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NS2 Code for Blackhole Attack (multiple

blackholes) in AODV Protocol
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ganesh reddy

blackhole attack

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Rushing attacks-(3/01/2014)
NS2 code for Rushing attacks

Blackhole attack:
In this attack, adversary node drops all the packets passed through it. In order to do
this, the adversary node attracts the neighbor node with false route reply with less hop
count and greater sequence number. Once, route is established through that node then
the neighbor node starts sending packets and eventually all packets will be dropped at
adversary. Many wireless routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, HWMP, DSDV etc.
are vulnerable to Blackhole attack.

Blackhole attack implementation in AODV routing protocol

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ganesh reddy

The following scenario consists of 25 nodes, in which 1,7 and 13 nodes are blackhole
nodes and other nodes are non-malicious.

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2013 (1)
June (1)
blackhole attack

About Me

To create multiple blackhole attackers in AODV protocol

i)
In aodv.h the following blue colour lines needs to be added to define balckhole
attackers
/*

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* History management
*/
double

PerHopTime(aodv_rt_entry *rt);

nsaddr_t malicious;
ii)
In aodv.cc the following blue colour lines needs to be added to initialize the
attackers
int
AODV::command(intargc, const char*const* argv) {
if(argc == 2) {
Tcl&tcl = Tcl::instance();

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if(strncasecmp(argv[1], "id", 2) == 0) {
tcl.resultf("%d", index);
return TCL_OK;
}
if(strncasecmp(argv[1], "blackhole", 9) == 0) {
malicious=1000;
return TCL_OK;
}
AODV::AODV(nsaddr_t id) : Agent(PT_AODV),
btimer(this), htimer(this), ntimer(this),
rtimer(this), lrtimer(this), rqueue() {
index = id;
seqno = 2;
bid = 1;
LIST_INIT(&nbhead);
LIST_INIT(&bihead);
malicious=999;

Malicious nodes 1,7 and 13 generates fake route replies using following blue colour
code
//add in receive route request
if(rq->rq_dst == index) {
#ifdef DEBUG
fprintf(stderr, "%d - %s: destination sending reply\n",
index, __FUNCTION__);
#endif // DEBUG
// Just to be safe, I use the max. Somebody may have
// incremented the dstseqno.
seqno = max(seqno, rq->rq_dst_seqno)+1;
if (seqno%2) seqno++;
sendReply(rq->rq_src,
// IP Destination
1,
// Hop Count
index,
// Dest IP Address
seqno,
// Dest Sequence Num
MY_ROUTE_TIMEOUT, // Lifetime
rq->rq_timestamp); // timestamp
Packet::free(p);
}
//blackhole attackers
else if(malicious==1000)
{
seqno = max(seqno, rq->rq_dst_seqno)+1;
if (seqno%2) seqno++;
sendReply(rq->rq_src,
// IP Destination
1,
// Hop Count
rq->rq_dst,
seqno,
MY_ROUTE_TIMEOUT,
rq->rq_timestamp); // timestamp
//rt->pc_insert(rt0->rt_nexthop);
Packet::free(p);
}
Since, all attackers do not have route to destination, attackers have to disable the send
(error).

The following blue colour code disables the send (error)

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// add in route resolve function (AODV::rt_resolve(Packet *p) )

else {
Packet *rerr = Packet::alloc();
structhdr_aodv_error *re = HDR_AODV_ERROR(rerr);
/*
* For now, drop the packet and send error upstream.
* Now the route errors are broadcast to upstream
* neighbors - Mahesh 09/11/99
*/
assert (rt->rt_flags == RTF_DOWN);
re->DestCount = 0;
re->unreachable_dst[re->DestCount] = rt->rt_dst;
re->unreachable_dst_seqno[re->DestCount] = rt->rt_seqno;
re->DestCount += 1;
#ifdef DEBUG
fprintf(stderr, "%s: sending RERR...\n", __FUNCTION__);
#endif
if(malicious==1000);

else
sendError(rerr, false);
drop(p, DROP_RTR_NO_ROUTE);
modified aodv.cc file
modified aodv.h file
After replacing original aodv.cc and aodv.h files,
first perform $make clean operation in ns-allinone-2.xx\ns-2.xx folder then
$make
iii) To define the blackhole attackers in tcl add these lines after node initialization
$ns at 0.0 "[$n1 set ragent_] blackhole1"
$ns at 0.0 "[$n7 set ragent_] blackhole2"
$ns at 0.0 "[$n13 set ragent_] blackhole3"
Above scenario example tcl file blackhole attacks scenario
--------------------------------------------------------------------Goodput calculation file goodput
To calculate goodput: type-> perl goodput.pl outputfile name granularity(for 1 or
2... n seconds) > filename
eg $ perl goodput.pl out.tr 10 > results
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Packet Delivery Ratio (pdr) file: pdr

To calculate Packet Delivery Ratio:

$ perl pdr.pl trafile_name sour-node1 sour_node2 sour_node3 sour_node4 dest_node
>fname

eg :
$perl pdr.pl our.tr _20_ _21_ _11_ _17_ _18_ > result
all files in zip format : all files
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