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11.4
1. z x 4y ,
2, 1, 8
2. z x 2 y 2 ,
3, 2, 5
3. z 5 x 1 2 y 2 2 ,
4. z xy ,
5, 1, 2
6. z y x ,
4, 5, 9
17. z x 4 5x 2 y 6xy 3 10
22. w
8. z ln2x y,
1, 3, 0
2326
3, 1, 0
10. z xy,
1, 2, 2
11. z sx y,
xy
yz
6.9, 2.06
1.05, 0.9, 3.01
1.95, 1.08
0, 2
21. w x 2 y y 2z
2, 1
13. f x, y s1 x 2 y 2,
2730
1213
12. f x, y y ln x,
19. z ye xy
5, 1, 2
1
x2 y2
16. w x sin yz
; 10 11
1, 1, 0
14. z x 2 y 3
7. z sinx y,
9. z e x ln y,
20. u e x cos xy
5. z sx y,
2
14 22
18. z
2, 0, 10
1, 2, 2
19
SECTION 11.4
11.4
ANSWERS
1. 4x + 8y z = 8
12. 12 x + (ln 2) y 1
2. 6x + 4y z = 5
13. 1
3. 2x + 4y z = 6
14. 2xy dx + 3x y dy
4. 2x y z = 2
15.
5. x y 4z = 4
6. z = 8x + 10y 9
8. z = 2x + y 1
10.
1
(2 dx 3 dy)
2x 3y
4x3 10xy + 6y 3 dx + 5x2 + 18xy 2 dy
18.
9. z = e y e
2 2
7. z = x + y
2
(x dx + y dy)
(x2 + y 2 )2
2 xy
19. y e
dx + exy (1 + xy) dy
11.
(y + z) dx + (z x) dy (x + y) dz
(y + z)2
23. 2.846
24. 0.28
25. 65.88
26. 3
27. 26.76
28. 49,770
29. 1.015
30. 6.9914
SECTION 11.4
11.4
SOLUTIONS
1. z = f (x, y) = x + 4y
fx (x, y) = 2x,
fy (x, y) = 8y, fx (2, 1) = 4, fy (2, 1) = 8. Thus
the equation of the tangent plane is
z 8 = 4 (x 2) + 8 (y 1) or 4x + 8y z = 8.
2
2. z = f (x, y) = x y
fx (x, y) = 2x,
fy (x, y) = 2y, fx (3, 2) = 6, fy (3, 2) = 4. Thus the
equation is z 5 = 6 (x 3) + 4 (y + 2) or
6x + 4y z = 5.
2
3. z = f (x, y) = 5 + (x 1) + (y + 2)
5. fx (x, y) = 12 (x y)
, fx (5, 1) = 14 ,
11. z = f (x, y) =
x y, so fx (x, y) =
1
(x
2
1/2
fx (5, 1) = 14 , fy (x, y) = 12 (x y)
y)1/2 ,
z 2 = 14 (x 5) 14 (y 1) or z = 14 x 14 y + 1. After
zooming in, the surface and the tangent plane become almost
indistinguishable. (Here, the tangent plane is above the
surface.) If we zoom in farther, the surface and the tangent
plane appear to coincide.
6. z = f (x, y) = y x
fx (x, y) = 2x,
fy (x, y) = 2y, so fx (4, 5) = 8, fy (4, 5) = 10. By
Equation 2, an equation of the tangent plane is
z 9 = fx (4, 5) [x (4)] + fy (4, 5) (y 5)
z 9 = 8 (x + 4) + 10 (y 5) or z = 8x + 10y 9.
7. z = f (x, y) = sin (x + y)
8. z = f (x, y) = ln (2x + y)
fx (x, y) =
2
,
2x + y
1
fy (x, y) =
, fx (1, 3) = 2, fy (1, 3) = 1. Thus
2x + y
an equation of the tangent plane is z = 2 (x + 1) + (y 3)
or z = 2x + y 1.
x
9. z = f (x, y) = e ln y
fx (x, y) = ex ln y,
fx (1, 2) = 2,
fy (x, y) = x fy (1, 2) = 1 and an equation of the
tangent plane is z + 2 = 2 (x + 1) + (1) (y 2) or
z = 2x y + 2. After zooming in, the surface and the
tangent plane become almost indistinguishable. (Here, the
tangent plane is shown with fewer traces than the surface.)
1
x
2
1
2
(x 2) + ln 2 (y 1)
+ (ln 2) y 1
14. z = x y
z
z
dx +
dy = 2xy 3 dx + 3x2 y 2 dy
dz =
x
y
SECTION 11.4
3
2
dx +
2x 3y
2x 3y
1
=
(2 dx 3 dy)
2x 3y
dv =
2 3 4
25. f (x, y, z) = x y z
dy
16. w = x sin yz
w
w
w
dx +
dy +
dz
dw =
x
y
z
= 65.88
2
17. dz =
z
z
dx +
dy
x
y
2
(x dx + y dy)
=
2
(x + y 2 )2
xy
z
z
dz =
dx +
dy = y 2 exy dx + exy (1 + xy) dy
x
y
x
20. u = e cos xy
w
w
w
dw =
dx +
dy +
dz
x
y
z
2
= 2xy dx + x + 2yz dy + y 2 dz
x+y
y+z
(x + y) dz
[(y + z) (x + y)] dy
dx
+
dw =
y+z
(y + z)2
(y + z)2
22. w =
(y + z) dx + (z x) dy (x + y) dz
(y + z)2
20 x2 7y 2
x
7y
fx =
and fy =
.
2
2
20 x 7y
20 x2 7y 2
fx =
fx =
y z3,
x
3xz
, and fz =
. Then
fy =
3
2 yz
2 y z3
f (9, 10, 1) = 27, so we set (a, b, c) = (9, 10, 1). Then
x = 0.06, y = 0.01, and z = 0.01. Thus
8.94 9.99 (1.01)3
27 + (3) (0.06) + 96 (0.01) + 27
(0.01)
6
= 26.76
21. w = x y + y z
23. f (x, y) =
fx = y 2 sin z,
19. z = ye
= 3 9.4248
27. Let w = f (x, y, z) = x y z 3
18. dz =
fx = 2xy 3 z 4 , fy = 3x2 y 2 z 4
2 3 3
1
and
x 3y
3
. Since f (7, 2) = ln (7 6) = 0, we set
x 3y
(a, b) = (7, 2). Then x = 0.1 and y = 0.06, so
fy =
fy = 4
3
x+ 3 y)
3y 2/3
4
x+ 3y
fx = 2
3
x+ 3 y)
,
x
4
99 + 3 124
2 3375
4 3375
50,625 +
(1) +
(1) = 49,770
10
75
y
ey
29. Let z = f (x, y) = xe
fx = ,
2 x
z
. Now f (3, 2, 6) = 49 = 7, so we
fz =
x2 + y 2 + z 2
set (a, b, c) = (3, 2, 6), x = 0.02, y = 0.03, and
z = 0.01. Thus
(3.02)2 + (1.97)2 + (5.99)2 f (3, 2, 6) + dw
=7+
3
7
(0.02) +
2
7
(0.03) +
6
7
(0.01) 6.9914