LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT, CERAMIC

MATERIALS AND WASTE FROM OLIVE OIL

INDUSTRY
Carmen Martnez Garcaa, Teresa Cotes Palominob Romina D. Fariasc
a,b,c

Department of Chemical , Environmental and Material Engineering, High

Polytecnich School of Linares, University of Jaen, Campus Cientfico
Tecnolgico de Linares, 23700 Linares (Jan), Spain
KEYWORDS: Life-cycle assessment, waste olive oil industry, ceramic
materials
In the present study it has been conducted and evaluated the environmental impact caused by
gaseous emissions and energy consumption in the production of structural ceramics for
construction. For this research have been used for their production, organic waste from the
industry of olive oil, as technological nutrients.
To this end, it has made a life-cycle assessment (LCA) following the ISO standards (ISO
14040: 2006, ISO 14044: 2003 and ISO 14064-1,2,3 2012). This analysis is an environmental
management tool to achieve the eco-efficiency of a production process, among other
applications. For modeling of the production process, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), Impact
Assessment Lifecycle (LCIA), it was used Simapro 8 software.
Different studies have analyzed the impact of the addition of waste in the ceramic matrix
[Velasco et al, 2015; Cusid et al, 2015. Muoz et al, 2014.; Mucahit et al., 2014]. The study
used ceramic bricks made with different concentrations of organic waste. The aim of this study
is to compare and analyze the ACV between traditionally produced bricks and bricks made
with the addition of certain percentages of pomace oil (0%, 3%, 7% and 10%).
The production process has been analyzed in this work has been the sintering or firing of
ceramic bricks, being the greatest environmental externalities generated due to high energy
consumption. We used data from databases of Simapro 8, laboratory and field data obtained
by the research team, as well as different literature sources [Kua Wei et al, 2014.; Kumbhar et
al, 2014.; Zabalza et al., 2011; Aranda et al., 2010]. The functional unit has been stipulated in
1000 kg (1 Tn) ceramic bricks.
Once defined and characterized the process in the Software, the LCI, we proceeded to
calculate the LCIA. The methodology used in this study was the ReCiPeE EndPoint Method,
which considers the following impact categories: climate change and human health,

destruction of the ozone layer, human toxicity, photochemical smog formation of particulate
matter, radiation, climate change and ecosystems, soil acidification, eutrophication of
freshwater ecotoxicity ground, marine ecotoxicity, occupation rural land, urban land occupation,
transformation of natural soil, use of natural resources, use of fossil fuels.
The figure shows the LCA using the EndPoint RECIPE method, where its compare the
environmental performance of the bricks with made with different percentages of waste and its
contribution to the different impact categories.
100
90
80
70

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Climat Ozone Huma Photo

e chan deplet n toxic chemi

Partic Ionisin Climat Terres Fresh Terres Fresh Marin Agricul Urban Natura Metal
ulate g radia e chan trial ac water trial ec water e ecot tural la land o l land deplet
PC0% PC 3% PC 7% PC10%

Fossil
deplet

Comparando 1 ton 'PC 0%', 1 ton 'PC3%', 1 ton 'PC7%' y 1 ton 'PC 10%'; Mtodo: ReCiPe Endpoint (E) V1.11 / Europe ReCiPe E/A / Caracterizacin

Figure. LCA of a ton of ceramic bricks PC0%, PC3%, 7% PC, PC10%, according to the method
ReCiPeE Endpoint Europe.

The results presented in this study show that the incorporation of organic waste within the
matrix of ceramic bricks, contributes to saving energy, resulting in an environmental
improvement to emit less pollutants into the atmosphere gases. Also, saving of raw materials,
materials with better performance and lighter. Thus resulting in cost savings and a response to
a very important issue on the disposal of these wastes.
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