1.

2.

is the basis of measurement of customer satisfaction in telephone design

Loudness level of the receive speech depends:

Loudness
Acoustic pressure
provided by the
talker
Loudness loss of
the acoustic-toacoustic path

3.
4.

It is a pair of wires connecting the subscriber to the local exchange.

the signal current to flow when the subscriber transmits information and
concerns more on signal quality.

Subscriber Loop
Talk battery

5.

the ringing current to ring the bell on telephone instrument.

AC signaling

6.

the current that flow through the loop when the telephone instruments is
taken off on the cradle.

DC signaling

7.

the current that flow when the subscriber start dialing.

Varying DC signaling

8.

It is an assembly of conductor in a protective coverage sheet arranged so

that the connection can be use singly or a combination of it.

Cable

9.

is a cable installed beneath the surface of the earth inside a conduit but in
such a manner that it can be removed without disturbing the earth
surface.

Underground cable

10. are cables that have been directly covered with earth surface in such a
manner that the earth surface must be disturbed to remove it.

Buried cables

11. it is a cable suspended on poles or other overhead structure.

Aerial cable

12. cables extend from local exchange main distribution frame (MDF) to the
general area where telephone services are to be provided.

Feeder cable

13. It refers to an aerial subscriber cable extending away from a main aerial
feeder, a branch aerial feeder, or from a cable to which distribution
terminal are directly replace for service connection.

Distribution cable

14. cables that are connected to an open wire line or cable and bring it to a
building.

Entrance cable

15. It refers to AC loop loss at reference frequency

Transmission Design
Criteria
1000HZ
800HZ
Transmission Design
Criteria
Resistance Design
Criteria

16. North American Standard Reference Frequency

17. CCITT Standard Reference Frequency
18. Also known as attenuation limits
19. Also known as the signaling limits.
20. It is the rating system standardized by CCITT to grade customer

Reference Equivalent

satisfaction.
21. It refers to current and resitance drops in the line
22. is the standard setup consisting of a telephone transmitter, receiver and
network that is established in ITU laboratory.

23. it is the conduction of a test for transmit quantities.

24. it is the conduction of test for received quantities.
25. is equal to the sum of TRE, RRE and all the intervening losses of a
telephone connection end to end with reference to 800 Hz.
26.
27.
28.
29.

Maximum value of TRE

Maximum value of RRE
Maximum value of ORE
It replaces Reference Equivalent because of its difficulty in achieving the
same value as the calibrated loss.

(RE)
Resistance Design
Criteria
Nouveau Systame
Fondamental Pour la
Determination des
Equivalents de
Reference (NOSFER)
Transmit Reference
Equivalent (TRE)
Receive Reference
Equivalent (RRE)
Overall Reference
Equivalent (ORE)
20.8 dB
12.2 dB
33.0 dB
Corrected Reference
Equivalent (CRE)

30. is conceptually the same with ORE and become the international standard
for measuring customer satisfaction of a speech telephone connecttion.

Overall Loudness
Rating (OLR)

31. Methods to meet dc resistance contraints

Use a higher
diameter cable
Use equalized
telephone sets
Use a unigauge
design or use a
higher voltage
supply

32. A design that attempt to use a small wire as possible while retaining the
resistance and attenuation limits for both long and short distances.

Unigauge Design

33. Voltage for Short distance (5km)

-48v

34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

26
72 or 96v
5dB
Loading coils
Phase Velocity (Vp)
Inter-symbol
Interference

AWG for Short distance

Voltage for Long distance
Unigauge Design Amplifier gain of Long distance
Unigauge Design beyond 8km
it measure the speed of are propagation along the transmission line.
it results when certain frequencies may be delayed so much that they
interfere with frequencies corresponding to later pulses.

40. is the measurement of loss of a signal power per meter of line length. A
constant attenuation constant would avoid amplitude distortion.
41.
42.
43.
44.

Attenuation constant
(Ac)

ENERCON MIDTERM REVIEWER

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a circuit changes, an e.m.f.
is always induced in it
The induced currents in a conductor are in such a direction as to
oppose the change in magnetic field that produces them..
The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is equal to the rate of change
of flux linkages.
The Thumb represents the direction of Motion of the conductor
Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an e.m.f. is induced in
that conductor
A changing magnetic flux through a loop or loops of wire induces
an electromotive force (voltage) in each loop

8.

The direction of induced E.M.F in a coil (conductor) is such that it

opposes the cause of producing it..
9. The First finger (fore finger) represent
10. The Second finger (Middle finger) represents Current
11. Are the basic requirements to be satisfied for generation of E.M.F

12. As the loop rotates, the _____ through it changes with time
13. The ends of the loop are connected to _____ that rotate with the
loop
14. Acts as frame of the machine
15. Pole core & Pole shoe are laminated of what steel?
16. Provide mechanical support, lowreluctance for magnetic flux but
high Permeability.
17. Carry the field coils, Rectangle Cross sections, Laminated to reduce
heat losses
Fitted to yoke through
bolts
18. Pole core and Pole shoe have a usual thickness of?
19. Hard drawn copper bars segments insulated from each other by
mica segments (insulation)
20. Split-Rings acts like?
21. Between armature & External circuit
22. Mechanical link between prime over and armature Bearings
23. Made ofCarbon, Carbon graphite, copper used to Collects current
from commutation
24. Armature Winding is classified into two types:

DC generator
Faraday 1st law
Lenzs Law
Faraday 2nd law
Fleming's Right Hand
Rule
Faraday 1st law
Faradays Law of
Electromagnetic
Induction
Lenzs Law
Field
Current
1.A uniform Magnetic
field 2.A System of
conductors 3.Relative
motion between the
magnetic field and
conductors
magnetic flux
slip rings
Yoke
annealed
Yoke
Pole core

1mm to 0.25mm
commutator
Rectifier AC to DC
commutator
Shaft
Brushes and Brush
gear
Lap winding
Wave winding

25. are used in machines designed for low voltage and high

Lap winding

current
26. In lap winding armatures are constructed with __ because
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

33.
34.

35.

of high current
The windings of a lap wound armature are connected in ___
The number of parallel path in lap winding is dependent on
what?
are used in machines designed for high voltage and low
current
In wave winding windings connected in what?
The number of parallel path in wave winding?
In wave winding When the windings are connected in series,
the voltage of each winding adds, but the current capacity
remains the ___
are used is in the small generator
is the positioning of the DC generator brushes so that the
commutator segments change brushes at the same time the
armature current changes direction.
The total losses in a dc machine

36. are mainly due to the current passing through the winding
37. Losses due to brush contact resistance is usually include in
38.
39.
40.

41.
42.

armature cu losses
losses (Magnetic losses) (20 to 30% of full load losses)
The losses is due to the reversal of magnetization of the
armature core
when the armature core rotates, it cuts the magnetic flux
hence an e.m.f induced in in the body of the core according
to faradays law of electro magnetic induction.
is defined as the ratio of output power to input power
Efficiency
discovered the principles of Electromagnetic Induction

43. generated a crude form of alternating current when he

Large wire
parallel
No of poles.
Wave winding
series
two
same

Wave winding
Commutation

1.Cu losses
2.Iron losses
3.Mechanical losses
Copper losses
Armature Losses
iron
Hysteresis losses
Eddy current losses

Efficiency of D.C
Generator
Michael Faraday and
Joseph
Hippolyte Pixii

designed and built the first alternator.

44. conceived the idea of rotating magnetic field which he used

Walter Baily

to run his battery-operated polyphase motor

45. independently invented a Commutatorless AC Induction

Motor
46. AC motors generally operate on the principle of __ produced

from a polyphase current source.

47. are wounded around the steel laminations which carries the

polyphase alternating current that produces the rotating

magnetic field.
48. is the rotating part of an AC motor. It can be made from a
permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
49. produced in the rotor interacts with the rotating magnetic

Galileo Ferraris and

Nikola Tesla
rotating magnetic
field
Insulated copper
winding
rotor
Magnetic field

field in the stator by aligning its magnetic poles to the

magnetic poles of the stator field.
50. Speed varies depending on the load and Cant run on
polyphase AC power
51.
52. Called as Universal Motor since it can run on both DC and

AC.
53. constant speed motor - its rotor rotates at the same as the
rotating magnetic field in the stator (in sync) - Its speed
does not depend on its load. - Generally used for high
precision applications. - Uses Polyphase AC supply
54. Rotor speed is slightly slower than synchronous speed.

Series Motor

Series Motor
Synchronous AC Moto

Induction Motor

55.

56. Nrotor < Ns

Speed is dependent of its load

variable speed
Uses conductor loops for its rotor
Used for general applications where constant speed is
irrelevant Cheap and easier to maintain
57. Nrotor = Ns
Speed is independent of its load
Constant speed
Uses permanent or electromagnets for its rotor
Used for High precision applications
Complex rotor construction
58. Nrotor = Ns
Speed is independent of its load
Constant speed
Uses permanent or electromagnets for its rotor
Used for High precision applications Complex rotor
construction
59. Uses Direct Current to operate
Uses brushes and commutators to facilitate rotation
Speed control depends on current flowing through the
armature winding Usually suited for general applications

Induction Motor

Synchronous Motor

AC motor

DC motor