CERTIFICATE

DECLARATION

II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

III

PREFACE

IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents
S.NO

NAME OF THE TOPIC

PAGE NUMBER

1.

Introduction to GSM

1-6

2.

GSM Architecture

7-12

3.

GSM Identifiers

13-14

4.

2G Handover

14-15

5.

Multiple access method used in GSM

15-16

6.

2G Channels

16-19

7.

Call flow

19-22

8.

Introduction to 3G

22-23

9.

3G Architecture

23-24

10.

Frequency spectrum

25-26

11.

Codes

26-27

12.

3G channels

28-32

13.

3G handover

33-34

14.

Call flow

34-35

15.

Introduction to 4G

35-36

16.

4G Architecture

37-39

17.

Frequency spectrum

39-40

18.

Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiple Access

40-41

19.

Multiple Input Multiple Output

41-42

20.

4G channels

43-46

21.

Project Work

47-67

22.

Refrences

68

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without accomplishing the people
who made it all possible and whose constant guidance and encouragement secured us the
success
This seems to be a fitting moment for me to express my heartfelt gratitude towards all those who
are helping me tirelessly and patiently in my training work. It gives me a great sense of pleasure
to present this report in the mid of my 6 month industrial training. Training in an organization
like TELCOCRATS TECHNOLOGIES PVT.LTD which is fuelled by the individuals with so
much zest & energy, teaming up to form a formidable force, is itself a true learning experience
which is going to help us immensely in our career.
To begin with, I express my sincere thanks to Mr. KAPIL BHUTANI (Head of telcocrats). I
owe special debt of gratitude to Er. Mayank (Chief RF Engineer), and to all my training
coordinators for allowing me to avail all the available amenities in the division. I am thankful to
them for sharing their vast resource of knowledge and experience with me.
I would also like to thank Dr. Gurmeet Kaur (HOD) of ECE department to allow me to
continue my training at telcocrats and also to Er. Ekambir Sidhu who recommended me to join
telcocrats telchonogies.

Preface
This training is based on the telecommunication. The network planning is not only to define the
initial network roll-out targets, but also to provide moving targets to the continuous process that
takes the whole life time of the network. Before the2G and 3G network is launched, all the work
is focused on estimating how the network should look like. After the network launch customer
intake and behavior will decide the network development direction.
The most demanding tasks are to gather all the required information for the planning work and
making the network roll-out decisions based on all these estimations, operator demands and
assumptions of future costs. Cost estimations are usually very sensitive to the changes in basic
assumptions and it is crucial that all assumptions are recorded to the network roll-out plan.
Network roll out is the foundation to establish a 2G& 3G network. In this project we will design
a network theoretically as well as practically. The whole planning of a network give details about
the frequency need, type of media required, type of antennas, orientation, how was the clutter in
that area, how many sites we need to establish a good network etc...

COMPANY PROFILE

Company Name: Telcocrats Technologies

About Company: TELCOCRATS TECHNOLOGIES Pvt. Ltd. is a Certified Company is a
provider of Telecommunication based Solutions, including Network Solutions, System
Integration service, Corporate Solutions and Telecom Education.
The team at TELCOCRATS Technologies is well-qualified and strongly motivated and
committed to providing the high level of personal service and customer satisfaction. All
processes within TELCOCRATS Technologies are aligned towards the highest quality standards.
Company "Believe in the Best", be it people, products or services.
Companys solutions include 2G, 3G & 4G telecom network solutions, Network deployment &
integration, Performance, RF optimization and Drive testing, Value added services, Next
generation networks, new technologies and Telecom education. Our experienced engineers make
sure that you get the best possible solutions.
Companys approach to everything emanates from this corporate philosophy. With every new
day the quest for acquiring new competencies continues. Forever searching, experimenting,
innovating, learning, moving ahead with our sincere efforts and dedication, shaping the future,
and challenging our competencies to create new opportunities, is a never-ending process.
TELCOCRATS is a globally recognized name in the field of telecommunication training, and
engineers with TELCOCRATS Certified Telecom Expert - GLOBAL (TCTE-GLOBAL)
certification are recognized by industry worldwide.