A

MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

LIGHT SEEKING ROBOT

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

BY
MOHD SAJID
12081A0451

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Associate Prof. HILAL AHMED MALIK

SHADAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

HIMAYATSAGAR ROAD, PEERANCHERU, HYDERABAD-500 008
(AFFILIATED TO J.N.T.U. HYDERABAD)
2015-2016

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report on the mini project entitled LIGHT SEEKING

ROBOT has been submitted By MOHD SAJID bearing Roll No. 12081A0451, under
the guidance of Associate Prof. HILAL AHMED MALIK in the partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and
Communication Engineering affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Kukatpally, Hyderabad.

Date:
Place: HYDERABAD

INTERNAL GUIDE

Prof. M.A.MUBEEN

Associate Prof. H.A. MALIK

HOD, Department of ECE,

SCET, Hyderabad.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the mini project entitled, LIGHT SEEKING ROBOT
completed and written by me has not previously formed the basis for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering.

Date:

MOHD SAJID

Place: HYDERABAD

12081A0451

Signature of the Student

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am immensely grateful to my mini project guide Mr. HILAL AHMED MALIK,
Associate professor and HOD of ECE Department in Shadan College of Engineering &
Technology, Hyderabad for all the support, encouragement and valuable guidance offered by
him and valuable advice by our Mini-Project Co-ordinator Mr. MOHAMMED ABDUL
MUBEEN, Associate Prof. throughout the course of my mini project.

Finally I am thankful to one and all who have helped me directly or indirectly to
complete this mini project successfully.

MOHD SAJID
12081A0451

Examination Approval Sheet

The mini project report entitled "LIGHT SEEKING ROBOT" By MOHD
SAJID bearing Roll No.12081A0451 is approved for the degree of Bachelor of Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering) of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Kukatpally, Hyderabad.

Examiners
1. Head of the Department
2. External Examiner
3. Internal Examiner
4. Mini-Project Co-ordinator
Date

Place : HYDERABAD

ABSTRACT
This is a Simple and cheap approach of Light Seeking Robot, It is a simple circuit
which works on the 555 timers. A Light Seeking Robot is a robot that basically moves
towards a nearby light source. This project uses a very simple circuit, so just about anyone
can make it. This Robot uses Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and many different
components. This is a good design for people who are new to this kind of thing. I made this
robot using the 555 timer, because it is a very common and easy to use component good for
beginners, and does not require using programming or very complicated set up.
This robot was developed on a vision based system to navigate the robot through the
light source. It explains the implementation, details and future improvements of the project.

CONTENTS

Sl.No.
1

Title

Chapter 1
Introduction

2.1 Description

2.2 Components Required

2.3 Circuit Diagram

2.4 Circuit Operation

Chapter 3 Components Description

4

3.1.1 Functional Description

3.1.2 Block Diagram

3.1.3 Pin description

3.1.4 Monostable Mode

3.1.4 Astable Mode

3.2 Resistor
3.3 Capacitor

Chapter 2

3.1 555 - Timer

Page No

9
10

3.5.1 Polarised Capacitor

10

3.5.2 Un-polarised Capacitor

11

3.4 Light Dependent Resistor

12

3.5 DC Motor

12

Chapter 4 Printed Circuit Board

4.1 PCB

14

4.2 PCB Design

15

4.3 PCB Layout

16

4.4 PCB Preparation

16

4.5 PCB Etching

17

4.6 PCB Trouble Shooting

17

Chapter 5 Result
Result

18

Chapter 6 Advantages
5.1 Advantages

19

5.2 Applications

19

CONCLUSION

20

REFERENCES

21

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. No.

Title

Page No

Circuit Diagram

3.1

555 Timer

3.2

Block Diagram of 555 Timer

3.3

Schematic of a 555 in Monostable Mode

3.4

Output Waveforms of 555 - Timer

3.5

Astable Multivibrator

3.6

Resistor

10

3.7

Electrolytic Capacitor

10

3.8

Tantalum Bead Capacitor

11

3.9

Unpolarised Capacitor

11

3.10

Light Dependent Resistor

12

3.11

DC motor

13

4.1

PCB

14

4.2

PCB Design

15

4.2

PCB Layout

16

5.1

Output When Circuit is OFF

18

5.1

Output When Circuit is ON

18