Math 222-004 Spring 2014

Practice Midterm 1
1. Circle TRUE if the statement is always true and circle FALSE otherwise. If the statement is false,
explain why or give an example.
Rx
(a) If F 0 (x) = f (x) for a continuous function f (x), then F (x) = C + 0 f (t)dt

(b) The integral

Since

sin(x)
x

R1
0

sin x
x dx

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

is improper and diverges.

is finite at 0, this intergral is not improper.

(c) If g(x)

1
x

for all x 2, then

R
1

(d) The partial fraction expansion for

g(x)dx diverges.

x2

x
x3 + 4
is x
+ 2x + 1
(x + 1)2

x
x3 + 2x2 + x x
Notice that x
=
, which is not the given rational function.
2
(x + 1)
x2 + 2x + 1

2. We define, given a positive function f (x), the expected value of f (x) is

Z
2
1

E[f (X)] =
f (x)ex /2 dx.
2
R
(a) If f (x)dx converges, show E[f (X)] converges.
Since
2
2
ex /2 1 for all x, f (x)ex /2 f (x) for all x.
Note that both functions in the inequality are nonnegative. Since the improper integral
Z
f (x) dx converges ,

we can conclude that

Z

f (x)ex

/2

dx converges, by the Comparison Test.

(b) Carefully compute the expected value for f (x) = x3 .

Although this is an odd function, since the integral is an improper integral, we cannot conclude
that its value is zero. We would first need to establish convergence to apply this reasoning, and
the previous item does not apply in this situation, so we do not immediately have convergence.
We can proceed in one of two ways. Perhaps the most obvious approach is to simplify the
2
integrand with a substitution. Let w = x2 , dw = xdx. So
Z
2
1
x3 ex /2 dx
E[X 3 ] =
2
Z 0
Z
2
1
1
3 x2 /2
=
x e
dx +
x3 ex /2 dx
2
2 0
Z 0
Z b
2
2
1
1
lim
x3 ex /2 dx +
lim
x3 ex /2 dx
=
2 a a
2 b 0
Z 0
Z 0
1
1
w

=2
lim
we dw 2
lim
wew dw.
2 a a
2 b b
Let u0 = ew and let v = w, then u = ew and v 0 = 1. Integrating by parts
Z 0
1

2
lim
wew dw
2 a a


Z 0
1
w 0
w
=2
lim
we |a
e dw
2 a
a


1
0
0
=2
lim
wew |a ew |a
2 a


1
=2
lim aea e0 + ea
2 a
2
= .
2
Likewise
1
2
lim
2 b
3

so E[X ] = 0.

Z
b

2
wew dw = ,
2

3. (a) Find a reduction formula for

Z
In =

(cos x)n dx

To find a reduction formula, the easiest thing to do is integration by parts. Let u = cosn1 (x)
and v 0 = cos(x). Then,
Z
Z
n
n1
In = (cos x) dx = cos
(x) sin(x) + (n 1) cosn2 (x) sin2 (x)dx
Z
= cosn1 (x) sin(x) + (n 1) cosn2 (x)(1 cos2 (x))dx
Z
Z
n1
n2
= cos
(x) sin(x) + (n 1) cos
(x)dx (n 1) cosn (x)dx
In = cosn1 (x) sin(x) + (n 1)In2 (n 1)In
nIn = cosn1 (x) sin(x) + (n 1)In2
1
n1
In = cosn1 (x) sin(x) +
In2
n
n
(b) Find I4 . From the reduction formula above,
1
cos3 (x) sin(x) +
4
1
= cos3 (x) sin(x) +
4
1
= cos3 (x) sin(x) +
4
1
= cos3 (x) sin(x) +
4

I4 =

3
I2
4 Z

3
cos2 (x)dx
4
Z

3
1
(1 + cos(2x)) dx
4
2


3
1
x + sin(2x) + C
8
2

4. Consider the region bounded by x = 4, y = 2, and y =

4 x.

(a) Sketch and shade in the given region.

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

(b) Clearly set up and evaluate the following volumes:

i. The volume of the solid formed by rotating the region about the line x = 4.
The slices are perpendicular to x = 4, so we use y and the horizontal slices are discs.
Volume of a slice = r2 y
r = 4 (4 y 2 ) = y 2
Then,
Z
Volume of Solid =
0

2
32
y 5 
=
y dy =

5 0
5
4

ii. The volume of the solid formed by rotating the region about y = 1.
Slices perpendicular to y = 1, so x and vertical slices are washers.
Volume of a slice = (R2 r2 )x

R
r

2 (1) = 3
p

=
4 x (1= 1 + (4 x)

Then,
Z

Volume of Solid =

32 ( 4 x + 1)2 dx =

9 ((4 x) + 2 4 x + 1)dx


4


x2
4
=
4 + x 2 4 xdx = 4x +
+ (4 x)3/2 
2
3
0
0


32
40
= 16 + 8
=
.
3
3
Z

5. Compute the following integrals:

Z
x+1

(a)
dx
2
x + 3x + 1
Z
Z
1
(2x + 2)
x+1

2
dx =
dx
x2 + 3x + 1
x2 + 3x + 1
Z 1
2 (2x + 3 1)

=
dx
x2 + 3x + 1
Z
Z
1
(2x + 3)
1
1

=
dx
dx
2
2
2
2
x + 3x + 1
x + 3x + 1
On the first term, we can do a subsitution with u = x2 + 3x + 1 and du = (2x + 3)dx. In the
second term, we complete the square in the denominator.
Z
Z
Z
1
1
du
1
x+1

q
dx =
dx
2
u 2
x2 + 3x + 1
(x + 3 )2 5
2

In the second term, we take v = 2(x + 3/2)/ 5, and get

Z
Z
Z
du
1
1
x+1
1

dx =
dv
2
2
2
u 2
x + 3x + 1
v 1

1/2 
 2(x + 3/2)  4(x + 3/2)2
p
1



+
1
= x2 + 3x + 1 ln 
 + C6

2 
5
5
Z
(b)

arcsin(x)dx
We proceed by integration by parts, with u = arcsin(x) and v 0 = 1:
Z
Z
x

dx
arcsin(x)dx = x arcsin(x)
1 x2
1p
= x arcsin(x) +
1 x2 + C
2
Z

(c)

(x + 1)2 2x + 4dx

If we let u = (2x + 4), we will be able to right everything as powers of u:

2
Z
Z 

1
u4
2
(x + 1) 2x + 4dx =
+1
u du
2
2
Z 
2
1
u
=
1
udu
2
2

Z  2

1
u
=
u+1
udu
2
4
Z 5/2

1
u
=
u3/2 + udu
2
4


1 1 7/2 2 5/2 2 3/2
=
u u + u
+C
2 14
5
3


1 1
2
2
7/2
5/2
3/2
=
(2x + 4) (2x + 4) + (2x + 4)
+C
2 14
5
3

Z
(d)

x2 (cos(x) + sin(x))dx

This integral is clearly integration by parts. Let u = x2 and v 0 = cos(x) + sin(x), with u0 = 2x
and v = sin(x) cos(x):
Z
Z
2
2
x (cos(x) + sin(x))dx = x (sin(x) cos(x)) 2x(sin(x) cos(x))dx
Z
integration by parts again = x2 (sin(x) cos(x)) 2x( cos(x) sin(x)) 2( sin(x) cos(x))dx
= x2 (sin(x) cos(x)) 2x( cos(x) sin(x)) + 2( cos(x) + sin(x) + C

6. Determine the convergence of the following improper integrals using whatever method you choose.
R
(a) 0 xx+1
3 +x dx
This improper integral is improper at both ends. As x , the integrand looks like xx3
1
x2 , so the integral from 1 to infinity is probably convergent. As x goes to 0, however, the
denominator is more like x. The educated guess is then that this diverges. Since x3 < x, for
0 < x < 1, we know that:
x+1
x+1
>
for 0 < x < 1.
3
x +x
2x
R 1 x+1
R 1 dx
x+1
Since xx+1
3 +x >
2x for 0 < x < 1 and 0 2x dx diverges (since 0 x diverges), by the
R1
R x+1
comparison theorem we know that 0 xx+1
dx also diverges.
3 +x dx diverges and thus
0 x3 +x
x3 + x < 2x

(b)

R7
2

1 dx
7x

This integral is straightforward to compute:

Z

dx = lim
b7
7x

1
dx
7x
2
b

= lim 2 7 x2
b7

= lim 2 7 b + 2 5 = 2 5.

b7

R7 1
This improper integral then converges since 2 7x
dx < .
R sin(x)+2
dx Just like in part (a), this improper integral has two bad spots, one as we head
(c) 0
x
to infinity and one at 0. Notice that sin(x) + 2 > 0, so if one of those pieces diverges, the
whole integral must diverge. The easiest thing to do is notice that
1
sin(x) + 2
3
<
< for allx.
x
x
x
R
Since 1 x1 dx diverges and
verges.

1
x

<

sin(x)+2
,
x

by the comparison theorem

R
1

sin(x)+2
dx
x

also di-

7. (a) Using whatever method of substitution you prefer, compute

Z

3
4 z 2 2 dz.

We will need use trig substitution with z = 2 sin :

Z
Z

3

3
2 2
dz =
4 4 sin2 2 2 cos d
4z
Z
Z
= 16 cos4 d = 16 (cos2 )2 d
2
Z 
1
= 16
(1 + cos(2)) d
2
Z


=4
1 + 2 cos(2) + cos2 (2) d

Z 
1
=4
1 + 2 cos(2) + (1 + cos(4)) d
2
Z
1
3
+ 2 cos(2) + cos(4)d
=4
2
2
1
= 6 + 4 sin(2) + sin(4) + C
2
To convert back to z, we will use that sin 2 = 2 sin cos and sin 4 = 2 sin 2 cos 2 =
4 sin cos (1 2 sin2 ). Since z = 2 sin ,
z2
sin 2 = z 1
4


z2
and sin 4 = 2z 1
4


1 

z2
2 1
.
2

Subsituting these identities in, we get:

Z

3
1
3
+ sin(2) + sin(4) + C
4 z 2 2 dz =
2
8

1/2

1/2 

z
z2
z2
2z 2
= 6 arcsin + 4z 1
+z 1
1
+C
2
4
4
4

3
R2
(b) Find 0 4 z 2 2 dz.
Since we found the indefinite integral above, solving the definite integral is simply a matter of
plugging in:
Z

4z
0

32


1/2

1/2 
2
z2
z
z2
2z 2 
dz = 6 arcsin + 4z 1
+z 1
1

2
4
4
4 
0

= 6 arcsin(1) 0 = 3