TOPIC : MATHEMATICAL REASONING

FORM : 4
1. a) State whether each of the following statement
is true or false.
i) 8 + 2 = 4 and 82 = 16

ii) The element of set A = { 12, 15, 18 } are

divisible by 3 or the elements of
set B = { 4, 6, 8 } are multiple of 4
2. a) State whether the following statements is
true or false.
8 > 7 or 32 = 6

..

b) Write down two implications based on the

following sentence:
m2 = 1000 if and only if m = 10
Implication 1 : ...
Implication 2 :
c) Complete the premise in the following argument:
Premise 1 : All the hexagon have six sides
Premise 2 :.
Conclusion : PQRSTU has six sides.

4. a) Is the sentence below a statement or a

non- statement?
4 is a prime number.

b) Write down two implications based on the

following sentence :
P R if and only if R P
Implication 1 : .
Implication 2 : ..
The number of subsets in a set with 2 elements is 22
The number of subsets in a set with 3 elements is 23
The number of subsets in a set with 4 elements is 24
c) Based on the information above, make a general
conclusion by induction regarding the number of
subsets in a set with k elements.
....
5. a) Determine whether the following is a sentence is
a statement or a non-statement.
2m2 + 5m -3 = 0
.
b) Write down the converse of the following
implication, hence state whether the converse is
true or false.
If x is an odd number then 2x is an even number
..

3. a) State whether the following sentence is a

statement or a non-statement.
All multiples of 2 are divisible by 4
.
b) Write down a true statement using both of the
following statements:
Statement 1 : 52 = 10
Statement 2 : 10 x 10 = 100

c) Write down two implications based on the

following sentence:
y < x if and only if y > -x
Implication 1: ..
Implication 2 : .

c) Make a general conclusion by induction for a list

of numbers 3, 17, 55, 129, which follows
the following pattern
3 = 2(1)3 + 1
17 = 2(2)3 + 1
55 = 2(3)3 + 1
129 = 2(4)3 + 1
..
d) Complete the premise in the following argument:
Premise 1 : If set K is a subset of set L, then K L = L
Premise 2 : .
Conclusion : Set K is not a subset of set L.

6 a) Complete the statement below using the quantifier

All or Some to form a false statement.
triangles have two sides of
equal length.

b) Write a conclusion based on the following

argument:
Premise 1 : All rectangles have two vertex.
Premise II : Rhombus is a rectangle
Conclusion : ..

b) Write a conclusion based on the following

argument:
Premise I : If k > 0 then 3k > 2k
Premise 2 : 3k < 2k
Conclusion : ...
7 a) Determine whether each of the following
statement is true or false.

c) Make a conclusion by induction for a list of

numbers 5, 19, 57, 131, ... which follows the
following pattern:
5 = 2 (1)3 + 3
19 = 2 (2)3 + 3
57 = 2 (3)3 + 3
131 = 2 (4)3 + 3
Conclusion :

i) 10 > 3 and 10 > -3

ii) The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is

180 or the sum of the interior angles of a
rectangle is 540
.
b)

Arrangement Number of Number of

of matches
hexagon match sticks
1

6+5x1

6+5x2

4
.
n

6+5x3

The diagram above shows information about

hexagon arrangements. 6 match sticks are
needed to arrange the first hexagon. Another 5
match sticks are needed to arrange 2 hexagons.
Make a general conclusion by induction for the
number of match sticks needed to arrange n
hexagon.
..
8. a) Combine the following two statements below to
form a true statement.
Statement 1 : 9 is a prime number
Statement 2 : 92 = 81
.

9. a) Given are three statements :

i) 23 = 6
ii) = 0.25
iii) 3 < 4
Combine any of the two statements to form a
true statement.
.
b) Complete the conclusion for the following
argument :
Premise I : If m = 5, then 2 x m = 10
Premise 2 : 2 x m 10
Conclusion :
c) Write two implications from the following
statement :
Two straight lines are parallel if and only if
their gradients are equal.
Implication 1 :
...
Implication 2 :
....
10 a) Write two implications from the following
statement:
m > n if and only if m - e > n - e
Implication 1:
Implication 2 :
b) Complete the conclusion for the following :
Premise I : All regular pentagons have five
equal sides.
Premise 2 : PQRST is a regular pentagon
Conclusion : ..

11.a) Complete the premise for the following

argument :
Premise 1 : If a number is a factor of 6 then
the number is a factor of 18
Premise 2 : ...
Conclusion : 3 is a factor of 18
b) Make a conclusion by induction for a list of
numbers 8, 23, 44, 71, ... which follows the
following pattern:
8 = 3(2)2 - 4
23 = 3(3)2 - 4
44 = 3(4)2 - 4
71 = 3(5)2 - 4
Conclusion :
12 a) Determine whether the following sentence is a
statement or a non-statement and give your
reasons:
i) x + 4 = 10

ii) 7 + (-5) = 12 ..
.....
b) Complete the following statement using the word
and or or to make a false statement.
45 is a multiple of 5 .. 5 x (-2) = 10
c) The numbers 3, 9, 19, 33 .. are a list of numbers
in a pattern and can be written as
3=2x 1 +1
9=2x 4 +1
19 = 2 x 9 + 1
33 = 2 x 16 + 1
Write a general conclusion by induction for the
numbers in the pattern above.
Conclusion :

13a) Based on the Venn diagram below, complete the

P
following statement
Q
with a quantifier All
or Some to form a
true statement.
elements of set Q are elements of set P

b) Write a specific conclusion by deduction for the

following statements:
All rhombus have four equal sides in length
JKLM is a rhombus
Conclusion :..
c) Complete the conclusion for the following
argument :
i) Premise I : If a number is a factor of 9 then
the number is a factor of 36
Premise 2 : 5 is not a factor of 36
Conclusion :
d) Complete the premise for the following
argument :
Premise I : If a set has n elements then the set
has 2n subset
Premise 2 :.
Conclusion : Set P has 23 subset
14 The table below shows mathematical sentences
P, Q and R. Mark in the boxes of the table
given for each of the mathematical sentences.
Mathematical sentence
P
30 4 = 34
Q
3 x 4 = 12
R
32 + 42
Mathematical
Nonsentence
statement
P
Q
R

Statement
True False

15 a) State whether each of the following statement is

true or false.
i) 3 64 4
.

ii) -5 > -8 and 0.03 = 3 x 10-1

.
b) Write down two implications based on the
following sentence.
ABC is an equilateral triangle if and only if each
of the interior angle of ABC is 60o
Implication 1 :
....
Implication 2 : .
.
.

c) Complete the premise in the following argument:

Premise 1 :
Premise 2 : 90 x 180
Conclusion : sin x is positive.
16 a) Complete each of the following statements with
the quantifier all or some so that it will
become a true statement.
i) of the prime numbers are odd numbers.
ii) pentagons have five sides.
b) State the converse of the following statement and
hence determine whether its converse is true or
false.
If x > 9, then x > 5

...