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Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
Chapter 19
Mensuration of Sphere
19.1 Sphere:
A sphere is a solid bounded by a closed surface every point of
which is equidistant from a fixed point called the centre. Most familiar
examples of a sphere are baseball, tennis ball, bowling, and so forth.
Terms such as radius, diameter, chord, and so forth, as applied to
the sphere are defined in the same sense as for the circle.
Thus, a radius of a sphere is a straight line segment connecting its
centre with any point on the sphere. Obviously, all radii of the same
sphere are equal.
Diameter of the sphere is a straight line drawn from the surface and
after passing through the centre ending at the surface.
The sphere may also be considered as generated by the complete
rotation of a semicircle about a diameter.
369
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
= 4 r 2
= d2
=
4 3 3
r d
3
6
(ii)
Volume of a sphere
(iii)
3
(D d 3 )
6
Example 1:
The diameter of a sphere is 13.5m. Find its surface area and
volume.
Solution:
Here
d = 13.5m
Surface area = 4 r 2 = d 2
= (13.5) 2
= 572.56 sq. m.
Volume of sphere
4 3 3
r d
3
6
Example 2:
Two spheres each a 10m diameter are melted down and recast into
a cone with a height equal to the radius of its base, Find the height
of the cone.
Solution:
Here d = 10m
Radius of cone
= height of the cone
r =h
Volume of sphere
3
d
6
3
10
=
6
370
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
1 3
r h
3
1 3
h
3
= 1047.2
= 1047.2
h3
3 x 1047.2
= 1000
h = 10m
Example 3:
How many leaden ball of a
1
cm. in diameter can be cost out of
4
1
cm. = d1
4
= 3cm = d2
3
d1
6
1
64
= 0.0082 cu. cm
Volume of metal ball
3
d2
6
3
= (3)
6
=
= 14.137 cu. cm
Number of leaden ball
14.137
1728.00
0.0082
Exercise 19(A)
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
371
Applied Math
Q.4
Q.5
Q.6
Q.7
Q.8
Q.9
Q.10
Q.11
Q.12
Q.13
Mensuration of Sphere
1
in. in diameter are to be painted.
2
Answers 19(A)
Q.1
Q.4
Q.7
1413.72 sq. m
cm.
648
703 Balls
Q.10
2324.78 Lbs.
Q.13
62915.6 gms.
Q.2
Q.5
Q.8
Q.11
2.34cm.
Q.3
0.1033
7.43 m
Q.6
3.93 gallons Q.9
3:2:1 ; 1:1:
5
4
Q.12
coulomb/sq.
3 cm
65.45 cu. ft.
17104.23 liters
372
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
V=
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
h 2
(h 3r12 3r2 2 )
6
V=
h 2
(h 3r12 )
6
2 r h + r12
373
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
h 2
(h 3r12 )
6
h
(3r h)
=
6
=
(ii)
(iii)
h 2
(h + 3r12 3r22 )
6
Example 4:
374
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
h 2
(h + 3r12 3r22 )
6
x9
{(9) 2 3(7) 2 3(20) 2}
=
6
x3
(81 147 1200)
=
2
3
= x x1428
2
= 6729.29 cu. cm.
In the right triangles OAB and OCD,
OB2 = OA2 + AB2
= x2 + (20)2
and
OD2 = OC2 + CD2
= (x + 9)2 + (7)2
Since
OB
= OD
2
Or
OB
= OD2
Or
x2 + 202 = (x + 9)2 + 72
2
x + 400 = x2 + 18x + 81 + 49
400 = 18x + 130
x = 15cm
2
Now, from (1) OB = 152 + 202
OB2 = 625
OB = r = 25cm
So, area of the zone = 2 r h
= 2 x 25 x 9
= 1413.72 sq. cm.
Example 5:
What proportion of the volume of a
sphere 20cm. in diameter is
contained between two parallel
planes distant 6cm from the centre
and on opposite side of it?
Solution:
Here
r1 = 6cm
375
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
r2 = 6cm
h = 12cm
d = 20cm
Volume of the sphere =
=
(20)3
6
3
d
6
= 4188.79 cu. cm
h 2
(h + 3r12 3r22 )
6
x 12 2
(12 + 6 62 )
=
6
= x 2(144 + 216) = 2261.95 cu. cm.
2261.95
0.54 or 54%
4188.79
Exercise 19(B)
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
Q.5
Q.6
The sphere of radius 8cm is cut by two parallel planes, one passing
2cm. from the centre and the other 7cm. from the centre. Find the
area of the zone and volume of the segment between two planes if
both are on the same side of the centre.
Find the volume of the zone and the total surface area of the zone
of a sphere of radius 8cm, and the radius of the smaller end is 6cm.
The thickness of the zone is 12cm.
What is the volume of a spherical segment of a sphere of one base
if the altitude of the segment is 12cm. and radius of the sphere is
3cm.
What percentage of the volume of a sphere 16cm. in diameter is
contained between two parallel planes distant 4cm and 6cm. from
the centre and on opposite side of it.
Find the nearest gallons the quantity of water contains in a bowl
whose shape is a segment of sphere. The depth of bowl is 7in. and
radius of top is 11 in. (1 gallon = 231 cu. cm.)
The core for a cast iron piece has the shape of a spherical segment
of two bases. The diameters of the upper and lower bases are 2ft.
and 6 ft. respectively, and the distance between the bases is 3ft. If
the average weight of a cu. ft. of core is 100 Lbs. find the weight of
the core.
376
Applied Math
Q.7
Mensuration of Sphere
1
in.; and the altitude of the
2
segment formed by the inner shell is 2 in. find the weight of the
bronze base. (The average weight of a cu. ft. bronze is 529 Lbs.)
Answers 19(B)
Q.1
Q.3
Q.6
Summary
If r is the radius and d is the diameter of a great circle, then
1.
S = Surface area of a sphere = 4 r 2
Or
= d2
2.
Volume of sphere
3.
For a spherical shell if R and r are the outer and inner radii
respectively, then
Volume of the shell
4 3
3
r or
d
3
6
4
(R 3 r 3 ) or (D 3 d 3 )
3
6
Zone of sphere
If the two parallel planes cut the sphere, then the portion of the
sphere between the parallel planes is called the zone of the sphere.
(i)
h 2
(h +3r12 +3r2 2 ) where r1, r2 are the
6
(iii)
(iv)
(ii)
h 2
(h +3r12 )
6
In this case,
Total surface area of the segment = 2 r h+ r12
377
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
Short Questions
Q.1:
Q.2:
Q.3:
Q.4:
Q.5:
Q.6:
Q.7:
Q.8:
Q.9:
Q.10:
Q.11:
Q.12:
Q.13:
Q.14:
Q.15:
Define sphere.
Define Spherical shell
A solid cylinder of glass, the radius of whose base in 9 cm and
height 12 cm is melted and turned into a sphere. Find the radius of
the sphere so formed.
Find the thickness of a shell whose inner diameter measures
7 cm if it weight half as which as a solid ball of same diameter.
How many square meter of copper will be required to cover a
hemi-spherical done 30 m diameter?
A spherical common ball, 6 cm in diameter is melted and cost into
a conical mould the base of which is 12 cm in diameter. Find the
height of the cone.
How many cu.ft of gas are necessary to inflate a spherical ball to a
diameter of 60 inch?
A cost iron sphere of 8 cm in diameter is coated with a layer of
lead 7 cm thick. Find the total weight of lead.
A lead bar of length 10 cm, width 5 cm and thickness 4 cm is
melted down and made 5 equal spherical bullets. Find radius of
each bullet.
A sphere of diameter 22cm is charged with 157 coulombs of
electricity. Find the surface density of electricity.
charge
(Hint: Surface density = Surface area )
How many lead balls, each of radius 1 cm can be made from a
sphere whose radius is 8 cm?
Write the formula for surface area of Segment of a sphere.
1
Find the volume of a segment of a sphere whose height is 4 2 cm
and diameter of whose base is 8 cm.
The area of cross-section of a prism is 52 sq.m. What is the weight
of the frustum of the prism of the smallest length is 10cm and the
greatest length is 24.3 cm? Density of material 0.29 Lb/cu.cm.
Write the formula of volume of sphere and hemi-sphere.
Answers
Q3.
Q6.
Q9.
Q13.
r=9
3 cm
2.12 cm
160.8 cu. cm
Q4.
Q7.
Q10.
Q14.
0.50 cm.
Q5.
65.45 cu. ft Q8.
0.1032 col/ sq.cm
258.62 Lbs
1413.72 sq. m.
5307.33 cu. cm
Q11. 512 balls.
378
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
4 r 3 (b)
4 r 2 (c)
r2
(d)
4 3
r
3
4 3
D (b)
3
4D 2 (c)
3
D (d)
6
2
D
4
___3. If R and r are the external and internal radii of spherical shell
respectively, then its volume is
(a)
4
(R 3 r 3 )
3
(b)
(c)
4 (R3 r3 )
(d)
4
(R 2 r 2 )
3
3 3
(R r )
3
___4. If a plane cuts a sphere into two unequal positions then each
portion is called
(a) circle
(b) diameter (c) hemi-sphere (d) segment
___5. If two parallel planes cut the sphere by separating two segments,
the portion between the planes is called
(a)
zone (b)
volume (c) surface (d) hemisphere
___6. Volume of hemi-sphere is
(a)
2 3
r (b)
3
4 3
r (c)
3
1 3
r
2
(d)
3 r 2
379
Applied Math
Mensuration of Sphere
=
=
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=
=
=
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=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1 foot (ft.)
1 yard (yd)
1 yard
1 Furlong (Fr.)
1 Mile (mi)
1 mile
1000 centimeter (cm.)
1 cm.
1 decimeter (dm.)
1m
1 Dekameter (DM.)
1 Hectometer (HM.)
2.54cm
0.3048m
0.8144 m
1.6093 Km
0.3937 in.
3.2808 ft.
1.0936 yd
0.6214 mile
=
=
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4.5461 litres
10 Lbs
62.3 Lbs
1000 cu. cm
231 cu. inch.