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Introduction
Total stress
v = Vertical
Vertical Force
Stress =
Cross Sectional Area
v = z
v = sat z + w z w
v= u z w + w (z z w )
v = z + q
u = w hw
v = 'u ' = v u
Soil loaded by an
applied weight W
W
W
Compression
No deformation
Vertical Force
= Vertical Stress =
Cross Sectional Area
v ' = v uw
v
uw
Case (a)
W
A
W
A
Case (b)
W
A
W
A
(1)
(2)
Dry
Saturated
bulk = dry
2m
bulk = sat
3m
Example
Step 2: Calculation of relevant bulk unit weights
Vv=e Vs
= 0.7m3
Voids
Vs= 1m3
Solid
Distribution by
Volume
dry
26.46 kN
=
170
. m3
sat
Ww = Vv w kN
= 0.7 9.8 kN
= 6.86 kN
Ww=0
Ws = Vs G s w
= 1 2.7 9.8 kN
= 26.46 kN
Ws = Vs G s w
= 1 2.7 9.8 kN
= 26.46 kN
Distribution by weight
for the dry soil
(26.46 + 6.86) kN
170
. m3
= 1556
. kN / m
Distribution by weight
for the saturated soil
3
Gs w
=
1+ e
= 19.60 kN / m 3 =
w (G s + e )
1+ e
Example
Step 3 Calculate total stress
v = 1556
. 2 + 19.60 3 = 89.92 kPa ( kN / m 2 )
2m
3m
50
100
150 kPa
0m
2m
4m
6m
Depth
8m
Total
Stress
pore water
pressure
Effective
stress
(5m)
Example