TEACHING PROFESSION

LESSON 2
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
1. The Teacher and The Teaching Process
2. The Nature of Teaching
3. Aspects of the Teaching Career
4. Responsibilities of a Teacher

TEACHING
Teaching is an activity that is not really new to
the education student as he has years exposed to
it for a dozen years of his life.
The student will discover eventually that
teaching is an exciting and rewarding activity
but just like all other occupations, it is
demanding.
It requires the student to know and understand
clearly what he should do to bring about the
most desirable learning in his students.

TEACHING
Teaching and Learning are two aspects of the
process called EDUCATION.
Learning is the expected end of teaching in a
school setting. Hence, teaching has always been
directed at learning.
However, it has been observed that not all
teaching results in learning, although learning
can take place even without direct teaching.

TEACHING- DEFINED
Certain authorities believe that teaching
connotes the act of communicating. It connotes
the achievement of meaning and understanding
between the teacher and the learner through
verbal and non-verbal means in order to affect
behaviour and achieve end results.
Teaching does not simply imply getting a
message across. It is aimed at effecting desirable
changes in the behaviour of the learner.

TEACHING- DEFINED
In its narrow sense, is defined by Carter Good
(Good:1973) as the act of instructing in an educational
institution.
Broadly he defines it as management by an instructor of
the teaching-learning situations including:
a. direct interaction between the teacher and
the learner.
b. the preactive decision-making process of
planning, designing and preparing the
materials for the teaching-learning conditions
and

TEACHING- DEFINED
c. postactive redirection (evaluation,
redesign and dissemination) ( Good
1973:588).
The definition included the responsibilities that
any one who goes into teaching should
undertake if he is to be true to his calling.

TEACHING- DEFINED
Most recently, teaching has been viewed as the
process of stimulating, organizing, directing,
guiding, and managing learning activities
towards effecting desirable changes in the
learners behaviour in a school setting.

TEACHING- DEFINED
It implies facilitating learning such that the
learner takes an active role and feels responsible
for his own learning. He realizes that he needs to
learn if he is to adjust effectively and efficiently
to his environment.

THE NATURE of TEACHING

TEACHING: An ART or a SCIENCE?
As an Art, teaching calls for intuition, inspiration,
talent, and creativity- very little of which can be
learned.
Teachers who adhere to this view look at students as
individuals with different abilities and backgrounds.
Their artistry comes in when they consider the
varying mixture of these young people and through
processes that are basically intuitive builds up
meaningful programs of study for them.

THE NATURE of TEACHING

TEACHING: An ART or a SCIENCE?

These teachers believe that

teaching requires an ability to
see through and respond to
individual differences among
learners.

THE NATURE of TEACHING

TEACHING: An ART , or a SCIENCE ?
As a SCIENCE, teaching requires knowledge of
scientific discoveries regarding the teachinglearning process, the objectives of education,
subject matter and the nature of learners.
Teachers who believe in this point of view
consider knowledge and application of
techniques already tested to bring about
learning as vital in their success as teachers.

THE NATURE of TEACHING

TEACHING: An ART , or a SCIENCE ?
Experienced teachers do not believe it necessary
to opt for either of the two positions. On the
basis of their experiences they have come to
realize that their instructional practices are
characterized by both art and science.
What is important is that each individual teacher
is able to achieve a proper blending of the two
perspectives.

THE NATURE of TEACHING

TEACHING: An ART , or a SCIENCE ?
No particular blend is better than another
for much depends upon conditions
obtaining in the teaching-learning
situation.
Besides, a teachers excellence may have
little to do with the extent to which his
instructional practices derive from art or
science.

TEACHING AS A SYSTEM
Teaching as a system requires an understanding
of the role of the more mature, experienced
members of society in stimulating, directing,
managing and guiding the immature and
inexperienced members in their adjustments to
life.

TEACHING AS A SYSTEM
With the young and immature
students as inputs into the system
the processing takes place in the
school setting with the teacher in
instructing the unexperienced so that
they can develop into upright and useful
members of society and well-adjusted
citizens with wholesome personalities

imbued with:
love of country
the duties of citizenship
Moral character
Personal discipline and
Scientific, technological and vocational efficiency

TEACHING AS A SYSTEM: A Paradigm

The
Young
Immature
Learning
activities

through the
process of

Teaching
Stimulating
Directing
Managing
Evaluating
Facilitating
Counselling

Develop
into

Well-adjusted citizens
with wholesome
personalities imbued
with:
Love of country
The duties of citizenship
Moral character
Personal discipline and
scientific, technological
and vocational efficiency

TEACHING AS A SYSTEM
As citizens functioning effectively in the
community, the graduates are expected to show
love of country and pride in being Filipinos
performing their duties as citizens without
reservations. Furthermore, they are expected to
exhibit moral character, personal discipline,
technological, scientific, and vocational
efficiency in all their undertakings in life.

TEACHING AS A PROFESSION

Characteristics of a
profession :
( The National Education Association of the
United States- Gugget and Stinnet 1960:9):
1. A profession invloves activities essentially
intellectual
2. A profession commands a body of specialized
knowledge

TEACHING AS A PROFESSION
1. A profession requires extended professional ( as
contrasted with solely general) preparation.
2. A profession demands continuous in-service
growth.
3. A profession affords a life career and
permanent membership.
4. A profession sets up its own standards.
5. A profession exalts service above personal gain.
6. A profession has a strong, closely knit,
professional organization.

TEACHING AS A PROFESSION
Though teaching may not show or meet all the
aforementioned characteristics of a profession.
However, teaching has been considered a
profession legally and formally in the
Philippines only with the promulgation of
Presidential Decree 1006 effective January 16,
1977, although its practitioners have always
considered themselves as professionals.

Decree Professionalizing Teaching

According to this decree, no person can be
extended a teaching appointment nor act as a
teacher at the elementary and secondary levels,
whether on full-time or part-time basis, in the
public or private schools unless he meets the
following conditions:
1. He must be a Filipino citizen
2. That he possesses the following minimum
educational qualifications:

Decree Professionalizing Teaching

a.

For teachers in kindergarten

and elementary grades,
Bachelors degree in Elementary
Education
(BSEEd) or its
equivalent;

Decree Professionalizing Teaching

b. For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelors
degree in Education ( BSE) or its equivalent with a
major and a minor, or a Bachelors degree in Arts
and Sciences ( A.B.) with at least eighteen units in
professional educational; and
c. For teachers of secondary vocational and twoyear technical courses, Bachelors degree in the
field of specialization ( B.S.E.E) or its equivalent
with at least 18 units in professional education.

Decree Professionalizing Teaching

3. That he passes the Professional Board
Examination for Teachers;
4. That he is of good moral characters;
5. That he is free from physical and / or mental
defect which will incapacitate him to render
efficient service, and
6. That he must have reached his 18th birthday on
the day he takes the Board Examination unless
he is already employed in a public or private
school.

EXEMPTION FROM BOARD EXAMINATION

1. Those who have passed the examination given by
the Civil Service Commission or the examination
given jointly by the Civil Service Commission and
the Department of Education.
2. Teachers who have permanent appointments under
the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers.
3. Honor graduates of collegiate courses requiring at
least 4 years, who have been granted civil service
eligibility under P.D. 907 as amended by P.D. 993.

ASPECTS OF THE TEACHING CAREER

-NEGATIVE ASPECTS1. Need to perform routine and clerical workresponsibilities beyond classroom.
2. Lack of concrete and tangible results- often
difficult to see the results of his work in the
concrete.
3. Low salaries-very modest salary in comparison
with the other professionals in the community.
4. Comparatively low status among the
professional groups.

ASPECTS OF THE TEACHING CAREER

-POSITIVE ASPECTS1. Freedom in the performance of the job
2. Recognition from peers, parents, and the
community
3. Establishment of warm, happy relationships
with students
4. Increasing concern by the government

ASPECTS OF THE TEACHING CAREER

-POSITIVE ASPECTS5. An opportunity for social service
6. An opportunity for self-actualizationsometimes called self-fulfillment, the desire to
make the best of oneself not in respect to what
others are but in respect for what he himself
wants to be.
7. An opportunity to bridge the gaps, the present
and the future.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A TEACHER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

As Manager
As Counsellor
As Motivator
As Leader
As a Model
As a Public Relations Specialist
As Parent Surrogate
As Instructor