Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of
Agrometeorology
Volume 15
Special Issue - II
December 2013
JOURNAL OF AGROMETEOROLOGY
Volume 15
Special Issue - II
December 2013
Peer-reviewed papers presented at the 6th National Symposium on Climate Change and Indian
Agriculture: Slicing Down the Uncertainties at Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture
(CRIDA), Santosh Nagar, Hyderabad - 500 059 during 22-23 January, 2013. The National Seminar
was organized jointly by Association of Agrometeorologists, AP Chapter and CRIDA.
Convener:
B. Bapuji Rao, Hyderabad
Co-conveners
P. VijayaKumar, Hyderabad
M. Prabhakar, Hyderabad
S. Desai, Hyderabad
A.V.M. Subba Rao, Hyderabad
Scientific Steering Committee
P.S.N. Sastry, Hyderabad
B.V. Ramana Rao, Hyderabad
G.G.S.N. Rao, Hyderabad
Variation in absorption of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and PAR use efficiency of
wheat and mustard grown under intercropping system - Sarika Jena, P. Bandopadhyay, R. Nath
and P.K. Chakraborty
Effect of high temperature in flowering stage of hybrid and inbred rice genotypes on seed set and
its related physiological characteristics - I.M. Khan
Mitigation options for climate change through Biofuel production and usage in India - I. Srinivas
and G. Rajeshwar Rao
Effect of different sowing environments and applied phosphorus on dry matter accumulation,
thermal indices at different growth stages and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum
L) - R.P. Meena, B.L. Meena and N. S. Solanki
Resource conservation technologies for arresting soil loss, improving carbon sequestration and
land productivity-a panacea for climate resilient agriculture in rainfed hill ecosystem - Anup Das,
G. I. Ramkrushna, B.U. Choudhury, Sandip Mandal, K.P. Mohapatra, R. Krishnappa, D.J.
Rajkhowa, S.V. Ngachan, Jayanta Layek and G.C. Munda
Use of ICT tools for dissemination of weather based agro advisories: A critical analysis - K.
Nagasree, K. Ravi Shankar, Sreenath Dixit, B. Venkateswarlu, A.V.M. SubbaRao and Vijay
Jesudasan
Assessment of nitrogen status of castor using remote sensing techniques - K. Suresh, D.
Balaguravaiah and G. Jayasree
Spectral and spatial properties of rice brown plant hopper and groundnut late leaf spot disease
infestation under natural field conditions - M. Prabhakar, Y.G. Prasad, S. Desai and M. Thirupathi
b) Poster Sessions
Changes in length of growing period in future climate scenarios at selected locations of Chhattisgarh
state - N. Manikandan, A.S.R.S. Sastri, S.R. Patel and R. Singh
Reference crop evapotranspiration over India: A comparision of estimates from open pan with
Penman-Monteith method - B. Bapuji Rao, V.M.Sandeep, P.Shanti Bhushan Chowdary, V.P.
Pramod and V.U.M. Rao
Weather based sunflower yield forecast models in Northern Karnataka - J.R. Hiremath, A.K.
Guggari and H. Venkatesh
Exploration of possible adaptation strategies for climate resilient rice production systems in Assam
- Nivedita Doley, S. Barman, R.L. Deka and U. Barman
Phenology and productivity of mustard (Brassica juncea) as influenced by thermal regimes and
irrigation levels - N.S. Solanki, R.P. Meena, B. Bhavya, D.S. Rawat and V.U.M. Rao
Adaptation to climate change : Integrated nutrient use in cotton - V.S.L.Raj Rushi, K.P. Prasuna
Rani, P.R.K. Prasade and P.Anil kumar
Conservatrion agriculture in maize-horsegram system in rainfed Alfisols for soil carbon
sequestration and climate change mitigation - Sumanta Kundu, Ch. Srinivasarao, B. Venkateswarlu,
T. Satyanarayana, R.B. Mallick and R. Prakash Naik
Impact of coconut based cropping systems and soil moisture conservation measures on soil
temperature under coastal sandy soil - P. Subramanyam, R. Dhanapal and Haresha
Agro-advisories and crop planning on weather basis in scarcity zone of Maharashtra - J.R. Kadam,
J.D. Jadhav, S.B. Thorve, S.K. Upadhye and D.B. Bhanvase
Assessment of climate change and its impact on growth and yield of wheat under temperate and
sub-tropical conditions through DSSAT4.0 - Manpreet Kour, K.N. Singh, Mahender Singh, N.P.
Thakur, Dileep Kachroo and Rohit Sharma
Modelling methane emissions from rice fields in Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand Calibration and validation of DNDC model - Asha Latwal and A.S. Nain
Impact of weather parameters on emerging pest and diseases of tomato in Rangareddy district of
Andhra Pradesh - K. Sireesha, M. Vijaya, P. Madhavi Latha, R.V.S.K. Reddy, J. Dilip Babu, S.
Vennila, M. Srinivasa Rao and G.Kiran
Impact of climate change on rice diseases of Assam and its management options - Kuldeep
Talukdar, R.L. Deka and Dipika Deori
Meteorological data at micro level may be collected on priority basis. If needed funds may be
sought from various funding agencies including ICAR for collection of the data.
In climate change projections, use of PRECIS or NATCOM data need to be suspended till the
IPCCs assessment report comes out by the end of 2013.
The quality of both meteorological and crop data should be ensured while projecting the future
yields using simulation models.
Regional yield estimates for future climatic conditions need to be based on multi-location studies
only, as the findings will go into policy decisions. In regional yield estimates, the input data on
management practices and cultivars evaluated should represent the average conditions of the
region.
Studies on climatic characterization have to be taken up with a purpose and based on sound
scientific hypothesis and mere statistical analysis of data has no relevance.
Climatic stability analysis needs to be performed on regional basis, with particular emphasis to
climate shifts in the transition zones.
The significance of trend analysis has to be evaluated based on changes in crop productivity.
Statistical significance alone has no relevance.
Emphasis may be given in climate change studies on resource conservation techniques which
have more practical utility.
Climate change impacts on allied sectors like poultry, sheep, goat and dairy may be carried out
in a system mode.
The positive impacts of climate change / variability are not being studied and reported. Attempts
may be made to identify such episodes.
The pest and disease forecasting models may target regional studies using GIS or such
relevant approaches. The emphasis should be on dynamic models but not on empirical / statistical
models alone.
Editorial Board
(Journal of Agrometeorology)
Editor-in-Chief
Managing Editor
Editors
PREFACE
Climates are classified considering aggregate weather conditions that prevail over a given region on
an annual basis with some sub-classifications made from the behavior of seasonal weather conditions.
Scientists all over the world evolved strategies for agricultural planning, management and development
on the assumption that the weather conditions from season to season during different years will vary
within certain limits. However, the times are changing and the human greed to over exploit natural
resources for short term gains have contributed to changes in environment and as a consequence the
changes in climate were observed to the extent which was not realized before. Therefore, the agricultural
production systems have become vulnerable to climate change and the existing available technologies
are not able to address all the problems arising out of climate change and unimagined extremities in the
weather, thereby posing the problem of uncertainty.
Global temperatures are rising continuously and the debate is still on whether this is anthropogenic.
From the records and estimates available with IMD, the mean annual temperature of India increased by
0.5C over a period of last 155 years. Little is known about the reasons for changes in variability of
climate, although extreme temperatures and rainfall significantly influence crop yields. Rainfall intensity
and number of days with precipitation above 2.5 mm day-1 in a year stated to be on increase in many parts
of India. The frequency and duration of droughts or floods have profound influence on crop productivity
and National food security. Thus, it is imperative to make Indian Agriculture prepared to sustain the
projected extreme weather events in the years to come.
To address issues and challenges that may bring resilience in Indian agriculture to climatic variability
/ change, recently formed Association of Agrometeorologists, AP Chapter has organized a National
symposium on Climate Change and Indian Agriculture: Slicing Down the Uncertainties at CRIDA,
Hyderabad during 22-23 January, 2013. In all 376 participants across the country have presented lead
papers / oral and poster presentations focusing themes (a) Climate change - database, trends, projections
and impacts on agriculture and allied sectors; (b) Adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate resilience
in - natural resources; cops, livestock, poultry and fisheries; Insect-pests, diseases and weeds; (c) Value
added agromet advisory services / products and (d) Socio-economic aspects of climate change. Full
length papers were invited from the participants and peer reviewed by a panel of experts. There are 96
papers that were recommended by the panel encompassing new vistas viz., adaptation strategies
(agronomic/edaphic/economic), ICTs and even sectors like livestock and fisheries, that were hitherto
mostly not appeared in the journal. All these papers are brought out as special issue of the Journal in two
volumes. In the first volume 47 papers were accommodated and in the present second volume 49 papers
are being brought out now.
We are deeply indebted to Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi; Ministry of Earth
Sciences, Government of India; Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi; NABARD, Hyderabad;
ICRISAT, Patancheru; NCML, Hyderabad; giz India and State Bank of India, Edi Bazar Branch, Hyderabad
for generously financing this National Symposium and for publication of this special issue.
We sincerely acknowledge the support and assistance extended by Reviewers and AICRPAM Staff
in bringing out the special issue of Journal of Agrometeorology.
CRIDA, Hyderabad
10.12.2013
Editors
Special Issue, JAM
Volume 15
Special Issue - II
December 2013
Journal
of
Agrometeorology
CONTENTS
H. VENKATESH, SAVITA B. NASHI, J. R. HIREMATH, V. B. NARGUND and S. N. KULKARNI. Adoption of
weather forecasts A precursor towards adaptation to climate change
01
K.V. RAO, I. BHASKARA RAO, V. U. M. RAO, B. BAPUJI RAO, J. V. N. S. PRASAD and MALLIKARJUNA
REDDY. Comparison of two weather generators for rainfall simulation: A case study for humid and semi arid
environments
06
JAGDISH SINGH, RABI MOHTAR, ERIK BRAUDEAU, DHANWINDER-SINGH and GARY HEATHMEN.
Evaluation of pedostructure based model Kamel under soils with varying clay content for prediction of soil moisture
14
Y.G. PRASAD, S. SAM KOSHY, P. SOWJANYA, Y. NAGARAJU, P. NAVEEN KUMAR, S. DESAI and M.
PRABHAKAR. Application of wireless sensor network based decision support system for pest management
advisories in groundnut
21
26
A.V.R. KESAVA RAO, SUHAS P. WANI, K. SRINIVAS, PUSHPRAJ SINGH, SNEHAL D. BAIRAGI and O.
RAMADEVI. Assessing impacts of projected climate on pigeonpea crop at Gulbarga
32
R.H. LAXMAN, N.K. SRINIVASA RAO, R.M. BHATT, A.T. SADASHIVA, V.S. JOHN SUNOJ,
GEETA BIRADAR, C.B. PAVITHRA, K.M. MANASA and K.H. DHANYALAKSHMI. Response of tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes to elevated temperature
38
S. MAJI, M. BHOWMICK, R. NATH and P. K. CHAKRABORTY. Effect of sunlit leaf area index (L*) on total dry
matter and crop growth rate of potato planted under different dates and nitrogen levels
45
MOHAMMAD SHAMIM, DEVENDRA SINGH, B. GANGWAR, K.K. SINGH and VIPIN KUMAR.
Agrometeorological indices in relation to phenology, biomass accumulation and yield of rice genotypes under
Western Plain zone of Uttar Pradesh
50
58
SAON BANERJEE, SUDIP CHATTERJEE, ASIS MUKHERJEE, SUMAN SAMANTA and MRIDUL BOSE.
Variation of crop evapotranspiration from the potato field at two selected locations of West Bengal, India
64
P. VIJAYA KUMAR, V.U.M. RAO, O. BHAVANI, A.P. DUBEY, P.K. SIDHU, S.R. PATEL and B.
VENKATESWARLU. Optimizing sowing dates and selection of varieties of wheat through long-term crop and
weather analysis
67
A. V. M. SUBBA RAO, M. JAYPAL, V.U.M. RAO, V. NARSIMHA RAO and N.S. RAJU. Mandal-wise analysis
of dry spell probability during different growth stages of rice in Medak district of Andhra Pradesh
73
SUCHANDAN BEMAL, DIWAN SINGH and SURENDER SINGH. Impact analysis of climate variability on rice
productivity in eastern agroclimatic zone of Haryana by using DSSAT crop model
80
S. RATNAKUMARI, S. BHARATHI and V. CHENGA REDDY. Influence of weather variables on phenology and
productivity of Bt and N Bt cotton in rainfed vertisols
86
94
RAJEEV RANJAN and A. S. NAIN. Discrimination of wheat crop using remote sensing in Tarai region of
Uttarakhand
99
K. SURESH, D. BALAGURAVAIAH and G. JAYASREE. Assessment of nitrogen status of castor using remote
sensing techniques
105
110
116
R. REJANI, T.R. RUPA and M.G. NAYAK. Suitability of cashew growing areas in India an appraisal using GIS
123
129
M. SURESH, P. PADMAVATHI, N. R. G. VARMA and R. JAGADEESHWAR. Effect of weather and growth stage
of crop on Alternaria leaf spot development and progress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
135
140
146
N. RAVI KUMAR, K. SUBAHARAN, T.N. JANAKIRAMAN, HEMALATHA THIAGARAJAN and B.M.K. RAJU.
Detecting motion of insects in varied environments using digital image analysis
153
BARUN BISWAS, L.K. DHALIWAL, S.K. MANN, GURBIR KAUR and P. KASHYAP. A model based approach
for predicting Karnal Bunt disease of wheat under Punjab conditions
158
163
J.V.N.S. PRASAD, CH. NAGA JYOTI, K. RAVICHANDRA, CH. SRINIVASARAO, K. SRINIVAS, M.B. GULED,
I.M. SARAWAD, S.R. MULLA, V.V. ANGADI, G.R. CHARY, P.K. MISHRA and B. VENKATESWARLU. Effect
of long-term tillage and sources of nitrogen on crop yields of sorghum- sunflower rotation and soil carbon sequestration
in rainfed vertisols
170
P. DHANYA, A. RAMACHANDRAN, PRASANTA KUMAR BAL and P. THIRUMURUGAN. Recent and future
weather and climate trends of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu and their possible impacts on agriculture
176
K. V. S. L. RAJ RUSHI, P. PRASUNA RANI, P. R. K. PRASAD and P. ANIL KUMAR. Adaptation to climate
change: Integrated nutrient use in cotton
183
G. S. PRATYUSHA KRANTHI, K. V. RAO, J. V. N. S. PRASAD, RAJBIR SINGH and V. U. M. RAO. Spatial and
temporal assessment of net primary productivity for Andhra Pradesh using MODIS data
188
ATHAI GUPTA and S. A. KHAN. Effect of temperature on grain protein content of wheat
194
199
203
209
GAGANPREET KOUR, V.K. WALI, M.K. KHUSHU, PARSHANT BAKSHI, AKASH SHARMA and CHARU
SHARMA. Studies on the irrigation scheduling in low chilling cultivars of peach under subtropical conditions
212
CH. SRINIVASARAO, B. VENKATESWARLU, Y. SUDHA RANI, A.K. SIKKA, A.K. SINGH, K. D. KOKATE
and S. DIXIT. Impact assessment of climate resilient technology on carbon balance using EX-ACT model: A case
study in three rainfed tribal villages of Andhra Pradesh
217
M.K. KHUSHU, CHARU SHARMA, SANJAY KOUSHAL, RAJEEV SHARMA B. BAPUJI RAO and V.U.M.
RAO. Simulation of phenology, growth and yield of maize in a humid sub-tropical region of India using CERESMaize model
222
Short Communications
NAVNEET KAUR and K. K. GILL. Evaluating canopy temperature based indices for irrigation scheduling and
yield prediction in wheat
227
R. NAGARJUNA KUMAR, K. SRINIVAS REDDY, M.S. NATHAWAT, NILANCHAL PATEL, L.K. SHARMA
V.S. RAHORE, G. RAVINDRA CHARY, G. R. MARUTHI SANKAR, B. SAILAJA and N.S. RAJU. Long-term
rainfall analysis of Ranga Reddy district of Andhra Pradesh using GIS
230
PARVINDER KUMAR, SURENDER SINGH and DIWAN SINGH. Regional climate variability analysis and
impact assessment on wheat productivity : A case study in Haryana
235
S.R. PATEL, S. CHANDRAWANSHI and S. BHELAWE. Heat unit requirement of different rice varieties in
Chhattisgarh plain zone
238
241
SUBHARANJAN DAS, SWARUP BISWAS, SAON BANERJEE and ASIS MUKHERJEE. Projected boro rice
yields for different locations of West Bengal using DSSAT model
244
VANITA K. KHOBARKAR, R.G. DESHMUKH and S.W. JAHAGIRDAR. Effect of rainfall on cotton yield in
Yavatmal District
245
KUSHAL SARMAH, RIJUMANI RAJBONGSHI, PRASANTA NEOG and MARCY MAIBANGSHA. Rainfall
probability analysis of Lakhimpur, Assam
247
D.P. DORKAR, P.S. KAMBALE, V.G. MANIYAR and J.D. JADHAV. Soybean (Glycine max L.) crop coefficients
(Kc) for Marathwada region of Maharashtra
251
ABDUS SATTAR and S.A. KHAN. Rainfall variability and its impact on kharif rice in Nalanda district of Bihar
253
December
analysis
on use :of110-115
ICT tools
for dissemination
of weather based agro advisories
Journal of 2013]
Agrometeorology 15An
(Special
Issue-II)
(December
2013)
110
ABSTRACT
Access to the weather based information service to the farming community and extension functionaries through
timely forecasting of information on occurrence of pests and diseases, crop operations to be carried out
during weather sensitive crop growth stages plays a pivotal role in reducing weather related risks. Though
farmers are availing weather information through various mass and electronic media (Radio, T.V etc.), the
usage of the information for decision making is constrained as the information is deficient of agro-advisories
and lack of location specific content. Hence an attempt was made to deliver timely and need based location
specific weather information through the usage of different communication channels for reaching the unreached.
It is in this context that CRIDAs NAIP project on Sustainable rural livelihoods through enhanced farming
systems productivity and efficient support systems in rainfed areas which is an action research pilot project in
selected village clusters of the 8 backward districts of Andhra Pradesh involving a consortium of institutions
from public, private and NGO sectors attempted to disseminate weather based information services and
advisories through integration of ICT tools like Touch screen information kiosk, Display announcement package,
Interactive voice response system (IVRS), Sasyavani mobile based agro advisories. The present paper analyses
the utility of ICT tools in the diffusion of weather based knowledge services in terms of relevance, accessibility,
timeliness, and location specificity.
111
NAGASREE et al.
Sasyavani
Weather based information was made available to
farmers through text based SMS messages and voice alerts
using the mobile phones considering its vast net work and
enhanced penetration among the rural communities. (Fig. 3)
December 2013]
112
An analysis on use of ICT tools for dissemination of weather based agro advisories
Internet
Another important ICT tool internet was introduced to
explore an opportunity to wide spread technology outreach
and access to information.
The project created the extension platform with the
innovative and available tools among the latest information
and communication technologies that would bridge the
weather based information gap between researchers, farmers
and extension functionaries.
Four hundred respondents from the NAIP cluster
villages of 8 districts of Andhra Pradesh ie. Anantapur,
Mahabubnagar, Adilabad, Nalgonda, Warangal, Khammam,
Table 1 : Distribution of respondents towards the Frequency of usage of the services from ICT tools
ICT tool
Touch screen kiosk
DAP
Internet
IVRS
Sasyavani
Daily
Weekly
0(0)
1(0.25) *
0(0)
128(32)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
65(16.25)
321(80.25) 56(14)
Fortnightly
Monthly
Rarely
Never
Score
Rank
1(0.25)
93(23.25)
0(0)
71(17.75)
11(2.75)
284(71)
34(8.5)
4(1)
0(0)
9(2.25)
92(23)
144(36)
372(93)
264(66)
3(0.75)
22(5.5)
1(0.25)
24(6)
(0)
(0)
2.66
3.5075
1.89
2.5025
5.7075
III
II
V
IV
I
(Daily=6 Weekly=5 Fortnightly=4 Monthly=3 Rarely=2 Never=1; *Values in ( ) indicates the percentage of responses)
113
NAGASREE et al.
Timeliness
Timely availability of the weather based information
is crucial to farmers as most of the crop operations are weather
sensitive. The timely availability of reliable information on
agriculture output is of great significant information for
planning and policy making especially for weather based crop
forecasts. Efforts were made in the project for timely
provision of weather information. The perception of the
farmers on the effectiveness of timeliness of ICT tools is
given in Table 2.
Advance
In time
Late information
Score
Rank
40(10)
2(0.5)
125(31.25)
3(0.75)
352(88)
220(55)
65(16.25)
177(44.25)
231(57.75)
46(11.5)
180(45)
335(83.75)
98(24.5)
166(41.5)
2(0.5)
1.85
1.1775
2.0675
1.585
2.875
IV
V
II
III
I
Table 3 : Opinion of the respondents towards ease in accessing information from various ICT tools
ICT tool
Easy to access
Moderately
Difficult to access
Score
Rank
2(0.5)
132(33)
7(1.75)
59(14.75)
312(78)
265(66.25)
256(64)
321(80.25)
185(46.25)
49(12.25)
133(33.25)
12(3)
72(18)
156(39)
39(9.75)
1.6725
2.3
1.8375
1.7575
2.6825
V
II
III
IV
I
(Easy to access=3, moderately=2, Difficult to access=1 ; *Values in ( ) indicates the percentage of the responses)
December 2013]
114
An analysis on use of ICT tools for dissemination of weather based agro advisories
Table 4 : Response of the farmers towards the overall usefulness of ICT tools
ICT tool
Valuable
Useful
Normal use
Not useful
Useless
Score
Rank
5(1.25)
24(6)
22(5.5)
76(19)
254(63.5)
259(64.75)
48(12)
110(27.5)
139(34.75)
128(32)
133(33.25)
318(79.5)
258(64.5)
172(43)
3(0.75)
1(0.25)
9(2.25)
2(0.5)
2(0.5)
2(0.5)
2(0.5)
1(0.25)
8(2)
11(2.75)
22(5.5)
3.66
3.2125
3.34
3.6675
4.5425
III
V
IV
II
I
Correlation
coefficient
-0.18
0.18
0.02
0.15
0.21
0.42**
0.22
0.56**
0.60**
0.21
0.14
0.32*
0.18
115
NAGASREE et al.
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