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basic needs for humans to survive, such as air, water and food.
In the second level, safety needs exist which include personal
Activity
Do you have the same hierarchy of needs as other people you
know?
Does your hierarchy of needs always remain constant or does
it change depending on your present circumstances?
Is there a hierarchy or do we generally address all these needs
all the time?
The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if
possible,
Because of this most people needed to be coerced, controlled, directed and
threatened with punishment to get them to put adequate effort into the
achievement of organizational objectives, and
The average person prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has
very little ambition and wants security above all else.
McGregor advocated that the application of Theory Y, would not only meet
the needs of the organization but also those of the employee. He believed
that Theory X at best only met Maslows Deficiency needs, whilst Theory Y
also met the Growth Needs. You would thus have more motivated employees
if you adopted Theory Y.
Activity
Did you score as a Theory X or Theory Y person?
Were you surprised by your score on this exercise?
Existence Needs
Include all material and physiological desires (e.g., food, water, air, clothing,
safety, physical love and affection). In terms of Maslow's model, existence
needs include (physiological and safety needs)
2.
Relatedness Needs
Encompass social and external esteem; relationships with significant others
like family, friends, co-workers and employers. This also means to be
recognized and feel secure as part of a group or family. (In terms of
Maslow's model, relatedness correspondence to social needs)
3.
Growth Needs
Internal esteem and self actualization; these impel a person to make
creative or productive effects on himself and the environment (e.g., to
progress toward one's ideal self). This includes desires to be creative and
productive, and to complete meaningful tasks. (In terms of Maslow's model,
growth needs include esteem and selfrealization needs)
Even though the priority of these needs differ from person to person,
Alderfers ERG theory prioritizes in terms of the categories'
concreteness. Existence needs are the most concrete, and easiest to
verify. Relatedness needs are less concrete than existence needs, which
depend on a relationship between two or more people. Finally, growth
needs are the least concrete in that their specific objectives depend on the
uniqueness of each person.
4. MCCLELLANDS NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT,
Needs for achievement: The person who has a high need for
achievement seeks achievement and tries to attain challenging goals.
There is a strong need for feedback as to achievement and progress, and
a need for a sense of accomplishment. The person who have a high
Affiliation
Dominant
Motivator
Power
achievement
recognition
work itself
responsibility
advancement
supervision
salary
interpersonal relationships
working conditions
Activity
In evaluating Herzberg's theory do you consider it more a theory of
motivation or job satisfaction?
Do you agree with his placement of factors on the hygiene or
motivator list?
Do they work for you?