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IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 10 | April 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Design and Fabrication of Soyabean Screening


Machine
Ashik S.Dandare
UG Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering

Mohit V. Ghatole
UG Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering

Ankush P. Ramteke
UG Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering

Hindraj R. Karhewar
UG Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering

Suhas V. Kale
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Priyadarshini Bhagwati College Of Engineering

Abstract
This Paper deals with development of Grain cleaning machine and presents a review of approaches and needs of farmers.
Available evidences in rural India indicate the use of handmade mechanism for the separation purpose. This method is time
consuming and also grains are broken. With increasing of high-quality grains requirement on the market and spreading of grain
growths area, its imperative to develop high-efficient post harvesting machinery which is suitable for grain reaping, threshing
separating and cleaning. And, the grain cleaning mechanism, which is a very important part of the combine post harvesting
phenomenon The Developed grain separation machine has ability to remove the contaminants such as stones, sticks, chaffs, and
dust in grains. It is also capable of reducing time wastage, reduction in breakage of the grains and separation of the stalk from the
grains, the research and development situation of cleaning mechanism is mainly introduced in this paper.
Keywords: cleaning efficiency, cleaning loss, grain separation and sieving
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

Harvesting and post-harvest handling methods introduce contaminants such as stones, sticks, chaff and dust into grains, which
needs to be cleaned. Materials from the threshing unit are mixtures of long stalks, chaff, small fragments of spikes, stalks, leaves
and grains. Materials separated through the concave and sieves are composed of grains, chaff and other small components of
material other than grain (MOG). Hopfen (1969) pointed out that threshed grain require considerable additional cleaning before
it can be used as food, whole or ground and even as seed. The cleaning process, he postulated, presents more difficulties than the
actual threshing process. Pneumatic cleaning is the process of using air to lift light, chaffy and dusty materials out of the grain
while heavier materials move downward. Air is generated by natural or mechanical fan. However, the limitation of natural wind
method for cleaning is its unpredictable direction, speed and continuity, high labour requirement and rather imprecise degree of
separation Aerodynamic characteristic of particle mixtures are important for cleaning. The analysis of the research results and
models leads to the following remarks:
1) Most of the research has had as initial aim the knowledge and understanding of the threshing and separation processes.
2) All presented function represents valuable approaches for modelling of threshing
3) The most previous work has been done on conventional combines having rasp-bar cylinders for threshing.
4) Many studies and researches have reported on variables that affect separation only.
5) The influences of crop properties, functional and design parameters have been reflected in graphs but only a few related
mathematical relationships have been published.
6) The models are partial, i.e., they describe only particular aspects of the threshing/separation process. Most models are
composed of a single equation and usually describe grain separation or the to-be-separated remaining grain.
7) The models have been developed using different assumptions for certain types of threshing units and for particular test run
conditions so none of the models are universal Using whole,
clean and separated seeds increases yield in harvest operation and marketing while reducing equipped space for storing.
Separating grains using air flow is called pneumatic separation. Harvesting is the process of collecting the mature rice crop from
the field.
- Cutting: cutting the panicles and straw.
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521

Design and Fabrication of Soyabean Screening Machine


(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 094)

Hauling: moving the cut crop to the threshing location.


Threshing: separating the paddy grain from the rest of the cut crop.
II. MATERIAL AND METHOD

In the following is presented the installation and the experimental determination research methodology used to determine the
qualitative indices of the separation process of impurities from grain seeds in the case of combined separation systems (relative
to the specific mass and the aerodynamic properties of seeds The factors that determined the selected materials for this work
were involved in the mechanical properties such as toughness, strength and hardness. Surface finish, density, interaction with
environment, fabrication cost, maintenance cost and availability of materials; ease of fabrication and safety of materials were
also considered. Mild steel with carbon content 0.15% to 0.3% and of various thicknesses were used. However, galvanized steel
was used for the blades of the blower and
for the hopper.
Primary Analysis:
The physical properties such as density, specific gravity, weight, size of the impurities and grains were considered. These
properties form the basic information for the design of the machine. Parameters such as capacity (quantity of feed), axial
dimension of grain, coefficient of friction and size of the grain were determined in other to have a comprehensive and effective
design of the machine. For the sample of soybean grain considered the dynamic coefficient of friction and angle of inclination
of the sieve bed were determined experimentally to be 0.414 and 23o respectively. The moisture content for effective milling
was 11.3% wet basis while the density of the soybean was 1226 kg/m3.
Design and Fabrication Requirements:
In the design of the machine, several factors were considered to make the design workable. These include: The Separation of the
Soybean from chaffs and pebbles, leaves and contaminants based on the size and shape of soybean (4 mm to 9 mm), the use of
blower to remove all light impurities and dirt in the soybean, the development of centrifugal force as a result of the sieve motion
which rolls down the soybean grain on the sieve bed and passes it through the oblong shaped holes of the sieve, the sieve which
was made of light material to facilitate easy separation. Using the above factors and some relevant equations, the authors were
able to estimate the design of following components .
III. COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTIONS
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Frame - Length ( 1850 x 1300 ) mm


Fan With inverter Control - 1.3 Kw
Sieve (3no.)
Hopper Conical with capacity 10 kg
Weight 150kg
The average rotational speed of the detachable sieve (159 rpm),
Pulley weight (20N), Relative centrifugal force (2.42 ), Torque transmitted from electric motor Pulley to machine pulley (100
NM), speed of the belt (2.83 m/sec), length of the belt (380 mm), the power transmitted by the belt(0.410KW ), diameter of the
loading shaft (20 mm), volume of hopper (12.27 x 106 mm3) and total power required to operate the plant (0.5 HP) For the slider
crank mechanism: length of connecting rod (150 mm), the total reciprocating mass (8 kg), For the sieve: the sieve box
(950x650x50 mm), diameter of small pulley (127 mm), diameter of large pulley (203 mm), belt length (6000 mm). The
fabrication was carried out in stages for convenience and ease of execution. This includes fabrication of the hopper, machining of
the shaft and blade, work on the vibrating sieve box, Exposit diagram showing all the details of the component parts of the
machine.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The tests were conducted using locally produced soybean where 1000- 5000 grains weighed 2- 5 Kg.
Performance Test on the Grain Sieve Shaker:
1000- 5000 grains were mixed with 100 small stones of various sizes and the mixture fed into the sieving machine and
measurements were taken for various numbers of strokes (a stroke is to and fro movement of the sieving bed by the crank
mechanism). The results are presented in Fig. 1 for machine for separation. The results are shown in Fig.1 for different number
of strokes

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522

Design and Fabrication of Soyabean Screening Machine


(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 094)

Table 1
Tests were conducted on the following Grains
S.N

Trials on No. Of Grains

Fan Speed RPM

Clean Grains

Cleaning Percentage

Cleaning Loss

1
2
3
4
5

1000
2000
3000
4000
5000

1500
2000
2200
2500
2900

982
1962
2945
3940
4963

98.2
98.1
97.62
96.6
96

2%
2.2%
1.9 %
1.8 %
1.78 %

Fig. 1: Fan Speed RPM vs. Cleaning Loss

Fig. 2: Trial on number of Grains vs. Clean Grains

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523

Design and Fabrication of Soyabean Screening Machine


(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 10 / 094)
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