanization process alternated growth and decline with important
changes in the morphology of urban patterns in the 90s. It was noted that some cities
had inherited functional profiles not always in line with their initial vocation/ potentialities
and resources for development; and as a result, many cities faced difficulties to adjust to
the new social and economic context in the 90s.
The preparation process of the legal framework for the development of urban
settlements and urban network started in 1996 only. It resulted in the National Territorial
Plan (2001) which classifies urban settlements in accordance with their size and spatial
role and influence. Ranking is also established based on some indicators such as the
number of inhabitants, the proportion of paved roads, water supply, etc. From 1990 to
2007, the urban network continued expanding (plus 60 urban units).
Needs to be addressed to bridge the urban divide
Restructure the urban-related data made available in Romania
Improve the housing supply and standards and related basic urban services
Develop an investment strategy at national, regional and local levels and massively
invest in urban infrastructure towards further local and regional competitiveness and
social equality/inclusion.
Key Issues of Urban Development in Slovenia

By Mojca aek-Divjak, Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia
Main facts
The capital city, Ljubljana, has 270,000 inhabitants, the functional urban region has
500,000 inhabitants. In terms of settlement pattern, there are only three cities with more
than 50,000 inhabitants and a majority of small settlements (about 6,000 inhabitants).
There are three functional urban regions and also a number of gravitational centers (a
matter worth considering for the state of cities report). The urban population figures are
now stable (ex. Ljubljana) combined with enhanced daily migrations to suburban areas.
Main challenges
Demographic issues in the capital city: decreasing and aging population, and low
fertility
Inadequate housing market (size, quality, affordability, location) in urban areas which
can not presently accommodate the needs of youths;
Relocation of young households from the capital city to suburbans areas where land
and dwellings are made available at lower costs;
High cost of uncontrolled urban sprawl which also results in uneconomical land use,
expensive communal infrastructure and extensive use of private vehicle for daily
migrations
The way forward
Housing supply in line with the needs of the youth
Improved public transport system
System of Self-Local Government Analyses (SAS) as a source of

information on the quality of municipal services and
infrastructure in cities.
By Andrzej Porawski and Tomasz Potkaski, Association of Polish Cities
Main facts
The SAS is a database of performance indicators for municipal public services with the
aim of assisting decision- and policy-making in Poland. The database is administered by
the Association of Polish Cities and available on-line. Data relate to various fields such
as roads, public transport, social welfare, culture, education, municipal economy,
municipal housing, local government finance, quality of life, etc. The SAS will soon
expand with a new set of data, incl. energy efficiency and cooperation between local
authorities and NGOs. Data are collected from cities, public statistics or through specific
surveys/ analyses. The SAS is a valuable instrument for benchmarking, comparing
cities, monitoring trends and developments in some particular urban sectors, feeding the
legislative debate and exchanging experiences.
Such a database would certainly contribute enriching the state of cities report. It also
clearly underscores the portion of investments in cities directly supported through
decentralized budget - an important issue that may be considered in the state of cities
report.
Main conclusions
Decreasing urban population and correlated phenomenon of urban sprawl;
The need to sustain the level of urban services whilst high-tax payers migrated to
suburban areas - badly impacted local budgets;
High pressure on decentralized budget to support public expenditure/ investment while
some transfers of competencies to local authorities were not accompanied by
corresponding transfers of resources (ex. housing).
Key Issues of Urban Development in Hungary

By Gza Salamin, VTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development
and Town Planning
Looking at the national urban policy framework (the policy itself does not really exist
so far)
Some legislative and orientation instruments provide guidance for spatial and urban
planning, i.e. law on the built environment, guidelines for master plans, National Spatial
Plan, Spatial Development Concept, etc. EU policies clearly constituted drivers for urban
change. Integrated approaches to urban development were implemented. One hundred
cities formulated integrated urban development strategies under the guidance of the
central government. The ROP also provided some orientation and funding for the
purpose of urban regeneration.
Main challenges for the Hungarian urban system
Mono-centric model and lack of regional centers
Suburbanization and related impacts on the environment and infrastructure needs
Problem of accessibility and correlated right to the city
Challenges of Hungarian cities
Aging urban populations
Access and transportation issues (increased car traffic and pollution)
Weak public coordination in terms of planning (weak local authorities and
preponderance of developers)
Increased segregation (mostly affecting the Roma community)

Quality and standards of the housing stock
Urban governance mechanisms need further improvements
Outlook
Development of a polycentric development concept
Hungarian EU Presidency (2011): research on cities and demographic challenges and
handbook for cities to tackle climate change challenges
Creating creative capital in post socialist cities main

determinants
By Anna Karwiska, Cracow University of Economics
Modern cities need to be creative to face the challenges of the new economy, ensure
their competitiveness at local, national and global levels and create adequate living
environments and institutions conducive to the development of human capital. Modern
cities need to be inclusive, diversified and further promote creativity as an engine for
economic development
Different patterns lead to creativity and attractiveness. However, it remains essential for
cities to offer a new image (to potential inhabitants, investors, tourist, etc.), foster the
development of activities relating to culture, media, publishing, etc. and of a socially
inclusive milieu.
Developing the creativity capital in cities is a long and complex process, building on
various existing potentials; these can be multiform, i.e. talents, technology, tolerance and
also include natural resources, urban governance mechanisms, active civil society, etc.
Specificities of post-socialist cities were also presented, both heritage and current
changes being experienced, underlining incentives and constraints so as to build
creative capital in Polish cities. Examples touching on various existing bases for creative
capital in Krakow were further considered.
III Towards the preparation of the State of European Cities in

Transition report review and conclusions
Jerzy Adamski, Director of the Institute of Urban Development (IRM) presented the draft
outline of the report prepared by IRM under the guidance of UN-Habitat. He stated that
the report was not an additional research project, but rather an analysis based on
existing data, research and reports bringing these together in an overall picture of trends
and conditions describing the state of cities (also combining examples) that should lead
to policy recommendations and elevating urban issues on the national and regional
agendas. The session aimed at agreeing on the main aims and objectives of the report,
detailing its contents for stimulating domestic and regional cooperation and
implementation arrangements. The main conclusions of this session are summarized
below.
Contents of the report

Title of the report
Participants agreed on The State of European Cities in Transition 2010 as the main
title and a subtitle is to be decided during the editorial board meeting.
10
Regional coverage and regional subdivisions

It was agreed that the structure of the report would include sub-regional chapters, each
covering the five key themes in order to further highlight sub-regional specificities/
commonalities. The agreed sub-regional divisions are as follows:
Western subregion:
Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia
Eastern subregion:
Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine
Southern subregion:
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia
Table of contents of the report and titling of (sub)chapters
Participants extensively discussed the table of contents of the report, the titling of
chapters and subchapters and collectively identified emerging issues to be reflected in
the report. The revised draft outline is contained in annex 4.
Data
The data from UNDESA (World Urbanization Prospects) will be made available in March
2010 and shall be complemented by data from other sources (to be identified at regional,
national and local levels).
Potential sources were acknowledged:
data generated by the Urban Audit
www.citypopulation.de
www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc
Implementation plan
The revised implementation plan is contained in annex 5. The identification of a key
(high-level) regional event during which the report could be launched in early 2011 may
require further thinking.
Implementation and cooperation mechanisms
The following implementation scheme was discussed. UN-Habitat, through its regional
Office in Warsaw, would be responsible for the overall management of the initiative
whereas the Institute of Urban Development (IRM) would be responsible for the
substantive coordination of the report in liaison with the sub-regional drafting teams. The
drafting team should be comprised of interested institutions or individuals. Sub-regional
coordinators would also need to be identified [first draft chapters will be prepared at subregional level - not at country level].
Proposals were also put forward to facilitate the communication between the drafting
team:
Join the cooperation network Re-Co-net presently facilitated by the IRM as a
transnational, trans-regional network composed of institutes and organizations from
Central Europe which are active in the field of cities and regions-related spatial, social
and economic research.
Create a special restricted access platform on the Internet to share data, interim draft
chapters, etc.
Take the opportunity of research seminars, etc. organized at national level to present
draft chapters to further feed and stimulate preliminary reactions on the draft chapters
In terms of funding, it was said that the whole initiative may amount to USD 400,000
while UN-Habitat secured so far about USD 150,000 in seed funding.
11
Additional resources (cash or in-kind) will need to be mobilized in the region through
Governments and affiliated institutions. As a follow-up of the EGM, UN-Habitat will assist
in approaching Governments and possible funding institutions within the region.
Participants were also invited to explore cash or in-kind contribution potentials with their
respective institutions or other possible partners.
The added value of the report for Governments is a clear information on the state of
cities (vis--vis other cities, countries and the whole region) and a valuable instrument in
the perspective of developing an ambitious regional development policy.
Closing remarks
Both Jerzy Adamski, Director of the Institute of Urban Development (IRM) and Krzysztof
Mularczyk, Director of the UN-Habitat Warsaw Office, thanked all participants for their
contribution and support. It was confirmed that the revised draft outline and the meeting
report would be shortly circulated.
12
Annex 1. Programme of the EGM

25 January 2010 first day of the meeting
Timetable
10.30 11.00
Topic
Registration of participants
Coffee
11.00 11.15
Opening of the Expert Group Meeting
11.15 11.30
The State of CEE Cities Report: Background and

Purpose of the Workshop
11.30 12.15
Presentation of the Institutions
12.15 13.45
13.45 - 14.00
14.00 15.30
15.30 16.30
16.30 16.50
16.50 17.50
17.50 - 18.00
20.00
Speakers
Krzysztof Mularczyk, Director
of the UN-Habitat Warsaw
Office
Jerzy Adamski,
Director of the IRM, Poland
Joseph Maseland
UN-Habitat, Nairobi
(Power Point with max 5 slides or 3 minutes for each speaker)

Bulgarian Urban System short overview
Julia Spiridonova
National Center for Territorial Development
Key Issues of Urban Development in Czech Republic
Ludk Skora
Charles University in Prague
Key Issues of Urban Development in SEE, the work of NALAS
Milena Garthley
NALAS -Network of Associations of Local Authorities in South-East Europe
Key Issues of Urban Development in Poland
Grzegorz Wcawowicz
Polish Academy of Sciences
Assessing housing needs in Central and Eastern Europe
Katerina Bezgachina
Habitat for Humanity, Europe & Central Asia Area Office
(15 minutes for each presentation)
Coffee break
Key Issues of Urban Development in Romania
Doina Bubulete
INCD URBANPROIECT
Key Issues of Urban Development in Slovenia
Mojca aek-Divjak
Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia
Municipal Services- Quality of Life
Andrzej Porawski &Tomasz Potkaski
Association of Polish Cities
Key Issues of Urban Development in Hungary
Gza Salamin
VTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development and Town
Planning
The Role of Innovation Creative Cities
Anna Karwiska
Cracow University of Economics
(15 minutes for each presentation)
Lunch
Presentation of the Draft Annotated Outline of the State of Central and Eastern
Europe Cities Report
Jerzy Adamski, IRM
Discussion of the proposed outline of the report
End of the first day conclusions
Dinner at the Cherubino restaurant, ul. w.Tomasza 5
13
26 January 2010 second day of the meeting
9.00 - 11.00
Discussion on the proposed outline of the report (continued), the conditions of

participation of the potential partners in the elaboration of the report, the
availability of data resources in partners institutions and countries
11.00 11.15
Coffee break
11.15 13.00
Discussion on the time schedule of the work and the budgetary issues of the
elaboration of the report.
13.00 - 14.00
Lunch
14.00 16.00
Conclusions concerning: -
outline of the report

participation of the partners
form of a cooperation
schedule of the work
organizational and financial arrangement
End of the Expert Group Meeting
14
Annex 2. List of participants

Name
Surname
Function & Institution
Country
Email contact
Jerzy
Adamski
Director, Institute of Urban Development
Poland
jadamski@irm.krakow.pl
Katerina
Bezgachina
PR & Media Manager, Habitat for Humanity Europe & Central Asia
Area Office
Slovakia
Doina
Bubulete
Scientific Director, INCD URBANPROIECT
Romania
Milena
Garthley
Program Officer, NALAS -Network of Associations of Local

Authorities in South-East Europe
Macedonia
Wiktor
Gowacki
Assistant, Institute of Urban Development
Poland
wglowacki@irm.krakow.pl
Katarzyna
Gorczyca
Poland
kgorczyca@irm.krakow.pl
Aleksandra
JadachSepioo
Dr, Warsaw School of Economics, Investment and real Estate

Dept.
Poland
Karol
Janas
Poland
kjanas@irm.krakow.pl
Anna
Karwiska
Prof. UEK dr hab., Cracow University of Economics
Poland
karwinsa@ae.krakow.pl
10
Joseph
Maseland
Global Coordinator of the regional reports, UN-Habitat
Kenya
joseph.maseland@unhabitat.org
11
Gwendoline
Mennetrier
Human Settlements Officer, UN-Habitat Warsaw Office
Poland
gwendoline.mennetrier@unhabitat.org
12
Krzysztof
Mularczyk
Director of the UN-Habitat Warsaw Office
Poland
krzysztof.mularczyk@unhabitat.org
13
Anna
Nadolna
URBACT Contact Point - Association of Polish Cities
Poland
anna.nadolna@zmp.poznan.pl
14
Richrd
Ongjerth
Managing Director, Hungarian Society for Urban Planning
Hungary
ongjerth@t-online.hu
15
Andrzej
Porawski
Director, Association of Polish Cities
Poland
apo@zmp.poznan.pl
16
Tomasz
Potkaski
Deputy Director, Association of Polish Cities
Poland
tpotkanski@zmp.poznan.pl
17
Gza
Salamin
Head of Department, VTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company

for Regional Development and Town Planning
Hungary
18
Mojca
aek - Divjak
Ph.D., Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia
Slovenia
Mojca.Sasek-Divjak@uirs.si
19
Marta
Skiba
Dr inz. arch., University of Zielona Gra
Poland
M.Skiba@ib.uz.zgora.pl
20
Julia
Spiridonova
Associate Prof., National Centre for Territorial Development
Bulgaria
julia@aster.net
Ludk
Skora
Ph.D. Doc. RNDr., Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science
Czech
Republic
sykora@natur.cuni.cz
21
22
Grzegorz
Wcawowicz
Prof. dr hab., Polish Academy of Sciences
Poland
g.wecla@twarda.pan.pl
23
Andrzej
Zborowski
Dr hab., Jagiellonian University
Poland
andrzej.zborowski@uj.edu.pl
24
Zygmunt
Ziobrowski
Prof. IRM dr hab. arch. Deputy Director of Research, Institute of

Urban Development
Poland
kbezgachina@habitat.org
bubulete@incdurban.ro
garthley@nalas.eu
aleksandraanna12@wp.pl
gsalamin@vati.hu
zziobrowski@irm.krakow.pl
Annex 3. Presentation by participating Institutions (summary)

Institution Name
National Centre for
Regional Development
Country/
region
Bulgaria
Charles University in
Czech
Prague, Faculty of
Republic
Science, Dept. of Social
Geography and
Regional Development,
Centre for Urban and
Regional Research
Habitat for Humanity, Europe
Europe and Central Asia
Office
Hungarian Association
of Urban Planners
Hungary
VTI Hungarian Public

Nonprofit Company for
Regional Development
and Town Planning
Hungary
Institute of Urban
Development (Instytut
Rozwoju Miast)
Poland
Type
Areas of expertise/ fields of work
Public-private
company
Support to planning/ programming spatial/ urban planning policies and

strategies.
Partner in international projects.
Teaching and research: regional development and regional policies, longterm development in land use and cover change in rural areas,
comparative research of urban change in post-communist societies,
housing policies, and international migration within enlarged Europe.
Large basic research project Geographic Systems and Risk Processes in
the Context of Global Change and European Integration
Academic
Institution
NGO
Motto: everyone has a right to a decent and affordable shelter.

Support to housing/ building activities in 20 countries in Europe and Central
Asia, mainly through housing microfinance partnerships and small
affordable loans.
Non-profit
Acting as UN-Habitat Information Office in Hungary.
company
Research and development of working methodologies and monitoring
mechanism in urban planning for the GoH and local authorities.
500 members
Research
Technical assistance for research and studies in the field of spatial
Institute
planning and regional development.
Partner in international activities/ networks (ex. ESPON, EUKN, etc.)
Young members; innovative approach to urban planning/ regional
development.
Scientific and Research and practical application in spatial planning, land management,
Research
urban renewal, environment shaping and protection, municipal and housing
Institute
economies, building and real-estate management, etc.
Member of numerous European research/ academic/ international
cooperation Networks/ Projects (ex. REPUS, Carpathian Project, etc.).
Polish Academy of
Sciences, Institute of
Geography and Spatial
Organization
Jagiellonian University
Poland
Academic
Institution
Poland
Academic
Institution
Academic
Institution
Warsaw School of
Poland
Economics (SGH), Dept.
of Investment & Real
Estate
Cracow University
Economics
Association
Cities
of
of Poland
Academic
Institution
Teaching and research: urban and population geography

International cooperation
Ongoing research on the mechanisms of transformation of cities and
metropolitan areas in Poland and Central Europe.
Teaching and research: demographic forecasts, urban and social
geography
Research activities: investment in real estate, property management,
financial infrastructure for housing; and sustainable urban development,
urban regeneration and the role of public-private partnership in both
processes.
Partner in international projects (ex. NODUS, etc.)
Teaching and research: economic geography; urban history; regional and
local development; urban governance and local administration.
Polish Poland
Association of Goal: promote the exchange of experiences and practices on urban

local
governance
authorities
Largest research project: the Self-government Analysis System (SAS)
INCD URBANPROIECT Romania
Research
Focus on spatial and urban planning, incl. implementation of GIS
Institute
Research activities and development of theoretical, legal and regulatory
(GoR)
frameworks at regional, county and city levels.
Partner in international projects (ex. Danube River Area Project).
Urban Planning Institute Slovenia
National
Studies/ methods in spatial and regional planning, urban planning and
of the Republic of
Research
design, landscape planning and design, enviromental and cultural heritage
Slovenia
Institute
protection, housing, etc.
(GoS)
Execution of pilot projects for spatial/ urban development
Training of planners
Partner in international projects (ex. RESTATE, LIVINGALL, EPSON, etc.)
Network of Associations South East Association of 15 members (representing about 4000 local authorities), all South East
of Local Authorities in Europe
local
peninsula, except Greece.
South-East
Europe
authorities
Four Task Forces: urban planning, fiscal decentralization, energy efficiency
(NALAS)
and waste management.
17
Annex 4. Revised draft outline
THE STATE OF EUROPEAN CITIES IN TRANSITION 2010

DRAFT ANNOTATED OUTLINE
Preliminaries
The preliminaries include: (i) the cover, (ii) inside cover, (iii) title page, (iv & v) forewords
by the Directors of UN-Habitat and the partnering regional economic commission or
other main partner, (vi) Table of Contents, (vii) Acknowledgements and (viii) Introduction.
The Introduction explains the reasons for the report, the geographical coverage,
rationale for sub-regional approach, target audience etc. It should cover no more than 11
pages, leaving space for page-size illustrations and key graphs and maps. This section
will be prepared by UN-Habitat.
Additionally, there is need for an explanation of terms and acronyms (to be provided by
region) not exceeding 1 page.
CH 1.
The State of European Cities in Transition 2010

The first chapter is about 30 pages and starts with an executive summary
including (a) a region-wide overview, region-wide key messages, and a summary
of region-wide policy recommendations, followed by three subregion-specific
summaries, subregion-specific policy recommendations and subregion-specific
messages. It concludes the Executive Summary with a section on key emerging
issues in the region.
1.1
Summary and Policy recommendations

Region-wide Summary and Policy recommendations (5 pages)
Western subregion Summary and Policy Recommendations (3 pages)
(Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania Poland, Slovakia,
Slovenia)
Eastern subregion Summary and Policy Recommendations (3 pages)
(Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine)
Southern subregion Summary and Policy Recommendations (3
pages)
(Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia)
Regional Emerging Issues (2 pages)
1.2
The Historic Urban Perspective (4 pages)
This section focuses on urban issues during (a) the pre-1989 period, and (b) the
post 1989-period (with a focus on declining/emerging industries, shrinking and
growing cities, local government reforms, local revenue reforms, EU accession
and the role of EU funds, historic urbanization trends, and the need for
revitalization) with a concise description of the historical background of the region
(historical development, changes in the Balkan countries, different patterns of
urbanization and the drivers of urban change).
1.3
The Regions Largest Cities (3 pages)
1.4
Trends and Innovations (4 pages)
1.5
Governance in Regional Urban Systems (4 pages)

1.5.1 Urban systemic categories by type of governance
1.5.2 Local-regional (sub-national)-national relations.
1.5.3 Deficiencies of urban finance, urban policies and urban
planning
1.5.4 Urban vulnerability to systemic shocks
Main facts concerning the largest cities (in absolute terms) and capital cities in
the region. Urban growth rates; explanation of the meaning of the term urban in
the region (in notes). The role of large cities, capitals and metropolitan areas in
the national, regional and overall European context, both for EU and non-EU
territories (source: ESPON results, State of European Cities Report -2007).
Region-wide map showing spatial distributions of urban settlements over 200,000
inhabitants.
Specify current and emerging trends and innovations in the region: demographic
change, changing patterns of urbanization, emerging new urbanization
configurations, urban sprawl, intra-city disparities, transportation problems, need
for municipal services and infrastructure development, informal settlement
formation and growing dilapidated urban areas incidence, energy efficiency,
transnational urban systems of cooperation and development, the role of the
trans-European transport network. Transnational urban systems. Examples
illustrating some trends in sub-regions (maps, tables, figures).
Shocks resulting from rapid demographic shifts, economic transition. Cities at risk
(climate change, flooding, seismic or industrial
Ch 2. The State of Western Sub-regions Cities2

Brief introduction, listing of the countries grouped under western sub-region and
reasons for including them in this group
2.1.
Population and Urbanization (10 pages)

2.1.1 Urbanizations trends (2 pages)
National urbanization rates and regional aggregate rates time series 1980-2030,
decade intervals. Explanation of main factors of urbanization rates growth.
Spatial development of cities. Changes in the dynamic of urbanization rates.
Intra-sub-regional differentiation. Prospective trends.
2.1.2 Demographic change (3 pages)
Short description of main or specific demographic trends in the region: history,

current situation, population and age structure, economic and social context of
urban demographic changes, aging cities, prospects.
2.1.3 Migration dynamics and impact on cities (2 pages)
Scale, structure, reasons of internal and trans-national migration/immigration and

impacts on urban development.
For the purposes of this report, the western sub-region comprises the following countries: Czech
Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
19
2.1.4 Cities size and population distribution within countries (2

pages)
Facts and figures. City size structure and regional/ countries differentiation.
Largest cities population and dynamic. Population trends in the largest cities
2.1.5 Spatial distribution of sub-regions urban population (1 pagesize map and perhaps no narrative required)
2.2.
The Economic Roles of Cities (8 pages)

2.2.1 Cities in the world system (2 pages)
Cities viewed in a global, regional national and local context. Looking at the
various (economic) roles of cities in a decreasing scale context and the
implications. Cities as transportation nodes in the global, European, regional
transportation network. Sub-regions transnational corridors.
2.2.2 Changes in the urban economy (2 pages)

General trends and changes in the urban economy during the
transformation period. The role of small and medium cities in the regional
context. Declining/emerging industries. Increasing role of the services (tertiary)
sector. GDP by sectors (country level). Intra-sub-regional differentiation and
(using regional data to express the roles of cities).
2.2.3 Typology of Sub-regions cities (3 pages)
Identification and short description of main types of cities in Sub-region using
adopted typology: international hubs, specialised poles, regional poles
(source:State of European Cities Report -2007). Selected data for some types of
cities.
2.2.4 Human capital, culture and innovation (1 page)
Increasing role of the innovation, education, R@D and IT. Cities as nodes of
innovation network/ clusters. Culture as important factor of development.
Summary. Facts and figures. Good examples. Countries innovation index (1
table)
2.3.
Social and Housing Issues (9 pages)

2.3.1 Social inequality, exclusion and spatial segregation (1 page)
Facts and figures. Trends on levels of poverty, exclusion, urban security and
safety, intra-city inequalities. Scale, causes and structure. Interventions.
2.3.2 Housing conditions (2 pages)
Quality of housing stock, shelter deprivations (water, sanitation, durable

construction materials, crowding incidence [more than one household per unit],
security of tenure), share of households experiencing one, two or multiple shelter
deprivations. Ownership of dwellings.
2.3.3 Housing supply and affordability (2 pages)
Tables with the data concerning density, standards of the dwellings, etc. Annual
housing unit supply/1,000 households. Affordability, homelessness (and informal
settlements). Scale of social housing. Comparison of the trends in the
improvement of housing conditions in the sub-regions countries.
20
2.3.4 Housing management and housing finance (2 pages)
Management and maintenance of municipal / social housing stock. Support for

housing stock rehabilitation. General review of housing finance (state, regional,
municipal expenditures for housing (maintenance of existing stock, new
construction and housing allowances). Development of housing mortgage
market.
2.3.5 Housing policy (2 pages)
Identification of main type of approaches, elements and instruments of state,

regional or municipal policies and programs supporting affordable housing (new
construction or housing allowances) Housing and property rights. Examples of
specific national programs.
2.4
Urban Environmental Challenges (9 pages)

Sections 2.4.1 2.4.4 should follow the structure:
Summary of trends, facts and figures focused on the aspects of accessibility to
the services and reducing negative impacts on the environment. Good examples,
new initiatives and new solutions. Tables with the trends of energy consumption,
emission of the pollution, access to water, scale and percentage of the waste
disposal, transport development. The scale of investments in new municipal
infrastructures. The role of EU funding.
2.4.1 Water, Sanitation and Waste Management (3 pages)
2.4.2 Mobility and urban transport (2 pages)
2.4.3 Energy consumption and energy efficiency (2 pages)
2.4.4 Environmental protection as a Challenge (2 pages)
2.5.
Urban Governance Systems (7 pages)

2.5.1 National Policies for Urban Issues (1 page)
General description of the existing national policy or the element of the sectoral
approaches focused on the urban/metropolitan? areas (legal, institutional, fiscal,
financial aspects).
2.5.2 Decentralization and local government systems (1 page)

Main elements and structure of local government system.
2.5.3 Management of urban issues at regional and local level (2

pages)
Horizontal and vertical coordination, inter-municipal cooperation.

Legal, institutional form, instruments supporting co-operation. Short and general
description of the system of local government finance in the countries of subregions. Table with the information concerning local budget. Participatory
municipal budgeting.
2.5.4 Initiatives for the improvement of municipal administration (1

page)
Description of good examples. Integrated development. Leipzig Charter. The role

of EU funds and programs. Public participation.
2.5.5 Towards
collaborative
Development (1 page)
Spatial
Planning
and
Urban
General review of the spatial planning system in the countries of sub-region.

Relation of the spatial planning with other sectoral plans (environmental,
21
infrastructural, economic, social development). Public participation in the

planning system.
2.5.6 Divided Cities and Cooperation (1 page)

Cities across the border.
2.6.
Emerging Issues (7 pages)
Sub-chapter focused on the presentation key emerging issues in future

development of the sub-regions urban system and description of main emerging
development areas/ corridors with the planned/ proposed directions and forms
of intervention.
2.6.1 Competition or Cooperation? (4 pages)
Industries location, urban competition, getaway cities, urban specialization.
2.6.2 Access to the Core of the EU (1 page)

2.6.3 Cities and Climate Change (1 page)
2.6.4 Towards Multi-cultural Societies (1 page)
CH 3.
3.1.
The State of the Eastern Sub-regions Cities3
Brief introduction, listing of the countries grouped under eastern sub-region and
reasons for including them in this group




pages)
3.2.

For the purposes of this report, the eastern sub-region comprises the following countries:
Belarus, Republic of Moldova, Ukraine.
22
transportation network. The role of transport in the urban economy. Sub-regions
transnational corridors.

3.2.3 Typology of Sub-regions cities (3 pages)
Identification and short description of main types cities in Sub-region using
cities.
3.2.4 Human capital, culture and innovation (1 page)
table)
3.3.

3.3.1 Social inequality, exclusion and spatial segregation (1 page)


housing stock rehabilitation. General review of housing finance (state, regional,
market.

23

3.4.

infrastructures. The role of EU funding?
3.5.

financial aspects).


pages)
Horizontal and vertical coordination, inter-municipal cooperation.


page)

3.5.5 Towards
collaborative
Spatial
Planning
and
Urban

planning system.

3.6

of intervention.
24

3.6.3 Towards Multi-cultural Societies (2 pages)
Ch 4. The State of Southern Sub-regions Cities4

Brief introduction, listing of the countries grouped under southern sub-region
and reasons for including them in this group
4.1.




pages)
4.2.

transportation network. The role of transport in the urban economy. Sub-regions
transnational corridors.

4
For the purposes of this report, the southern sub-region comprises the following countries:
Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia.
25
4.2.3. Typology of Sub-regions cities (3 pages)

Identification and short description of main types cities in Sub-region using
cities.
4.2.4. Human capital, culture and innovation (1 page)
table)
4.3

4.3.1. Social inequality, exclusion and spatial segregation (1 page)


housing stock rehabilitation,. General review of housing finance (state, regional,
market.

4.4.

infrastructures. The role of EU funding.
26

4.5.

financial aspects).


pages)
Horizontal and vertical coordination, inter-municipal cooperation. (


page)

4.5.5 Towards
collaborative
Spatial
Planning
and
Urban

planning system.

4.6.

of intervention.

4.6.3 Post-conflict States (1 page)
4.6.4 Towards Multi-cultural Societies (1 page)
27
STATISTICAL ANNEX
Table 1.a
Total Population 1980-2030
Table 1.b
Total Population 1980-2030 Growth Rates
Table 2.
City Population and Growth Rates 1980-2030
Table 3.a
Urban Population 1980-2030
Table 3.b
Urban Population Growth Rates 1980-2030
Table 4.a
Rural Population 1980-2030
Table 4.b
Rural Population Growth Rates 1980-2030
Table 5.
Population Age Structure >55 years, absolute and growth

rates, 1980-2030
National, regional and Sub-regional, decade intervals

National, regional and Sub-regional, decade intervals
Decade intervals
Decade intervals
Decade intervals
National, regional and sub-regional, decade intervals

National, regional and sub-regional, decade intervals
National, decade intervals
Table 6.
Share of Population Non-native Born, %, 1980-2030
Table 7.
Housing Conditions by Deprivation (%), 1980-2030
Table 8.
Single-person households
households, 1980-2030
Using the five UN-HABITAT criteria of housing deprivation, the table

shows share (%) of populations by deprivation, by double deprivation and
multiple deprivations (or more), national data, decade intervals.
as
of
total
number
of
National data, decade intervals
Table 9.
Housing United Constructed/1,000 inhabitants, 1980-2030
Consider inclusion of CD with more date and city, national, sub-regional and regional
level.
28
Annex 5. Indicative implementation Plan
Project schedule
2010
2011
Month
Creation of an Editorial Board

(done)
Editorial board meeting: work plan &
draft outline of the report (done)
Identification of national experts and
institutions
Data collection and analysis, case
studies, report-writing
Editorial Board Meeting to review
draft 1 (on-line, 2 weeks)
Expert Group Meeting to validate
draft 2
Final revision
10
11
Editing
Artwork and printing
Cities Regional Forum
12
13
29
14
15

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The State of European

Cities in Transition report

Expert Group Meeting

Warsaw, February 2010

Objectives of the EGM

The State of Cities report: briefing and key facts/ lessons

I - Presentation by participating Institutions

II - Key Issues of Urban Development in the region overview

Contents of the report

Implementation and cooperation mechanisms

Annex 2. List of participants

Annex 3. Presentation by participating Institutions (summary)

Annex 4. Revised annotated outline of the report

Annex 5. Indicative implementation plan

Objectives of the Expert Group Meeting (EGM)

The State of Cities report: briefing and key facts/ lessons

I Presentations by participating Institutions

II - Key Issues of Urban Development in the region overview

Bulgarian Urban System

Key Issues of Urban Development in Czech Republic

Full presentations are available on request.

new economic zones; shrinking towns in declining areas; towns in peripheral

Key Issues of Urban Development in SEE, the work of NALAS

Key Issues of Urban Development in Poland

Assessing housing needs in Central and Eastern Europe

Key Issues of Urban Development in Romania

Key Issues of Urban Development in Slovenia

System of Self-Local Government Analyses (SAS) as a source of

Key Issues of Urban Development in Hungary

Increased segregation (mostly affecting the Roma community)

Creating creative capital in post socialist cities main

III Towards the preparation of the State of European Cities in

Contents of the report

Regional coverage and regional subdivisions

Annex 1. Programme of the EGM

Opening of the Expert Group Meeting

The State of CEE Cities Report: Background and

Presentation of the Institutions

(Power Point with max 5 slides or 3 minutes for each speaker)

26 January 2010 second day of the meeting

Discussion on the proposed outline of the report (continued), the conditions of

outline of the report

End of the Expert Group Meeting

Annex 2. List of participants

Function & Institution

Director, Institute of Urban Development

Scientific Director, INCD URBANPROIECT

Program Officer, NALAS -Network of Associations of Local

Assistant, Institute of Urban Development

Assistant, Institute of Urban Development

Dr, Warsaw School of Economics, Investment and real Estate

Assistant, Institute of Urban Development

Prof. UEK dr hab., Cracow University of Economics

Global Coordinator of the regional reports, UN-Habitat

Human Settlements Officer, UN-Habitat Warsaw Office

Director of the UN-Habitat Warsaw Office

URBACT Contact Point - Association of Polish Cities

Managing Director, Hungarian Society for Urban Planning

Director, Association of Polish Cities

Deputy Director, Association of Polish Cities

Head of Department, VTI Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company

Ph.D., Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia

Dr inz. arch., University of Zielona Gra

Associate Prof., National Centre for Territorial Development