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NORTH MAHARASHSTRA UNIVERSITY


SYLLABUS FOR Ph. D.
ENTRANCE TEST

PAPER I

GENERAL APTITUDE TEST

Ph. D. ENTRANCE TEST


Syllabus for PAPER-I
I.

Research Aptitude :
Research: Meaning, characteristics and types;
Steps of research;
Methods of research;
Research Ethics;
Paper, article, workshop, seminar, conference and symposium;
Thesis writing: its characteristics and format.

II.

Teaching Aptitude :
Teaching : Nature, objectives, characteristics and basic requirements;
Learners characteristics;
Factors affecting teaching;
Methods of teaching;
Teaching aids;
Evaluation systems.

III.

Reading Comprehension :
A passage to be set with questions to be answered.

IV.

General Awareness about Basic Science :


Basic Science up to the level of SSC.

V.

Mathematical Reasoning:
Number series; letter series; codes;
Relationships; classification.

VI.

Logical Reasoning :
Understanding the structure of arguments;
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning;
Verbal analogies : Word analogy-Applied analogy;
Verbal classification;
Reasoning Logical Diagrams : Simple diagrammatic relationship, multidiagrammatic
relationship; Venn diagram; Analytical Reasoning.

VII. Data Interpretation :


Sources, acquisition and interpretation of data;
Quantitative and qualitative data;
Graphical representation and mapping of data.

VIII. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) :


ICT : meaning, advantages, disadvantages and uses;
General abbreviations and terminology;
Basics of internet and e-mailing.

IX.

Environment Awareness :
People and environment interaction;
Sources of pollution;
Pollutants and their impact on human life, exploitation of natural and energy
resources; Natural hazards and mitigation.

X.

General Awareness about Higher Education System :


Structure of the institutions for higher learning and research in India; formal and
distance education; professional/technical and general education; value education;
governance, polity and administration; concept, institutions and their interactions.

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NORTH MAHARASHSTRA UNIVERSITY


SYLLABUS FOR Ph. D.
ENTRANCE TEST

PAPER II
FACULTY : SCIENCE (Excluding Computer Science)

Physics
1)

Mathematical Methods of Physics

Dimensional analysis; Vector algebra and vector calculus; Linear algebra, matrices,
eigenvalue problems; Linear differential equations; Special functions (Hermite, Bessel,
Laguerre and Legendre); Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace transforms; Elements of
complex analysis; Laurent series-poles, residues and evaluation of integrals; Elementary
ideas about tensors; Elements of computational techniques: roots of functions, interpolation,
extrapolation, integration by trapezoid and Simpsons rule, Elementary probability theory,
random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions.

2)

Classical Mechanics

Newtons laws; Phase space dynamics, stability analysis; Central-force motion;


Twobody collisions, scattering in laboratory and centre-of-mass frames; Rigid body
dynamics, moment of inertia tensor, non-inertial frames and pseudoforces; Variational
principles, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms and equations of motion; Poisson
brackets and canonical transformations; Symmetry, invariance and conservation laws, cyclic
coordinates; Periodic motion, small oscillations and normal modes; Special theory of
relativity, Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass-energy equivalence.

3)

Electromagnetic Theory

Electrostatics : Gauss Las and its applications; Laplace and Poisson equations,
boundary value problems; Magnetostatics : Biot-Savart law, Amperes theorem,
electromagnetic induction; Maxwells equations in free space and linear isotropic media;
boundary conditions on fields at interfaces; Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge invariance;
Electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectrics, and conductors; Reflection and refraction,
polarization, Fresnels Law, interference, coherence, and diffraction; Lorentz invariance of
Maxwells equations.

4)

Quantum Mechanics

Wave-particle duality; Wave functions in coordinate and momentum representations;


Commutators and Heisenbergs uncertainty principle; Matrix representation; Diracs bra and
ket notation; Schroedinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent); Eigenvalue
problems such as particle-in-a-box, harmonic, oscillator, etc/; Tunneling through a barrier;
Motion in a central potential; Orbital angular momentum, Angular momentum algebra; spin;
Addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom, Time- independent perturbation theory and
applications; Variational method; WKB approximation. Time dependent perturbation theory
and Fermis Golden Rule; Selection rules; Identical particles, Paulis exclusion principle, spin
statistics connection.

5)

Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics

Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences; Thermodynamic potentials,


Maxwell relations; Chemical potential, phase equilibria; Phase space, micro- and
macrostates; Microcanonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition
functions; Free Energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities; First-aid second-order
phase transitions; Classical and quantum statistics, ideal Fermi and Bose gases; Principle of
detailed balance; Blackbody radiation and Plancks distribution law; Bose-Einstein
condensation.
4

6)

Electronics

Semiconductor device physics, including diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect


devices, homo and heterojunction devices, device structure, device characteristics, frequency
dependence and applications; Optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, 210
photodetectors and LEDs; High-frequency devices, including generators, and detectors;
Operational amplifiers and their applications; Digital techniques and applications (registers,
counters, comparators and similar circuits); A/D and D/A converters.

7)

Experimental Techniques and data analysis

Data interpretation and analysis; Precision and accuracy, error analysis, propagation
of errors, least squares fitting, linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test; Transducers
(temperature, pressure/vacuum, magnetic field, vibration, optical, and particle detectors),
measurement and control; Signal conditioning and recovery, impedance matching,
amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction,
shielding and grounding; Fourier transforms.

8)

Atomic & Molecular Physics

Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment;


Spectrum of Hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms; Relativistic corrections for energy levels of
hydrogen; Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS &JJ coupling;
Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark effect; X-ray spectroscopy; Electron spin resonance, Nuclear
magnetic resonance, chemical shift; Rotational, vibrational, electronic, and Raman spectra
and diatomic molecules; Frank Condon principle and selection rules; Spontaneous and
stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients; Laser, optical pumping, population
inversion, rate equation.

9)

Condensed Matter Physics

Bravais lattices, Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor; Bonding of
solids, Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat; Free electron theory and electronic
specific heat; Response and relaxation phenomena; Drude model of electrical and thermal
conductivity; Hall effect and thermoelectric power; Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and
ferromagnetism; Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of metals, insulators and
semiconductors; Superconductivity, type I and type II superconductors, Josephson
junctions.

10)

Nuclear and Particle Physics

Basic nuclear properties; size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity; Binding
energy, semi-empirical mass formula; Liquid drop model; Fission and fusion; Nature of the
nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential; Charge-independence and chargesymmetry of nuclear forces; Isospin; Deuteron problem; Evidence of shell structure, singleparticle shell model, its validity and limitations; Rotational spectra; Elementary ideas of
alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules; Nuclear reactions, reaction
mechanisms, compound nuclei and direct reactions; Classification of fundamental forces;
Elementary particles (quarks, baryons, mesons, leptons); Spin and parity assignments,
isospin, strangeness, basics of LHC.
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Electronics (Faculty of Science)


UnitI :
Electronic Transport in semiconductor, PN Junction, Diode equation and diode equivalent
circuit. Breakdown in diodes. Zener diodes, Tunnel diode, Semiconductor diodes,
characteristics and equivalent circuits of BJT, JFET, MOSFET, IC fabrication-crystal growth,
epitaxy, oxidation, lithography, doping, etching, isolation methods, metallization, bonding.
Thin film active and passive devices.
UnitII :
Superposition, Thevenin, Norton and maximum Power Transfer Theorems. Network
elements, Network graphs, Nodal and Mesh analysis, Zero and Poles, Bode Plots, Laplace,
Fourier and Z-transforms. Time and frequency domain responses. Image impedance and
passive filters. Two-port Network Parameters. Transfer functions, Signal representation. State
variable method of circuit analysis. AC circuit analysis, Transient analysis.
UnitIII :
Rectifiers, Voltage regulated ICs and regulated power supply, Biasing of Bipolar junction
transistors and JFET. Single stage amplifiers, Multistage amplifiers. Feedback in amplifiers,
oscillators, function generators, multivibrators, Operational Amplifiers (OPAMP)characteristics and Applications, Computational Applications, Integrator, Differentiator,
Wave-shaping circuits, F to V and V to F converters. Active filters, Schmitt trigger, Phase
locked loop.
UnitIV :
Logic families, flip-flops, Gates, Boolean algebra and minimization techniques,
Multivibrators and clock circuits, Counters-Ring, Ripple, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Up
and down shift registers, multiplexers and demultiplexers, Arithmetic circuits, Memories,
A/D and D/A converters.
UnitV:
Architecture of 8085 and 8086 Microprocessors, Addressing modes, 8085 instruction set,
8085 interrupts, Programming, Memory and I/O interfacing, Interfacing 8155, 8255, 8279,
8253, 8257, 8259, 8251 with 8085 Microprocessors, Serial communication protocols,
Introduction of Microcontrollers (8 bit)-8031/8051 and 8048.
UnitVI :
MOS capacitor characteristics, MOS devices capacitances, Enhancement and depletion mode
transistor action, Threshold voltage, body effect, MOS switches, nMOS inverter, CMOS
inverter, Latch up in CMOS circuit, stick diagrams layout, floor planning based design rules.
Structural design strategies, Silicon compilers, Logic level simulation, switch level
simulation, schematic editor, layout editor, DRC Adhoc testing, structured design for
testability. Coarse grid symbolic layout, gate matrix layout, stick layout, chip design process,
cell design process, compaction,ground rules for successful design.
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UnitVII :
Basic principles of amplitude, frequency and phase modulation, Demodulation, Intermediate
frequency and principle of superheterodyne receiver, Spectral analysis and signal
transmission through linear systems, Random signals and noise, Noise temperature and noise
figure. Basic concepts of information theory, Digital modulation and Demodulation PM,
PCM, ASK, FSK, PSK, Time-division Multiplexing, Frequency-Division Multiplexing, Data
Communications-Circuits, Codes and Modems; Basic concepts of signal processing and
digital filters.
UnitVIII :
Characteristics of solid state power devices-SCR, Triac, UJT, Triggering circuits, converters,
choppers,inverters, converters. AC regulators, speed control of a.c. and d.c. motors. Stepper
and synchronous motors; Three phase controlled rectifier; Switch mode power supply;
Uninterrupted power supply.
UnitIX :
Optical sources-LED, Spontaneous emission, Stimulated emission, Semiconductor Diode
LASER, Photodetectors-p-n photodiode, PIN photodiode, Phototransistors, Optocouplers,
Solar cells, Display devices. Optical Fibres-Light propagation in fibre, Types of fibre,
Characteristic parameters, Modes, Fibre splicing, Fibre optic communication systemcoupling to and from the fibre, Modulation, Multiplexing and coding, Repeaters, Bandwidth
and Rise time budgets.
UnitX :
Transducers-Resistance, Inductance Capacitance, Peizoelectric, Thermoelectric, Hall effect,
Photoelectric, Techogenerators, Measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force,
torque, strain, speed and sound temperature, pressure, flow, humidity, thickness, pH, position.
Measuring Equipment-Measurement of R, L and C, Bridge and Potentiometers voltage,
current, power, energy, frequency/time, phase, DVMs, DMMs, CRO, Digital storage
oscilloscope, Logic probes, Logic State Analyser, Spectrum Analyzer, Recorder, Noise and
Interference in instrumentation, instrumentation amplifiers, Radio Telemetry, Analytical
Instruments-Biomedical
instruments-ECG,
blood
pressure
measurements,
spectrophotometers, Electron Microscope, X-ray diffractometer.
DSP: Basic DSP operations: Convolution, Correlation, Digital filters, discrete transformation
and modulation.
UnitXI :
Open-loop and close-loop control system, Error amplifier, on-off controller, Proportional (P),
Proportional-Integral (PI). Proportional-Derivative (PD), PID controllers, Dynamic
Behaviour of control systems-servomechanism, characteristics parameters of control systemsAccuracy, Sensitivity, Disturbances, Transient response, Stability, Routh-Huewitz criterion,
Bode plots, Nyquist criterion, Controlling speed, Temperature and position using
analog/digital control circuits.
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7

Biochemistry
1.

Structure of pro and eukaryotic cells, Membrane structure and function, Intracellular
compartments, protein sorting, secretory and endocytic pathways, membrane
channels and pumps, ligand and voltage gated channels, Na/K pump.

2.

Biochemistry of specialised tissues, biochemical basis of blood clotting, vision,


muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission and hormone action.

3.

Principles of toxicology general classification and nature, definition and purpose of


toxicology, dose response relationship, synergism, antagonism, ED 50, LD 50, chronic
exposure.

4.

Microbial fermentation, Antibotics, organic acids and vitamins, Microbes in


decomposition and recycling processes, Symbiotic and asymbiotic N2 - fixation,
Microbiology of water, air, soil and sewage, Microbes as pathological agents in
plants, animals and man.

5.

Antigen : Structure and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins, Primary


and secondary immune response, Lymphocytes and accessory cells, Humoral and cell
mediated immunity, MHC, Mechanism of immune response and generation of
immunological diversity. Application of immunological techniques.

6.

Enzyme kinetics (negative and positive cooperativity), Regulation of enzymatic


activity, Active sites, Coenzymes, Activators and inhibitors, isoenzymes, allosteric
enzymes, ribozyme, abzyme .

7.

Van der Waals electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions,


Primary structure of proteins and nucleic acids, Conformation of proteins and
polypeptides (secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure), Ramachandran plot.

8.

Glycolysis and TCA cycle, Glycogen breakdown and synthesis, Gluconeogenesis,


interconversion of hexoses and pentoses, Amino acid metabolism, Coordinated
control of metabolism.

9.

Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, Oxidation of lipids, Biosynthesis of fatty


acids, Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Sterols.

10.

Energy metabolism (concept of free energy), Thermodynamic principles in biology,


Energy rich bonds, Weak interactions, Coupled reactions and oxidative
phosphorylations, Group tranfers, Biological energy tranducers, Bioenergetics.

11.

The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox, Numerical and structural changes in
chromosomes, Molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutation and their role in
evolution.

12.

DNA replication, amplification and rearrangements. Organization of transcriptional


units - Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, RNA processing
(capping, polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons), Ribonucleoproteins, Structure
of mRNA, Genetic code and protein synthesis, DNA damage and repair, Regulation
of gene expression in pro-and eukaryotes, Attenuation and antitermination, Operon
concept, DNA methylation, Transposition, Regulatory sequences and transcription
factors.
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13.

Lysogeny and lytic cycle in bacteriophages, Bacterial transformation, Host cell


restriction, Trasduction, Complementation, Molecular recombination, DNA ligases,
Topoisomerases, gyrases, Methylases, Nucleases, Restriction endonucleases,
Plasmids and bacteriophage based vectors, cloning, cDNA and genomic libraries, S1
Nuclease mapping, restriction mapping.

14.

Cell and tissue culture in plants and animals, Primary culture, Cell line, Cell clones,
Callus cultures, Somaclonal variation, Micropropogation, Somatic embryogenesis,
Haploidy, Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization, Cybrids, Gene transfer
methods in plants and in animals, Transgenic biology, Artificial seeds, Hybridoma
technology.

15.

General aspects and sources of natural products, introduction to primary and


secondary metabolites, types of secondary metabolites, general properties,
physiological role and importance of alkaloids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and
tannins.

16.

Principles and application of light, phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and


transmission electron microscopy, Cytophotometry and flow cytometry.

17.

Principles and applications of gel-filtration, ion-exchange and affinity


chromatography, Thin layer and gas chromatography, High pressure liquid
chromatography (HPLC), Electrophoresis and electrofocussing, Ultracentrifugation
(velocity and buoyant density).

18.

Principles and techniques of nucleic acid hybridization, Sequencing of proteins and


nucleic acids, Southern, Northern and South-Western blotting techniques, Polymerase
chain reaction.

19.

Principles of biophysical methods used for analysis of biopolymer structure, X-ray


diffraction, fluorescence, UV, ORD/CD Visible, IR and NMR spectroscopy, Atomic
absorption spectroscopy.

20.

Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology, Radiation dosimetry,


Radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes, Effect of radiation on biological system,
Autoradiography, Liquid scintillation spectroscopy.

21.

Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research, samples and


populations, Basic statistics average, statistics of dispersion, coefficient of
variation, Standard error, Confidence limits, Probability distributions (binomial,
poisson and normal), Tests of statistical significance, Simple correlation of regression,
Analysis of variance.

22.

IPR - Patents, Trade secrets, Copyrights, Trademarks and Geographical Indications,


IPR and Plant Genetic Resources (PGRs), Sui Generis system, Plant Variety
Protection and UPOV, Plant variety protection in India, Plant breeders rights,
Biodiversity and farmers rights.

*********

Biotechnology
1.

Structure, classification, genetics, reproduction and physiology of bacteria and viruses


(of bacteria, plants and animals), Mycoplasma protozoa and yeast, Virology : General
features, Capsids and their arrangements, Viriods and Prions, Lytic cycle and
lysogeny of Lambda, One step growth curve, phage typing, Life cycle of HIV and
Adeno viruses.

2.

Structure and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins, Primary and


Secondary immune response, Lymphocytes and accessory cells, Humoral and cell
mediated immunity, MHC, Mechanism of immune response and generation of
immunological diversity; Genetic control of immune response, Application of
immunological techniques.

3.

Enzyme kinetics (negative and positive cooperativity), Regulation of enzymatic


activity, Active sites, Coenzymes, Activators and inhibitors, isoenzymes, allosteric
enzymes, Ribozyme and abzyme.

4.

Van der Waals electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions,


Primary structure of proteins and nucleic acids, Conformation of proteins and
polypeptides (secondary, tertiary, and quanternary structure), Structure carbohydrates,
polysaccharides, glycoproteins and peptido-glycans.

5.

Structure and organisation of membranes, Glyconjugates and proteins in membrane


systems, ion transport/Na/KATPase/Molecular basis of signal transduction in bacteria,
plants and animals, Model membranes, Liposomes.

6.

Glycolysis and TCA cycle, Amino acid metabolism, Biosynthesis of purines and
pyrimidines, Oxidation of lipids, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, Triglycerides,
Phospholipids, Sterols, Energy metabolism (concept of free energy), Thermodynamic
principles in biology, Energy rich bonds, Weak interactions, Coupled reactions and
oxidative phosphorylations, Group tranfers, Bioenergetics.

7.

DNA replication, amplification and rearrangements. Organization of transcriptional


units, Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, RNA processing
(capping, polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons), Ribonucleoproteins, Structure
of mRNA, Genetic code and protein synthesis, DNA damage and repair.

8.

Regulation of gene expression in pro-and eukaryotes, Attenuation and


antitermination, Operon concept, DNA methylation, Transposition, Regulatory
sequences and transcription factors.

9.

Genetic engineering concepts, Restriction endonucleases: types and mode of action,


Nucleases: exo- and endo-nucleases (DNAses, RNAses), DNA-ligases, Alkaline
phosphatases and DNA modifying enzymes, DNA and RNA marker, Host cells:
prokaryotic hosts and eukaryotic hosts.

10.

Cloning and expression vectors: Choice of vectors, Plasmids, Cosmids, Artificial


chromosomes, Shuttle vectors and Phagemids, Ti and Ri plasmids: General features,
basis of tumor formation, mechanism of DNA transfer, role of virulence genes, use of
reporter genes, Vectors in human gene therapy (viral and non viral vectors),
Identification of Recombinant DNA (Direct and indirect methods).

10

11.

Techniques in Genetic Engineering: Restriction mapping of DNA fragments and map


construction, Blotting techniques - Southern, Northern, Dot and Western Blotting,
DNA sequencing - Maxam and Gilbert technique, Sangers dideooxynucleotide
method, automated DNA sequencing, Polymerase chain reaction - Principle, Types
and applications, Chemical synthesis of DNA.

12.

Cell and tissue culture in plants and animals, Primary culture, Cell line, Cell clones,
Callus cultures, Somaclonal variation, Micropropogation, Somatic embryogenesis,
Haploidy, Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization, Cybrids, Gene transfer
methods in plants and in animals, Transgenic biology, Artificial seeds, Hybridoma
technology.

13.

Microbial fermentations: Production, recovery and applications of Ethanol, Glycerol,


Citric acid, L-Glutamic acid, L-Tryptophan, Vitamin-B12 and Riboflavin, Penicillin,
Streptomycin, Tetracyclines.

14.

Microbial biotransformation - Basic concept involved, Types of bioconversion


reactions (Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolytic reactions, Condensations),
Transformation of steroids and sterols, Transformation of nonsteroid compounds - LAscorbic acid, Prostaglandins, Antibiotics.

15.

Biodiversity and its Conservation : Alpha () and Beta () biodiversity, Extinction,


endangered species, Reasons of concern for loss of biodiversity, Steps to preserve
biodiversity, In situ and ex situ conservation and gene banks, Conventions on
biological diversity.

16.

Environment and Energy: Fossil fuels - Non renewable sources of energy, Renewable
sources of energy Biomass (Sources and utilization of biomass, Production of
biogas from biomass), Hydrogen (as a new biofuel, production of biohydrogen),
Energy rich crops, Biodiesel, Advantages of biofuels.

17.

Principles and applications of gel-filtration, ion-exchange and affinity


chromatography, Thin layer and gas chromatography, High pressure liquid
chromatography (HPLC), Electrophoresis and electrofocussing, Differential
centrifugation, Density gradient centrifugation, Ultracentrifugation.

18.

Principles and application of light, phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and


transmission electron microscopy. Principles of biophysical methods used for
analysis of biopolymer structure, UV, Visible, IR and NMR spectroscopy, Atomic
absorption spectroscopy.

19.

Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology, Radiation dosimetry,


Radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes, Effect of radiation on biological system,
Autoradiography; Liquid scintillation spectroscopy.

20.

Drug Development Process: Concept of LD50 and ED50 and their significance,
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Reproductive toxicity and Teratogenicity,
Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity and other tests, Clinical trial design: Trial size and
study population.

21.

Bioinformatics: Overview of various primary and secondary databases of protein and


nucleic acid sequences, Use of sequences to determine phylogenetic relationship,
Methods for searching sequence databases (FASTA and BLAST algorithms),
Statistical analysis and evaluation of BLAST results.
11

22.

Intellectual Property Rights : Patents, Trade secrets, Copyrights, Trademarks and


Geographical Indications, IPR and Plant Genetic Resources (PGRs), Sui Generis
system, Plant Variety Protection and UPOV, Plant variety protection in India, Plant
breeders rights, Biodiversity and farmers rights.

23.

Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research, samples and


populations; Basic statisticsaverage, statistics of dispersion, coefficient of variation,
Standard error, Confidence limits, Probability distributions (binomial, poisson and
normal); Tests of statistical significance, Simple correlation of regression, Analysis of
variance.
*********

12

Botany
1. Principles of taxonomy as applied to the systematics and classification of Plant Kingdom,
Taxonomic structure, Biosystematics, Plant geography, Floristics.
2. Patterns of variation in morphology and life history in plants, broad outlines of
classification and evolutionary trend among algae, fungi, bryophytes and pteridophytes,
Principles of palaeobotany, Economic importance of algae, fungi and lichens.
3. Comparative anatomy and developmental morphology of gymnosperms and angiosperms,
Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of development, Differentiation and
morphogenesis.
4. Androegenesis and gynoegenesis, Breeding systems, Pollination biology, structural and
functional aspects of pollen and pistil, Male sterility, Self and inter-specific
incompatibility, Fertilization, Embryo and seed development.
5. Plants and civilization : Centres of origin, utilization, cultivation and improvement of
plants of food, drug, fibre and industrial values, Unexploited plants of potential economic
value, Plants as a source of renewable energy, Genetic resources and their conservation.
6. Water Relations, Mineral nutrition, Photosynthesis and photorespiration, Nitrogen,
Phosphorous and Sulphur metabolism, Stomatal physiology, Source and sink relationship.
7. Physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination, Hormonal regulation of
growth and development, Photo- regulation, Growth responses, Physiology of flowering,
Senescence.
8. Principles of plant breeding: Important conventional methods of breeding self and cross
pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops, Non-conventional methods, Polyploidy,
Genetic variability, Plant diseases and defensive mechanism.
9. Structure of pro- and eukaryotic cells, Membrane structure and function, Intracellular
compartments, Cytoskeleton, Ultrastructure of nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts,
cell cycle, Structural organisation of pro- and eukaryotic chromosome, polytene and
lampbrush chromosomes.
10. Interactions between environment and biota, Concept of habitat and ecological niches,
Limiting factors, Energy flow, food chain, food web and trophic levels, Ecological
pyramids, Biotic community concept, structure, dominance, fluctuation and succession,
N.P.C. and S Cycles in nature.
11. Ecosystem dynamics and management: Stability and complexity of ecosystems,
Speciation and extinction, Principles of conservation, Conservation strategies, Sustainable
development.
12. Physico-chemical properties of water, Kinds of aquatic habitats (fresh water and marine),
Distribution and impact of environmental factors on the aquatic biota, Productivity.
13. Structure, classification, genetics, reproduction and physiology of bacteria and viruses
(viruses of bacteria and plants), Mycoplasma and yeast (a general account).
14. Van der Waals electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, Primary
structure of proteins and nucleic acids, Conformation of proteins and polypeptides
(secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structure), Ramachandran plot, Structure
carbohydrates, polysaccharides, glycoproteins and peptido-glycans.

13

15. Glycolysis and TCA cycle, Glycogen breakdown and synthesis, Amino acid metabolism,
Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, Oxidation of lipids, Biosynthesis of fatty acids,
Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Sterols. Coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations.
16. Principles of Mendelian inheritance, structural organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
chromosome, Linkage and crossing over, Gene Structure and regulation of gene
expression, Fine structure of gene, coding and non-coding sequences, satellite DNA,
DNA replication, DNA damage and repair.
17. Mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, RNA processing (capping,
polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons), Ribonucleoproteins, Structure of mRNA,
Genetic code and protein synthesis. Regulation of gene expression in pro-and eukaryotes,
Attenuation and antitermination, Operon concept, DNA methylation, Transposition,
Regulatory sequences and transcription factors.
18. The law of DNA constancy, Numerical and structural changes in chromosomes,
Molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutation and their role in evolution.
19. Principles and methods of genetic engineering and Gene targeting, Application in
agriculture, health and industry.
20. Cell and tissue culture in plants, Callus cultures, Somaclonal variation, Micropropogation,
Somatic embryogenesis, Haploidy, Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization, Cybrids,
Gene transfer methods in plants, Transgenic biology, Artificial seeds.
21. Principles and application of light, phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and
transmission electron microscopy. Principles and applications of gel-filtration, ionexchange and affinity chromatography, Thin layer and gas chromatography, High
pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), Electrophoresis and Ultracentrifugation
(velocity and buoyant density).
22. Principles and techniques of nucleic acid hybridization, Sequencing of proteins and
nucleic acids, Southern, Northern and South-Western blotting techniques, Polymerase
chain reaction.
23. Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology, Radioactive isotopes and half
life of isotopes, Effect of radiation on biological system, Autoradiography.
*********

14

Microbiology
1.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular organization: Structure of bacterial


(proteobacteria and archaebacteria), fungal and algal cells, classification, reproduction,
Cell wall, intracellular and extracellular components, biochemical shuttles across
mitochondrial membrane, structure and function of cytoskeleton, its role in motility,
protein trafficking, cell membrane structure, model, lipid bilayer, membrane
composition, hydropathy plots, intracellular compartments, cellular transport, ion
channels and pumps, P and F type ATPases, group transfer and translocation, economic
importance.

2.

Virus: Structure of plant, animal, bacterial viruses, classification, strategies for


cultivation and assays, identification, and virus-host interactions, viroids, satellite
viruses and satellite RNAs, prions and viral diseases, process of infection (DNA and
RNA viruses).

3.

Bacterial taxonomy: Nomenclature, structural and biochemical systematic, numerical


taxonomy, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomy, Bergeys Manual (8, 9th edn., vol. I- IV),
microbial biodiversity.

4.

Microbial physiology: Cell division, Growth pattern, diauxic growth, synchronous and
continuous culture, growth kinetics, stress response, Nutrition, physiology of motility
and bioluminescence, Bacterial chemotaxis, Quorum sensing, physiology of
methanogens and extremophiles, physical and chemical methods of microbial growth.

5.

Molecules and basic biochemistry: Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds,
Composition, structure and function of biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
nucleic acids and vitamins), Stablizing interactions (Van der Waals, electrostatic,
hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc.), Principles of biophysical chemistry
(pH, buffer, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, colligative properties), Conformation of
proteins and its Reverse turns, Ramachandran plot, domains, motifs and folds,
Structural polymorphism of DNA, DNA topology, RNA and two-dimensional structure
of tRNA, micro-RNA, Structure polysaccharides, glycoproteins and peptido-glycans,
Helix-coil transition, Energy terms in biopolymer conformational calculation.

6.

Microbial enzymes: Enzyme kinetics (negative and positive cooperativity),


purification, Immobilized enzymes, Enzyme applications, Principles of catalysis,
Mechanism of enzyme catalysis, Regulation of enzymatic activity, Active sites,
Coenzymes, Activators and inhibitors, isoenzymes, allosteric enzymes, Hills plot,
Ribozyme and abzyme, Non-aqeuous enzymology.

7.

Microbial metabolism: Glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle,


Glycogen breakdown, synthesis and regulation, Gluconeogenesis, interconversion of
hexoses and pentoses, peripheral metabolism, Amino acid metabolism, Co-ordinated
control of metabolism, Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, Oxidation of lipids,
Biosynthesis of fatty acids, Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Sterols.

8.

Energy metabolism: Concept of free energy, Thermodynamic aspect, Energy rich


bonds, Weak interactions, Coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations, inhibitors
and uncouplers of ETC, ATP structure and cycles, Mitochondrial and bacterial ETC,
Reverse ETC, Nitrogen metabolism, Autotrophic metabolism, Carbon dioxide fixation
pathways, Bacterial photosynthesis and photo-phosphorylation, Anaerobic respiration
and methanogenesis.
15

9.

Microbial genetics: DNA replication, Mutation, Mutation rate, Site directed


mutagenesis, Repair, Gene transfer in bacteria (transformation, transduction,
conjugation, transfection nad sex duction) and fungi (parasexual cycle), Molecular
recombination mechanism, Genetic map, Restriction modification systems, plasmid and
bacteriophage genetics, Lysogeny and lytic cycle in bacteriophages, transposons,
structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes (ploidy, deletion, inversion,
translocation).

10.

Molecular biology: Fine structure of gene, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome


organisation (structure of chromatin, coding and non-coding sequences, satellite DNA),
DNA damage and repair, DNA replication, amplification and rearrangements.

11.

Organization of transcriptional units: Mechanism of transcription of prokaryotes and


eukaryotes, transcription activators and repressors, RNA polymerases, RNA processing
(capping, polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons), RNA editing, RNA transport,
Ribonucleo-proteins, mRNA. Protein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of
initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation
factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl
tRNA synthetase, translational proof-reading, translational inhibitors, post- translational
modification of proteins, protein targeting and degradation.

12.

Regulation of gene expression: Pro-and eukaryotes, Attenuation and anti-termination,


Operon concept, DNA methylation, Heterochromatization, Transposition, Regulatory
sequences and transcription factors, Role of chromatin in regulating gene expression
and gene silencing, Environmental regulation of gene expression.

13.

Genetic engineering: Principles and methods of genetic engineering and Gene


targeting, Molecular tools, Plasmids and bacteriophage based vectors for cDNA and
genomic libraries, cloning strategies in prokaryotic and eukaryotic, rDNA screening,
analysis and confirmation, metabolic engineering and metabolomics, applications in
agriculture, health and industry.

14.

Bioinformatics: Data mining, Sequence analysis tools, Concept of microbial genomics,


High throughput cloning of ORFs, DNA microarray, metagenomics, protein genomics,
sequencing, folding and experimental approach to protein-protein interactions.

15.

Microbial fermentation: Design aspects, construction, kinetics and applications of


bioreactors, Aeration, agitation, fermentation broth rheology, various process variables,
Medium engineering, Production of therapeutic antibotics, clinical dextran, organic
acids, nucleotides, biopolymers, biomass (SCP, mushrooms), vitamins, biogas,
bioethanol, biosurfactants, -carotene, SK, SD, amylase and protease, and, vaccines.
Drug design and microbial quality control, validation aspects in pharmaceutical
products.

16.

Applied environmental aspects: Microbes in food production, prevention of food


spoilage and food borne illness, Role decomposition and recycling processes,
Microbiology of water, air, soil and sewage, Microbes as pathological agents in animals
and man, Waste water treatment, Bioremediation, Phytoremediation, Biofertilizer and
Bioinsecticides.

16

17.

Microbial ecology: Basic concept of habitat and Ecological niche, Interactions between
environment and biota, Limiting factors, Energy flow, food chain, food web and trophic
levels, Ecological pyramids and recycling, Biotic community-concept, structure,
dominance, fluctuation and succession, Microbial communities and methods to
quantitate microbial communities, Microbial interactions with plant roots (Rhizosphere
and miycorhizhae) and aerial structure (phyllosphere), Pathogenic interactions with
plants, Agrobacterium genetics.

18.

Innate and adaptive immune system: Cells and molecules involved in innate and
adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity, Lymphocytes and
accessory cells, B and T cell epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules,
Antibody generation and antibody diversity, monoclonal antibodies, antibody
engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC molecules, antigen processing and
presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T cells, B and T cell receptors,
humoral and cell- mediated immune responses, Genetic control of immune response,
Primary and secondary immune modulation, the complement system, Toll-like
receptors, cell-mediated effector functions, inflammation, hypersensitivity and
autoimmunity, immune response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria),
viral (HIV) infections and cancer, Congenital and acquired immune-deficiencies and
vaccines, Detection of antibody molecules using ELISA, RIA, western blot,
immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry and immune-fluorescence microscopy, detection
of molecules in living cells, in situ localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH.

19.

Microscopic techniques: Visulization of cells and subcellular components by light


microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, staining techniques,
microscopy of living cells, Principles of light and electron (scanning and transmission)
microscopes, different fixation and staining techniques for EM, freeze-etch and freezefracture methods for EM, image processing methods in microscopy.

20.

Seperation techniques: Principles and applications of gel-filtration, ion-exchange and


affinity chromatography, Thin layer and gas chromatography, High pressure liquid
chromatography (HPLC), Electrophoresis and electrofocussing, Ultracentrifugation
(velocity and buoyant density).

21.

Molecular biology techniques: Principles and techniques of nucleic acid hybridization


and Cot curves, Sequencing of proteins and nucleic acids, Southern, Northern and
South-Western blotting techniques, Polymerase chain reaction, Methods for measuring
nucleic acid and protein interactions.

22.

Biophysical methods: Principles of biophysical methods used for analysis of


biopolymer structure, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, UV, ORD/CD Visible, NMR and
ESR spectroscopy, Hydrodynamic methods, Atomic absorption and plasma emission
spectroscopy.

23.

Biostatistics: Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research,


samples and populations; Basic statistics: average, statistics of dispersion, coefficient of
variation, Standard error, Confidence limits, Probability distributions (biomial, poisson
and normal); Tests of statistical significance, Simple correlation of regression, Analysis
of variance.

********
17

Zoology
1.

Biodiversity and Taxonomy : Species concept, Biological nomenclature theories of


biological classification, Structural biochemical and molecular systematics, DNA
finger printing, numerical taxonomy, Biodiveristy, characterization, generation,
maintenance and loss, Magnitude and distribution of biodiversity, economic value,
wildlife biology, conservation strategies.

2.

Animal behaviour: Feeding, learning, social and sexual behaviour of animals,


Parental care, Circadian rhythms, Mimicry, Migration of fishes and birds,
Sociobiology.

3.

Parasitology: Important human and veterinary parasites (protozoans and helminths),


Life cycle and biology of Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Ascaris, Wuchereria,
Fasciola,Schistosoma and Leishmania, Molecular, cellular and physiological basis of
host-parasite interactions.

4.

Entomology: Arthropods and vectors of human diseases (mosquitoes, lice, flies, and
ticks), Mode of transmission of pathogens by vectors, Chemical biological and
environmental control of arthropod vectors, Biology and control of important insect
pests of agricultural importance, Plant host-insect interaction, insect-pest
management, useful insects, Silkworm.

5.

Fisheries: Fish and Fisheries in India with respect to the management of fresh water,
estuarine, coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs, Fish food value,
preservation, and marketing.

6.

Evolutionary biology : Origin of life (including aspects of prebiotic environment and


molecular evolution), Concepts of evolution, Theories of organic evolution,
Mechanisms of speciation, Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium, genetic
polymorphism and selection, Origin and evolution of economically important
microbes, plants and animals.

7.

Environmental biology : Concept and dynamics of ecosystem, components, food


chain and energy flow, productivity and biogeochemical cycles, Types of ecosystems,
Population ecology and biological control, Community structure and organisation,
Environmental pollution, Sustainable development, Economic importance of
microbes, plants and animals.

8.

Physiology: Thermoregulation, digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion,


Physiology of reproduction, Nervous system, CNS, Neuro-endocrinology, Types of
endocrine glands, classification of hormones, mechanism of their action, Stress and
adaptation.

9.

Cell Biology: Structure and function of cells and intracellular organelles (of both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes), Mechanism of cell division (mitosis and meiosis) and
cell differentiation; Cell-cell interaction, Malignant growth, Immune cells, Structure
of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, Membrane structure and function, Intracellular
compartments, protein sorting, secretory and endocytic pathways, Cytoskeleton,
Nucleus, Mitochondria and chloroplasts and their genetic organisation, cell cycle,
Structure and organisation of chromatin, polytene and lamphrush chromosomes,
Biochemistry and molecular biology of cancer, Oncogenes, Chemical carcinogenesis.
18

10.

Biochemistry : Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds, Principles of


physical chemistry, Thermodynamics, kinetics, dissociation and association constants,
Van der Waals electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions,
Structure, function and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, Enzymes
and coenzyme, Respiration and photosynthesis, Enzyme kinetics (negative and
positive cooperativity), Regulation of enzymatic activity, Active sites, Coenzymes,
Activators and inhibitors, Isoenzymes, Allosteric enzymes, Ribozyme and Abzyme.

11.

Metabolism: Glycolysis and TCA cycle, Glycogen breakdown and synthesis,


Gluconeogenesis, interconversion of hexoses and pentoses, Amino acid metabolism,
Coordinated control of metabolism, Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines,
Oxidation of lipids, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, Triglycerides, Phospholipids,
Sterols.Energy metabolism (concept of free energy), Thermodynamic principles in
biology, Energy rich bonds, Weak interactions, Coupled reactions and oxidative
phosphorylations, Group transfers, Bioenergetics.

12.

Genetics : Principles of Mendelian inheritance, chromosome structure and function,


Linkage and genetic mapping, Extrachromosomal inheritance (episomes,
mitochondria and chloroplasts), chromosome aberrations, Transposons, Sex-linked
inheritance and genetic disorders, Somatic cell genetics, Genetic and metabolic
disorders, Hormonal imbalances, Drug metabolism and detoxification, Genetic load
and genetic counselling.

13.

Molecular Biology: The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox, Numerical
changes in chromosomes, Prokaryotic genome organization, Eukaryotic genome
organisation (structure of chromatin, coding and non-coding sequences, satellite
DNA), Fine structure of gene, DNA replication, amplification and rearrangements,
DNA damage and repair.

14.

Organization of transcriptional units: Mechanism of transcription of prokaryotes


and eukaryotes, RNA processing , Ribonucleoproteins, Structure of mRNA, Genetic
code and protein synthesis. Regulation of gene expression in pro-and eukaryotes,
Attenuation and antitermination, Operon concept, DNA methylation, Transposition,
Regulatory sequences and transcription factors, Genomics, Proteomics.

15.

Recombinant DNA technology: Principles and methods of genetic engineering and


Gene targeting, DNA ligases, Topoisomerases, Gyrases, Methylases, Nucleases,
Restriction endonucleases, Plasmids and bacteriophage based vectors, cDNA and
genomic libraries. Applications of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture,
health, pharmaceutical and other industry. Cell and tissue culture in plants and
animals, Primary culture, Cell line, Cell clones, Callus cultures, Transgenic biology.

16.

Developmental Biology: Gametogenesis in animals , Molecular events during


fertilization,Cleavage patterns and fatemaps, Concepts of determination, competence
and induction,totipotency and nuclear transfer experiments, Cell differentiation and
differential gene activity. Morphogenetic determinants in egg cytoplasm, Role of
maternal contributions in early embryonic development, Genetic regulation of early
embryonic development in Drosophila.

17.

Immunology: Antigens, Structure and functions of different classes of


immunoglobulins, Primary and secondary immune response, Lymphocytes and
accessory cells, Humoral and cell mediated immunity, MHC, Mechanism of immune
response and generation of immunological diversity; Genetic control of immune
response, Application of immunological techniques.
19

18.

Microscopy: Principles and applications of light, phase contrast, fluorescence,


scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Cytophotometry and flow cytometry,
Principles of histology and histochemistry.

19.

Separation techniques: Principles and applications of gel-filtration, ion-exchange


and affinity chromatography, Thin layer and gas chromatography, High pressure
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC),
Electrophoresis
and
electrofocusing,
Ultracentrifugation (velocity and buoyant density).

20.

Techniques in Molecular Biology: Principles and techniques of nucleic acid


hybridization and Cot curves, Sequencing of proteins and nucleic acids, Southern,
Northern and South-Western blotting, Polymerase chain reaction, Methods for
measuring nucleic acid and protein interactions.

21.

Characterization of biomolecules: Principles of biophysical methods used for


analysis of biopolymer structure, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, UV, ORD/CD
Visible, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, Atomic absorption spectroscopy.

22.

Radiobiochemistry: Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology,


Radiation dosimetry, Radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes, Effect of radiation
on biological system, Autoradiography, Cerenkov radiation, Liquid scintillation
spectroscopy.

23.

Animal tissue culture: Principles, significance, scope of animal tissue culture,


establishment of cell lines, organ culture methods, behaviour of organ explants,
transplants and cell hybridization.

24.

Biostatistics: Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research,


samples and populations; average, statistics of dispersion, coefficient of variation,
Standard error, Confidence limits, Probability distributions (binomial, Poisson and
normal);Tests of statistical significance, Simple correlation of regression, Analysis of
variance.

*********

20

Mathematics
UNIT 1 :
Analysis: Elementary set theory, finite, countable and uncountable sets, Real number system
as a complete ordered field, Archimedean property, supremum, infimum. Sequences and
series, convergence, limsup, liminf. Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Heine Boreltheorem.
Continuity, uniform continuity, differentiability, mean value theorem.Sequences and series of
functions, uniform convergence. Riemann sums and Riemann integral, Improper Integrals.
Monotonic functions, Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue integral.Functions of several variables,
directional derivative, partial derivative, derivative as a linear transformation. Metric spaces,
compactness, connectedness. Normed Linear Spaces. Spaces of Continuous functions as
examples.
Complex Analysis: Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, Power
series,transcendental functions such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations. Contour integral, Cauchys theorem,
Cauchys integral formula, Liouvilles theorem, Maximum modulus principle, Schwarz
lemma, Open mapping theorem.
UNIT 2 :
Linear Algebra: Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of
linear transformations. Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, linear
equations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Matrix representation of
linear transformations. Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms,
Jordan forms. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis.
Number Theory: Permutations, combinations, pigeon-hole principle, inclusion-exclusion
principle, derangements. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences,
Chinese Remainder Theorem, Eulers - function, primitive roots.
Algebra: Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic
groups, permutation groups, Cayleys theorem, class equations, Sylow theorems. Rings,
ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain, principal ideal
domain, Euclidean domain. Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria. Fields, finite fields.
UNIT 3 :
Differential Equations: Existence and Uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for
first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of
first order ODEs. General theory of homogenous and non-homogeneous linear ODEs,
variation of parameters, Series solution. First and second order partial differential equations.
Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order
PDEs. Classification of second order PDEs, General solution of higher order PDEs with
constant coefficients, Method of separation of variables for Laplace, Heat and Wave
equations.
Numerical Analysis: Numerical solutions of algebraic equations, Method of iteration and
Newton-Raphson method, Rate of convergence, Solution of systems of linear algebraic
equations using Gauss elimination and Gauss-Seidel methods, Finite differences, Lagrange
interpolation, Numerical differentiation and integration, Numerical solutions of ODEs using
Picard, Euler and Runge-Kutta methods.
*******
21

Statistics
1.

Mathematical Methods :
Countability, supremum and infimum of sets of real numbers. Limit point of a set
open sets, closed sets etc. (developed through general metric space and Rn being
considered as a special case), compactness. Continuous functions, uniform continuity,
absolute continuity. Sequences and series of real numbers, limit superior, limit
inferior and limit of a sequence. Cauchy sequences, convergence of series, tests for
convergence of series, absolute convergence, Cauchy products.
Algebra of Matrices, Linear Systems of Equations, Eigen Values and Quadratic
Forms.

2.

Sample Surveys :
Objectives of sample survey, planning for sample survey. Basic issue related to
estimation [biased and unbiased estimator, mean square error (MSE)] and confidence
interval, Concept of sampling distribution of statistic, Sampling and non-sampling
errors.
Simple random sampling with and without replacement, Systematic sampling and
related results on estimation of population total, mean and proportion, Stratified
sampling, Formation of strata and number of strata, Allocation problems and
estimation problems.
Inclusion probabilities, Horwitz-Thompson estimator and its properties, PPSWR,
PPSWOR methods (including Lahiri's scheme) and related estimators of a finite
population mean, Midzuno sampling design, ps design, Ratio and Regression
estimators based on SRSWOR method of sampling, Their properties and MSEs,
Cluster sampling, Estimator of population mean and its properties, Two-stage
sampling with equal number of second stage units, Double sampling and its uses in
ratio and regression estimation.

3.

Probability Distributions :
M.g.f., p.g.f., c.g.f., characteristic function of random variables, Moments: raw
moments, Central moments, Factorial moments, Joint p.m.f. of discrete random
variables, Joint p.d.f. of continuous random variables, Marginal and conditional
density using joint density, Conditional expectation and variance, Independence of
random variables, Bivariate exponential distribution: joint p.d.f., Marginal p.d.f.s,
properties, Multivariate normal distribution: joint p.d.f., Marginal p.d.f., Conditional
p.d.f., Joint m.g.f., Multinomial distribution: joint p.m.f., Marginal p.m.f., Conditional
p.m.f., Joint m.g.f., Function of random variables, Joint density of functions of
random variables using Jacobian of transformation, Convolution of random variables.
Linear and multiple regression, Regression Function, Best linear regression function,
Multiple and Partial Correlation, Sampling distribution of statistics from univariate
normal random sample, Non-central Chi-square, t and F- distributions and their
properties, Distribution of linear and quadratic forms in i.i.d. Standard normal
variables (Technique based on m.g.f.), Independence of two linear forms,
Independence of two quadratic forms and independence of linear form and quadratic
form, Fisher Cochran's theorem, Distribution of rth order statistics, Joint distribution
22

of several order statistics and their functions, Distribution of function of order


statistics, Extreme values and their asymptotic distributions with applications.

4.

Probability Theory :
Algebra of sets, fields and Sigma-fields ( -fields), Minimal fields, Minimal -field,
limit of sequences of subsets, sigma-field generated by a class of subsets, Borel fields.
Probability measure on a sigma-field, probability space, continuity of a probability
measure, real and vector-valued random variables (r. v. s), distribution functions (d.
f.), discrete r. v. s, r. v. s of the continuous type, decomposition of a d. f. Expectation
of a real r. v. Linear properties of expectations. Characteristic functions and their
simple properties. Convergence of a sequence of r. v. s., convergence in distribution,
convergence in probability, almost sure convergence and convergence in quadratic
mean and their interrelations. Monotone convergence theorem and dominated
convergence theorem.
Independence of two events and n (> 2) events, sequence of independent events,
independent classes of events, independence of r. v.s, Borel zero-one law, Khintchin's
weak law of large numbers, Kolmogorov strong law of large numbers, continuity
theorem for characteristic functions, Lindeberg's CLT.

5.

Stochastic Processes :
Markov chains with stationary transition probabilities, properties of transition
functions, classification of states, Stationary distribution of a Markov chain, existence
and uniqueness, convergence to the stationary distribution. Methods based on Markov
chains for simulation of random vectors. MCMC algorithm. Gamblers ruin problem,
Transient states. Estimation of transition probabilities. Numerical Illustrations and
calculations of transition probabilities. Branching processes. Introduction to Wiener
Process and Brownian Motion. Poisson process, Birth and Death processes. Finite
state continuous time Markov chains. Simple queuing systems, Stationary solution for
using birth and death process approach. Estimation of
transition probabilities, estimation of functions of transition probabilities in Markov
chains.

6.

Multivariate Analysis :
Singular and nonsingular Multivariate normal distribution, pdf and mgf, singular and
nonsingular normal distributions, distribution of a linear form and a quadratic form of
normal variables, marginal and conditional distributions. Multiple regression and
multiple and partial correlation coefficients, Definition and relationships. MLE's of
the parameters of multivariate normal distribution and their sampling distributions
Wishart distribution, Properties of the Wishart Distribution. Tests of hypothesis about
the mean vector of a multinormal population, Hotelling's -statistic; Rao's U-statistic
and their distribution, Applications of Hotelling's -statistic.
Introduction to Principle Components, Canonical correlation coefficients, Cluster
Analysis. Classification problem, Discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis
-statistic.
MANOVA for one way and two ways classified data, Wilk's criteria.

23

7.

Statistical Inference :
Sufficiency, completeness, uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators, C-R
inequalities, exponential class of densities and its properties, some special classes of
distributions admitting complete sufficient statistics, extensions of these results to
multi-parameter situation. Test function, Neyman-Pearson lemma for test functions.
Uniformly most powerful tests for one sided alternative for one parameter exponential
class of densities and extension to the distributions having monotone likelihood ratio
property. Confidence Intervals, shortest expected length confidence intervals,
relations with testing of hypotheses, uniformly most accurate confidence intervals.
Consistency and asymptotic normality (CAN) of real and vector parameters,
Invariance of consistency under continuous transformation. Invariance of CAN
estimators under differentiable transformations, generation of CAN estimators using
central limit theorem. Non Parametric Tests.

8.

Linear Models and Design of Experiments :


Gauss-Markov set up, Least square estimation, Estimability of linear parametric
function, necessary and sufficient condition for estimability, Best Linear Unbiased
Estimator (BLUE), Gauss-Markov theorem, Variances and covariances of BLUE's.
Estimation space, Error space, their ranks, Simultaneous estimates of linear
parametric function, Estimation of error variance, Estimation with correlated
observations, Least square estimates with restriction on parameters, Method of
generalized least squares, Distribution of error sum of squares and Regression sum of
squares, distribution of BLUE's, their independence (Under the normality
assumption), Distribution of conditional error sum of squares, Distribution of sum of
squares due to null hypothesis, Test of hypothesis for one or more than one estimable
linear parametric function, Test of hypothesis of equality of all estimable functions to
zero, Testing of sub hypothesis for full rank model, Power of F-test, Simultaneous
confidence interval for n linearly independent estimable parametric functions, One
way and two way classified data.
One way classification models, random effect model for one way classification, Two
way classification model with equal number of observations per cell with and without
interactions, General two way block designs, various characteristics of general two
way block design: connectedness, balancedness and orthogonality, Balanced
Incomplete Block Design (BIBD). 2 k full factorial designs, analysis of single as well
as more than one replicates using ANOVA, technique of confounding, total and
partial confounding in 2 k full factorial designs.

*******

24

Industrial Chemistry
1)

Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis


a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

2)

Industrial Organic Chemistry


a)
b)
c)
d)

3)

b)
c)

Agrochemicals and Pesticides Definition, classification, nomenclature,


principles of pest control.
Formulation of pesticides Definition, types, a.i., EC, solvents, Granules,
Direct impregnation method.
Chemistry of pesticides phorate, captan, terbufos, warfarin, DEET,
metaldehyde.

Industrial Polymers
a)
b)

6)

Antibiotics Definition, classification, examples.


Anti AIDS/HIV Definition and drugs.
Cancer therapy Types of cancers and therapies.
Synthesis of prazasin, methyldopa and benzocane.
Manufacture of aspirin.

Agrochemical Industry
a)

5)

Dyes Valance bond and molecular orbital theories, synthesis of Fast Red A
and Rosaniline.
Paints and Pigments Definition, classification, manufacture of Tio2 by
sulphate and chloride methods.
Oil and Oleochemical Industries Definition, characterization and
classification of oils, acid/sap/iodine values of oils, manufacture of soaps.
Fermentation Manufacture of chloramphenicol and penicillin.

Pharmaceutical Chemistry
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

4)

Amination Liquor ammonia, metal-acid reductions, manufacture of aniline


by reduction of nitrobenzene.
Alkylation Alkylating agents, manufacture of ethyl benzene.
Oxidation Liquid phase oxidation, technical oxidation of benzene.
Esterification Interesterification, manufacture of cellulose acetate.
Hydrogenation Types of hydrogenation reactions, hydrogenation of fatty
oils.

Polymers and polymerizations Definition, types.


Chemistry, technology of production, properties and applications of phenolformaldehyde based resins, epoxy resins and curing agents, polyamides,
polyolefins, acrylics, polyvinyls and co-polymers.

Industrial Waste, Hazards and Management


a)

Chemical industry hazards and prevention flammability, explosion, ignition,


pressure, temperature, noise.
25

b)

c)

Green chemistry Introduction and importance, twelve principles,


environmentally
benign
synthetic
approaches
(polymer
supported/microwave/ionic liquids mediated organic syntheses).
Industrial management Meaning of planning, organizing, directing and
controlling, entrepreneurship and factors affecting entrepreneurship
*****

26

Pesticides & Agrochemicals


1. Introduction to pests (agriculture and public health pests), pesticides (classification,
nomenclature, principles of pest control) & IPM concept.
2.

I)

Introduction & chemistry of pesticides :


a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

II)
3.

Insecticides Decamethrin , Propaxor


Fungicides Captan, Carbendazim
Rodenticides Bromadiolone, Zinc phosphide
Nematicides Aldicarb, Diazinon
Fumigants Methyl bromide, Ethylene dibromide
Repellents DEET, DMP

Manufacture of Lindane, Parathion, Phorate, 2, 4-D.

Formulation of pesticides Introduction, a.i., necessity and types of formulation,


technical process for preparation of granules,(Direct impregnation, Extrusion,
agglomeration) and emulsifiable concentrates; Controlled release formulations
(microcapsulation and chemical systems).

4. Fertilizers Synthetic fertilizers (urea, triple super phosphate, potassium nitrate,


potassium chloride),
fluid fertilizers (nitrogenous fluids), soil amendments, fertility
management.
5.

Herbicides & PGRs- Introduction, chemistry of herbicides (2,4-D, dicamba,


simazine) & PGRs (daminozide, IAA, tecnazene, chloramequat chloride).

propanil,

6.

Pesticide Residues & Toxicology- Introduction, effect of residues on human life, birds,
animals, basic principles of toxicology (exposure routes, interactions, dose response
relationships, GLP for toxicity studies ), toxicology of organophosphates and carbamates
(signs and symptoms of poisoning, biotransformation, cholinesterase inhibition action
and antidote mechanisms).

******

27

Polymer Chemistry
1.

Polymers:
Basic concepts and definition:- Polymer, Degree of polymerization, functionality,
Classification of polymers:- Thermoplastic and Thermosets, Step growth and Chain
polymers, natural and synthetic polymers, Plastics/Fibers/Elastomers/Resins,
Methods of polymerization and kinetics:-Free radical chain polymerization, cationic
polymerization, anionic polymerization, co-ordination polymerization,
Step growth polymers and Kinetics:- Concept of equal reactivity, Catalyzed and
Uncatalyzed step polymerization of polyester, Carothers equation,
Techniques of polymerization:- Bulk, Solution, Suspension, Emulsion and Interfacial
polymerization,

2.

Polymer Characterization:
1. Analysis of polymers- Chemical (elemental), Flame test, Colour and solubility
test.
2. Number and weight average molecular weights and their determinations.
3. Thermal behavior and analysis (DTA, DSC, TGA, TMA) of polymers,
applications of these techniques.
4. Viscoelastic behavior of polymers, factors affecting viscoelastic behavior,
applications and measurement of viscoelastic properties (by DMA).

3.

Processing of polymers :
Processing of plastics, elastomers, fibers, paints and varnishes, compounding,
extrusion techniques and processes based on extrusion, injection moulding and
processes based on injection moulding, compression moulding and transfer moulding.

4.

Structure and properties of polymers:


Glass transition temperature and its determination, Tacticity of polymer chains,
Estimation of crystallinity: XRD, Densities, Heat of fusion.

5.

Preparation, Properties and Applications of commercial polymers:


PE, PVC, Polyamides, PET, epoxy resin, silicon polymers.

6.

Additives for polymers:


Fillers, plasticizers, lubricants, antiaging additives, flame retarders, colourants, blowing
agents, cross linking agents.

*******
28

Physical Chemistry
1)

Quantum Chemistry :
Plansks theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle, postulates of quantum
mechanics, Schrodinger equation, particle in a box, operators, harmonic Oscillator,
rigid rotator, hydrogen atom and emission spectrum of hydrogen atom. Variation
principle and Hiickel approximation for conjugated dienes. Term symbols, selection
rules and spectroscopic states. Theoretical treatment of rotational, vibrational
electronic and spin spectroscopies.

2)

Thermodynamics and Chemical Equilibrium :


Second and third laws of thermodynamics, Entropy and force energy. Free energy
functions, Maxwells relations phase equilibrium and rule. Effect of temperature and
pressure on equilibrium constant, Le-chateliars principle. The chemical potential and
chemical equilibrium. Fugacity and activity, Partial molar quantities, Solubility of
gases in liquids. Phase diagrams, Osmotic pressure, Determination of activity
coefficients.

3)

Statistical Thermodynamics :
Ensembles partition function, Translational, Vibrational, rotational partition functions.
Entropy calculations. Boltzmam, Bose Einstein and Fermi-Diral Statistics, Heat
capacities of Solids. Einstein and Debye theories, Equilibrium Constant Calculations.

4)

Chemical Kinetics :
Types of reactions, Opposing reactions, Consecutive reactions, Parallel reactions,
Chain reactions. Temperature dependence of reaction rates, collision theory,
Activated Complex theory of reaction rates, Reactions in solution, Diffusion
controlled reactions. Acid-Base catalysis, Enzyme catalysis. Fast reactions,
Relaxation methods to study rates of reactions.

5)

Electrochemistry :
Ion activities and mean ionic activity coefficients, Diffusion and ionic mobility,
Debye Hiickel theory, limiting law. Electrode kinetics, polarization, The Tafel
equation, Diffusion Over potential, Fuel cells.

6)

Surfaces and colloids :


Surface tension, Capillarity, Insoluble surface films, Structure of surface films,
Surfactants and micelles, Cell membranes, colloidal sols particle size distribution.
Electrical double layer, Stability of Colloids, Emulsions.

7)

Nuclear Chemistry and solid State :


29

Nuclear reactions, Nuclear models, the shell model and liquid drop model,
Radioactive decay and equilibrium, Q-value, fission and fusion, Bethes notation for
nuclear reactions, Compound nuclear theory, The fission energy, The four factor
formula, Breeder reactors.
The Bond model of solids, Closest packing of spheres, ionic crystals, Crystal energies.
radius ratio rule. Insulators and semiconductors. Defects in solids, point and line
defects. Effects due to dislocations. Solid solutions. Superconductivity

*******

30

Organic Chemistry
1)

Aromaticity Huckels rule & concept of aromaticity (n) annulenes & heteroannulenes
Fullerenes.

2)

Stereochemistry & Confirmational Analysis :


(a) Never Method of asymmetric synthesis (including Enzymatic & Catalytic nexus) Enantio
& diastereo selective synthesis, Effects of confirmation on reactivity in acyclic
compounds & Cyclohexanes.
(b) CD & ORD

3)

Name Reactions :
Favorskii reaction, Stone Enamine reaction, Michael addition, mannich reaction,

Sharpless asymmetric, Epoxidation, Ene reaction, Bartin reaction, Hofmann-Loffler


Freytag reaction, Shapiro reaction, Baeyer-villiger reaction, Suzuki Coupling, Still
Coupling, Sonogashira Coupling, Buckhwald Coupling, Biginelli reaction.

4)

Pericyclic Reactions :
Selection rules & Stereochemistry of Electrocyclic reactions, Cycloaddition &
Sigmatropic Shifts, Sommelet, Hauser, Cope & Claisen rearrangements

5)

Photochemistry :
Cis-trans isomensation paterno Buchi reactions Nomish Type I & II reactions,
photoreduction of ketons Oli-pi methane reamangement, Photochemistry of arenes.

6)

Heterocyclic Chemistry :
Synthesis & heactivity of foran, thiophene, pyrrole, quinoine & isoquinoline & indole,
Skraup Synthesis, fisher indole synthesis.

7)

Reagents in Organic Synthesis :


Complex metal hydrides, Gitmans reagent, Lithium dimethyl cuprate, lithium
disopropyalamide (LDA) dicyclohexyl Carbodimide, 1,3-dithiane, trimethyl
silyiodide, tri-n-butyltin hydride, wordward prevost hydroxylation, Osmium tetroxide,
DDQ, Selenium dioxide, Phase transfer catalysts, Crewn Ethers & Merrifield resin,
Petersons synthesis, Wilkinsons catalyst, Baker yeast, B-cyclodextrin, Grubbs
Catalyst.

8)

Spectroscopy :
Applications of Mass UV VIS, IR & NMR Spectroscopy for Structural Elucidation of
compound.
31

9)

Protecting Group :
For OH , NH2 CAH & Carbonyl of ketone & aldehyde.

10) Green Chemistry & Microwave reactions.

******

32

Inorganic Chemistry
1. Chemistry of transition elements and coordination compounds-bonding theories,
spectral and magnetic properties.
2. Reaction mechanisms: Ligand substitution, Isomerization, insertion, oxidative
addition, reductive elimination and photochemical reactions.
3. d-block organometallic compounds - synthesis, bonding and structure and reactivity.
4. Organometallics in homogenous catalysis: Catalysis steps, hydrogenation of alkenes,
hydroformylation, Wacker process, alkene polymerization.
5. Cages and metal clusters: Structure, synthesis.
6. Coordination compounds in biology and medicines, redox chemistry of Iron
porphyrins, cytochromes, therapeutic uses of coordination compounds as anticancer,
antiarthritis drugs.
7. Analytical chemistry: a) Separation techniques- Solvent extraction, GC-HPLC, ion
exchange chromatography. b) Electroanalytical methods- polarography and
voltammetric methods. c) Thermoanalytical methods- Thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), Differntial thermal analysis (DTA) and radio analytical techniques.
8. Physical Characterization of Inorganic compounds Electron paramagnetic resonance
(EPR) & Mossbauer spectroscopy.
*******

33

Analytical Chemistry
1.

Concepts of Analytical Chemistry:


Qualitative and quantitative analysis. Accuracy, precision, mean and standard
deviation. Analytical data processing. Solvent extraction- Determination of partition
ratios, Continuous separation and countercurrent processes.

2.

Decomposition and Dissolution of Samples :


Acids as solvents. Oxidizing and non-oxidizing acidic and alkaline fluxes. Use of
chlorine and bromine at high temperatures. Dry and wet ashing methods.

3.

Instrumental Methods of Analysis:


Principle, instrumentation and applications of following techniques:
pH
metry,
potentiometry,
conductometry,
polarography,
electrogravimetry, coulometry, x-ray diffraction spectrometry.

4.

voltametry,

Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis:


UV and Visible spectrophotometry, Infra-red spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry, Flame emission and Atomic absorption
spectroscopy.

5.

Chromatographic Methods of Analysis:


Paper chromatography, Thin layer chromatography, Ion exchange chromatography,
Size exclusion chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography, Gas
chromatography.

6.

Special Analytical Methods :


Neutron activation analysis, Isotope dilution analysis, Thermal methods of analysis
such as TGA, DTA, DSC and thermometric titrations.

7.

Analysis of Organics and Medicinal:


Determination of hydrocarbons by combustion method, carbonyl compounds by DNP
method, nitrogen compounds by Kjeldahl and Dumas method and sulphur
compounds by oxygen flask method. Assay of aspirin and sulpha drugs, Assay of
vitamins A, B1, B2, C and D. Enzyme assay. Bioassay of antibiotics.

8.

Analysis of Foods and Bio-analysis:


Estimation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins from food. Analysis of foods such as
milk, flour, honey, jams-jellys and beverages. Analysis of urine and blood. Forensic
examination of saliva, blood and hairs. Forensic toxicology.

******
34

Geology
(i)

Geomorphology: Landforms-their types and development; weathering, transport and


erosion; landforms in relation to rock type, structure and tectonics. Soils-their
development and types. Geomorphic processes and their impact on various landforms
and associated dynamics-slope, channel, coastline, glacial and aeolian; evolution of
major geomorphological features of the Indian sub-continent; geomorphometric
analysis and modelling.

(ii)

Sedimentology: Classification of sedimentary rocks; petrography of rocks of clastic,


chemical and biochemical origin. Sedimentary textures and structures. Diagenesis;
marine, non-marine and mixed depositional environments. Facies association,
sedimentation and tectonics; basin analysis; Reconstruction of palaeoenvironments
using radioactive and stable isotopes.

(iii)

Paleontology: Origin and evolution of life; fossils and their uses; species concept;
functional morphology, classification and evolution of important invertebrate,
vertebrate and plant fossils; biomineralisation and trace fossils; types of microfossils
and their applications; palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology; evolution of man.
Oxygen and carbon isotopic studies on fossils; analysis of palaentological record for
tracing plate tectonics processes.

(iv)

Stratigraphy: Recent developments in stratigraphic classification: Litho bio and


chrono stratigraphic units and their interrelationships; modern methods of
stratigraphic correlation; steps in stratigraphic studies; approaches to
palaeogeography; Earths climatic history. Rocks of Phanerozoic Eon in India-their
intercontinental correlation with special reference to type localities; boundary
problems in stratigraphy; geodynamic evolution of the Indian subcontinent through
the Phanerozoic.

(v)

Structural Geology and Geotectonics: Concepts of stress and strain; strain analysis
using deformed objects; geometric classification of folds; mechanics of folding;
folding in shear zones; geometry of superposed folding; structural analysis in terrains
with multiple deformation; foliation and lineation; geometry and mechanics of shear
zones; brittle ductile and ductile structures in shear zones; geometry of thrust sheets.
Classification of unconformities; map patterns and their uses in the determination of
large-scale structures. Isostasy; seismicity; sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics;
orogenesis; orogenic belts of India; evolution of the Himalaya and Himalayan
tectonics.

(vi)

Mineralogy: Concept of symmetry, point group lattice and space group; principles of
crystal chemistry; principles of optical and X-ray mineralogy. Structural classification
of minerals; structure and its interrelation with physical and chemical properties of
minerals important phase diagrams of major rock forming minerals and ore minerals;
principles of geothermo-barometry.

(vii)

Geochemistry: Abundances of elements; structure and atomic properties of elements;


the Periodic Table; geochemical classification and distribution of elements in the
earth; principles of geochemical cycling; principles of ionic substitution in minerals;
laws of thermodynamics; concepts of free energy, activity, fugacity and equilibrium
constant; thermodynamics of ideal, nonideal and dilute solutions; element partitioning
in mineral/rocks formation and concept of distribution coefficients; concept of P-T-X.
Eh-pH diagrams and mineral stabilities; radioactive decay schemes, growth of
35

daughter isotopes and radiometric dating; stable isotopes and their fractionation.
Mineral/Mineral assemblages as sensors of ambient environments.
(viii)

Petrology: Phase equilibria studies of single, binary, temary and quaternary silicate
systems with reference to petrogenesis; magmas, their generation in the crust and
mantle, their emplacement and their relation to plate tectonics; magmatic
crystallization, differentiation and assimilation; classification of igneous rocks; major
and trace elements and isotopic composition of igneous rocks in the context of
petrogenesis; petrogenesis of important types of igneous rocks; volatile components in
petrogenesis. Physical and rheological properties of silicate melts-Bingham liquid;
partial melting and fractional crystallization in closed and open system models. Role
of T.P. and fluids in metamorphism; metamorphic facies; mineral assemblages and
important reactions in different facies; types of metamorphism and metamorphicbelts; relationship among metamorphism, anatexis and grantization. Petrogenetic
aspects of important rocks of India such as the Deccan Trap. The Layered intrusions,
charnockites, khondalities and gondites.

(ix)

Ore Geology: Physico-chemical controls of deposition and of post-depositional


changes in ores; geological processes of formation of economic mineral deposits;
global metallogeny as related to crustal evolution; metallogenesis in space and time.
Elements of ore petrology; mineral assemblages and fluid inclusions as sensors of
ore-forming environments; Live ore forming systems. Geological setting,
characteristics features and genesis of ferrous and nonferrous ore deposits of India.
Metallogenic history of India.

(x)

Marine Geology: Morphological and tectonic domains of the ocean floor; midocean
ridge systems; seawater-basalt interaction and hydrothermal vents; models and rates
of ocean circulation and of sedimentation in the oceans; digenetic changes in oxic and
anoxic environments; mobility of redox metals; major components of marine
sediments and processes regulating sediment composition; geochronology of marine
sediments from radioactivity measurements; sedimentary markers of
palaeoenvironmental conditions; mineral resources of the oceans and factors
controlling their distribution. Ocean margins; nature of deep sea sediments, their
chronology and correlation; tectonic history of the oceans.

(xi)

Petroleum Geology: Origin, migration and entrapment of petroleum; properties of


source and reservoir rocks; structural, stratigraphic and combinations traps.
Techniques of exploration. Petroliferous basins of India.Well logging and other
methods.

(xii)

Precambrian Geology and Crustal Evolution: Evolution of the early crust, early
Precambrian life, lithological, geochemical and stratigraphic characteristics of granite
greenstone and granulite belts. Stratigraphy and geochronology of the Precambrian
terrains of India.

(xiii)

Applied Geology:
(a)

Photo geology and Remote Sensing: Elements of photogrammetry; elements


of photo interpretation; electromagnetic spectrum emission range, film and
imagery; multispectral sensors; geological interpretation of air-photos and
imagery.
36

(b)

Engineering Geology: Mechanical properties of rocks; geological


investigations for the construction of dams, bridges, highways and tunnels.

(c)

Mineral Exploration: Geological and geophysical methods of surface and


subsurface exploration on different scales, sampling, assaying and evaluation
of mineral deposits; geochemical and Geobotanical surveys in exploration.

(d)

Hydrogeology: Ground water, Darcys law; hydrological characteristics of


aquifers; Hydrological cycle; precipitation, evapotranspiration and infiltration
processes; hydrological Classification of water-bearing formations; fresh and
salt water relationship in coastal and inland areas; ground water exploration
and management, water pollution, ground water regimes in India.

******

37

Environmental Sciences
1.

Environmental Science and Environmental Issues:


Definition. Principles and scope of environmental science. Earth, man and
environment. Ecosystems and pathways in ecosystem. Physico-chemical and
biological factors in the environment. Human population growth, Urbanization,
Industrialization, Effects of agriculture on environment.
Structure and composition of atmosphere: hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.
Mass and energy transfer across the various interfaces. Material balance, First and
second laws of thermodynamics, Heat transfer processes.
Conventional and Non-conventional Energy Sources: Thermal power plants,
Hydropower projects, Nuclear power projects, Biogas, Wind energy, Solar energy,
Geothermal energy and Tidal power. Advantages, limitations and scope for above
types of energies in India.
Global environmental problems: Deforestation, desertification, ozone layer depletion,
greenhouse effect and global warming.
Global environmental awareness and action plans: Stockholm conference, Montreal
protocol, Rio-de-Janeiro summit, Kyoto protocol, Copenhagen summit, World Wide
Fund for nature (WWF), Carbon credit.
Environmental policies and legislations: Environmental policy resolutions, legislation,
Public policy strategies in pollution control. Introduction acts and legal provisions
pertaining to Environmental protection. Natural resources conservation and
sustainable development.

2.

Environment and Ecology:


Definition, principles and scope of ecology. Human ecology and human settlement.
Evolution, origin of life and speciation.
Abiotic factors like temperature, light, rainfall, humidity, atmospheric gases and wind.
Wind factor and fire factor. Topographic factors like height and direction of
mountains. Steepness of slopes, edaphic factors like formation of soil, composition of
soil, soil erosion and conservation. Ecological adaptions in plants like hydrophytes,
mesophytes, xerophytes and halophytes. Ecological adoptions in animals.
Ecosystems. Structure and functions, biotic and abiotic components, energy flows,
food chain, food web, ecological pyramids, biomass and numbers, types and diversity,
ecological succession, Population. Community ecology and parasitism. Prey-predator
relationships.
Major types of ecosystems. Pond, grassland, forest, desert, cropland and terrestrial
ecosystems. Primary and secondary productivity.
System ecology and ecosystem modeling. Development of environmental modeling.
Scope, types and state of art.
38

Biodiversity: Concept of biodiversity. Types of biodiversity. Importance of


biodiversity. Major biomes distribution. Biodiversity hotspots. Endangered species.
Conservation of biodiversity in national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.
Biodiversity in India.
Ecological succession: Mechanism of succession. Course of succession. Types and
trends of succession. Climax concept in succession. Succession and biogeo-chemical
cycling of Carbon, Sulphur, Nitrogen and phosphorous.
3.

Environmental Chemistry:
Fundamentals of environmental chemistry: Concept and scope. Stoichiometry. Gibbs
free energy. Redox potential, chemical potential and chemical equillibria. Acid-base
reactions, solubility products and solubility of gases in water. The carbonate system.
Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Radionuclides in air.
Air chemistry: Structure and composition of atmosphere. Chemical composition of air
and heat balance. Classification of elements. Chemical speciation. Particles, ions and
radicals in atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic
particulate matter. Thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.
Oxygen and ozone chemistry of air pollutants. Photochemical smog.
Water chemistry: Chemistry of water. Concept of DO, BOD and COD.
Sedimentation, coagulation, filteration and redox potential. Hydrospherecharacteristics and structure. Oceans, ice and fresh water systems.
Properties of water bodies: Alkalinity, acidity, calcium and other metals in water,
organic pollutants, soaps, oil, detergents and pesticides in water. Radionucleides.
Soil chemistry: Lithosphere-formation of the earth, structure and composition of the
earth. Differentiation of elements. Soil and agriculture. Nature and composition of
soil. Acid-base and ion exchange reactions in soil. NPK in soil. macronutrients in soil.
Nitrogen pathways.
Principles, working and applications of analytical techniques: Titrimetry, gravimetry,
colorimetry, spectrophotometry nephalometry, turbidimetry,
flame photometry,
polarography, paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ion exchange
chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS),
HPLC, X-ray florescence, X-ray diffraction, neutron activation analysis and isotope
dilution analysis.

4.

Environmental Pollution and Its Control:


Air Pollution: Definition. Natural and anthropogenic sources of air pollution. Primary
and secondary air pollutants. Transport and diffusion of pollutants. Gas laws
governing effects of pollutants in atmosphere. Methods of monitoring and control of
air pollution. Study of air pollutants-SO2, NOx, CO and SPM. Effects of pollutants on
human beings, plants, animals, materials and climate. Acid rain. Air quality standards.
Air monitoring instruments- Orsat apparatus, high volume sampler and source
monitors.

39

Air pollution meteorology: Wind speed, direction and their vertical profiles.
Turbulence, atmospheric stability characteristics and classes. Plume behavior. Effects
of micrometeorology on point source emission. Wind valley effect, land/sea breeze
effect and heat island effect. Mixing height boundary. Temperature inversion. Factors
affecting dispersion of air pollutants. Micrometeorological instruments.
Water pollution: Types, sources and consequences of water pollution. Physical,
chemical and biological characteristics of water and wastewater. Physico-chemical
and bacteriological sampling and analysis of water. Water quality. Water quality
standards (WHO, BIS and CPCB). Water quality indices. Pollution potential of
industrial effluents of industries-textile & dye, paper & pulp, sugar, chemical, food
processing, petroleum, tannery and electroplating industry. Effects of water pollution
on human beings, plants, animals and materials. Biological uptake of pollutants.
Bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Eutrophication. Water borne diseases. Bioindicators. Wastewater treatment: Introduction. Flow diagram of wastewater
treatment. Preliminary treatments -Flow measurement, screening, gritting, skimming.
Primary treatments- primary and secondary sedimentation. Secondary treatmentstrickling filter, activated sludge process and bio-towers. Tertiary treatmentsprecipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, electro-dialysis and
effluent disinfection.
Sludge treatments-thickening, conditioning, dewatering,
digestion, drying and disposal. Common effluent treatment plant (CETP).
Terrestrial pollution: Physico-chemical and bacteriological sampling and analysis of
soil. Soil quality. Sources of solid wastes. Composition of solid wastes. Collection,
transportation and characterization of solid wastes. Effects of solid wastes on
environment and health of human beings. Management of solid wastes by methodssanitary landfill, incineration, pyrolysis, composting and vermicomposting. Modern
trends- reduce, reuse, recycle strategy. integrated waste management for energy
recovery. Hazardous wastes and its management. Generation and management of
solid wastes in industries-textile & dye, paper & pulp, sugar, fertilizers, petroleum,
chemical and food processing industry.
Noise Pollution: Sources of noise pollution. Measurement of noise. Noise exposure
levels and standards. Impact of noise pollution on human health. Noise control and
abatement measures.
Marine pollution: Sources of marine pollution and control. Criteria for disposal of
pollutants in marine system. Coastal management. Radioactive and thermal pollution.
5.

Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing:


Introduction: Definition of EIA & EIS. Environmental inventory. Concept, scope and
Objectives of EIA. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA-1969). EIA
Guidelines-1994 of Government of India. Procedure to review report of EIA.
Impact Assessment Methodologies: Definition and concept of impacts. Types of
impacts (negative & positive, primary &secondary, reversible & irreversible, tangible
& intangible). Impact identification. Methods for impact identification- matrices,
networks and checklists. Advantages and disadvantages of EIA methodologies.

40

Components of EIA: Environmental setting. Baseline data. Prediction and evaluation


of impacts. Environmental management plan and monitoring. Baseline information.
Prediction, Evaluation and mitigation of impacts on socio-economic, air, water, soil
and noise environments.
Preparation and writing of EIA: For water resources. Dams and irrigation projects.
Mining and infrastructural projects.
Environmental auditing: Notification and guidelines for environmental audit.
6.

Environmental Geoscience and Remote Sensing:


The Earth system and biosphere: Conservation of matter in various geosphereslithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Energy budget of the Earth.
Earths thermal environment and seasons. Ecosystems flow of energy and matter. Coexistence in communities and food web. Earths major ecosystems-terrestrial and
aquatic. General relation between landscape, biomass and climate. Indian monsoonEL Nino, droughts, tropical cyclones and western disturbances.
Mineral resources and environment: Resources and reserves. Minerals and population.
Oceans as new areas for mineral exploration. Processing and smelting of minerals.
Environmental impacts of mineral exploration.
Landuse planning: The landuse plan. Soil surveys in relation to landuse planning.
Methods of site selection and evaluation.
Introduction to remote sensing: Definition. Historical perspective. Electromagnetic
radiation (EMR). EMR spectrum. Radiation laws. Blackbody and real body
radiations. Hemispheric reflectance, transmittance and absorption. Applications of
remote sensing in environmental studies.
Applications of remote sensing in environmental studies: Land use/land cover,
wastelands, forests, forest fires, water resources, disasters, wildlife habitats,
vegetations.
Geographical Information System (GIS): Definition. Capabilities and advantages.
History, objectives and elements of GIS. Data models- Raster and vector data model.
Data structures- relational, hierarchical and network data structures. Overview of GIS
softwares. Use of GIS in environmental management.

7.

Industrial Safety, Hygiene and Toxicology:


Concept, need and application of industrial safety effective implementation of safety.
Safety policy in the industries. Risk assessment and management: Checklist
procedure. Preliminary hazard analysis. What if analysis. Failure mode effect
analysis. Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies. Hazard analysis techniques- fault
tree analysis and event tree analysis. General outline of DOW index. Risk estimation
and management. Major hazard control. On-site and off-site emergency preparedness.
Industrial hygiene: Environmental stresses- physical, chemical, biological and
ergonomic stresses. Principles of industrial hygiene.
41

Elementary industrial toxicology: Introduction and Definition. Major toxic


substances. Environmental agents causing public concern. Factors affecting toxicity
of toxicant. Acute and chronic toxicity studies. Morphological, functional and
biochemical changes. LD50 and LC50. Dose response curve. Probit factor.
Extrapolation of animal studies results to human. Carcinogenesis- initiation,
promotion and progression of cancer. Threshold limit value (TLV) and criteria used in
arriving at TLV.
Occupational health: Concept of health and occupational health. Spectrum of health,
Occupational and work related diseases. History of occupational diseases.
Characteristics of occupational diseases. Level of prevention. Essentials of
occupational health services. personal protective equipments (respiratory and nonrespiratory).

*******

42

Geography
UNIT NO 1: CLIMATOLOGY :
Introduction:
Definition, Nature and Scope, Aims and Objectives, Subdivisions,
Development of modern climatology. Composition and structure of atmosphere.
Isolation and Heat Budget: Definition, factors affecting the distribution of isolation, effects
of atmosphere, Heat budget of the earth and atmosphere.
Temperature, Humidity and Precipitation: Horizontal and vertical distribution of
temperature. Factors affecting the distribution of temperature, inversion of temperature,
Humidity types, Forms of precipitation, Types of rainfall.
Fronts and air masses: Classification, modification of airmasses and types of fronts
Atmospheric disturbances, Climatic Classification and Recent trends in climatology
Cartographic Techniques:
Climatograph, Climograph, Hyther graph, Wind rose.
Isothermal lines. Interpretation of satellite imageries showing daily weather forecast.
UNIT NO 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY:
Introduction: Definition, Nature, scope and fundamental concepts of geomorphology
Origin and Evolution of the earth: Continental Drift Theory, Palaemagnetism, Seafloor
Spreading Theory, Plate Tectonic Theory. Davisian Cycle of Erosion.
Landforms: Fluvial Landforms, Karst Landforms, Glacial Landforms, Aeolian Landforms.
Techniques: Average slope analysis, Relative and absolute relief, Dissection Index, Millors
Isotan maps, drainage Density, drainage frequency, Drainage network hierarchy- Hartshons
and Strahlers methods.
UNIT NO 3: ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY:
Introduction: Definition, Nature and Scope, Approaches, Bran chases and recent trends in
Economic Geography.
Theories and Models: Von Thunens Theory of Agricultural Location, Webers Theory of
Industrial Location, Rostows model, Myrdals Model, Friedmans Core Periphery Model.
Economies of scale: Agglomeration and Growth Poles. External and Internal Economies of
scale.
Statistical Techniques: Crop combination, Crop concentration, Crop diversification,
Intensity of crops, Network analysis, Dispersion of settlements, Growth of Urban Population,
Degree of Urbanization, Functional classification of towns.

43

UNIT NO 4: POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY:


Introduction: Nature and scope, Approaches, Sources of Population data, Factors
influencing distribution of population, Types of population density.
Fertility and Mortality: Measures of Fertility and Mortality, Factors influencing fertility and
Mortality, Composition of Population- Age, Sex, Religion and Economic Compositions of
Population.
Population Theories:
Marks Theory.

Demographic Transition, Optimum Population Theory and Karl

Statistical and Cartographic Techniques used in the study of Population and settlement
Geography
UNIT NO 5: GEO-STTISTICAL METHODS:
Techniques: Central Tendencies, correlation of co-efficient, Regression, residual from
regression, least square and semi average method.
Sampling techniques: Significance of Sampling, Types of sampling,
UNIT NO 6: GEOINFORMATICS:
Application of computer in geographic data analysis: Application of Excel worksheet, If
condition command, Advance filter, conditional formatting,
Remote sensing; Definition, History, electromagnetic spectrum, Aerial Photographs, Scale
of aerial Photographs, Camera calibration, types of platforms, types of sensors, satellite
imageries, annotation of satellite imageries, calculation of scale, Types of satellites, Recent
development of Remote sensing, Major centers of remote sensing.
GPS; Introduction to GPS, functions, applications and advance development in GPS
GIS: What is GIS? Views of a GIS, What you Can Do With GIS? Objectives and tasks of
GIS, Coordinate System, Geographic Coordinate System, Projected Coordinate Systems,
Vector And Raster Data Models, Definition Of Attributes, Types Of Attribute, DEM, GIS
software.

*******

44

|| ||

NORTH MAHARASHSTRA UNIVERSITY


SYLLABUS FOR Ph. D.
ENTRANCE TEST
PAPER II
FACULTY : ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Excluding Chemical Engineering & Chemical Technology,
Computer Engineering)

45

Mechanical Engineering
1.

Mathematics:

1.1

Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher


order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's
equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one
dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation.

1.2

Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic


equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule, single and multi-step
methods for differential equations, Solution of ordinary differential equation, Iterative
methods, Finite Difference Method.

1.3

Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean


value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives,
Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector
identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss
and Green's theorems.

2.

Mechanical Engineering Group:

A)

Heat Power:

Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy; control-volume


analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of
continuity and momentum; Bernoulli's equation; viscous flow of incompressible fluids;
boundary layer; elementary turbulent flow; flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends
etc.
Heat-Transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept,
electrical analogy, unsteady heat conduction, fins; dimensionless parameters in free and
forced convective heat transfer, various correlations for heat transfer in flow over flat plates
and through pipes; thermal boundary layer; effect of turbulence; radiative heat transfer, black
and grey surfaces, shape factors, network analysis; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and
NTU methods.
Thermodynamics: Power Engineering: Steam Tables, Rankine, Brayton cycles with
regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: air-standard Otto, Diesel cycles. Refrigeration and airconditioning: Vapour refrigeration cycle, heat pumps, gas refrigeration, Reverse Brayton
cycle; moist air: psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery:
Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines - impulse and reaction principles, velocity
diagrams.

46

B) Production Engineering:
Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Basic machine tools; machining processesturning, drilling, boring, milling, shaping, planing, gear cutting, thread production, broaching,
grinding, lapping, honing, super finishing; mechanics of machining - geometry of cutting
tools, chip formation, cutting forces and power requirements, Merchant's analysis; selection
of machining parameters; tool materials, tool wear and tool life, economics of machining,
thermal aspects of machining, cutting fluids, machinability.
Product Design and Development: Principles of good product design, tolerance design;
quality and cost considerations; product life cycle; standardization, simplification,
diversification, value engineering and analysis, concurrent engineering.
Production Planning and Inventory Control: Forecasting techniques - causal and time
series models, moving average, exponential smoothing, trend and seasonality; aggregate
production planning; master production scheduling order control and flow control; routing,
scheduling and priority dispatching; push and pull production systems, concept of JIT
manufacturing system; logistics, distribution, and supply chain management; Inventory functions, costs, classifications, deterministic and probabilistic inventory models, quantity
discount; perpetual and periodic inventory control systems.
Operation Research: Linear programming - problem formulation, simplex method, duality
and sensitivity analysis; transportation and assignment models; network flow models,
constrained optimization and Lagrange multipliers; simple queuing models; dynamic
programming; simulation - manufacturing applications; PERT and CPM, time-cost trade-off,
resource leveling.
Quality Management: Quality - concept and costs, quality circles, quality assurance;
statistical quality control, acceptance sampling, zero defects, six sigma; total quality
management; ISO 9000; design of experiments - Taguchi method.

C) Design Engineering:
Engineering Mechanics: Free body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual
work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion, including
impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; impact.
Strength of Materials: Stress and strain, stress-strain relationship and elastic constants,
Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain, thin cylinders; shear force and bending
moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts;
Euler's theory of columns; strain energy methods; thermal stresses.
Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms;
dynamic analysis of slider-crank mechanism; gear trains; flywheels.
Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems; effect of
damping; vibration isolation; resonance, critical speeds of shafts.

47

Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N
diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded
joints, shafts, spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches.

*****

48

Civil
Operations Research Techniques:
Importance of Operations Research (OR), Applications of OR techniques in decision making,
systematic approach in problem solving, optimization of processes.

Numerical methods:
Importance of numerical methods, linear curve fitting techniques, polynomial curve fitting
techniques, numerical differentiation, numerical integration, numerical solution of
polynomial equations, interpolation and extrapolation, numerical solution of ordinary
differential equations, numerical solution of partial differential equations, stability and
convergence.

Computer fundamentals:
Fundamentals of computer operations, common languages, languages for scientific
applications, types of variables, ability to write simple programs with IF, GOTO conditions
and LOOPS, matrix operations, familiarity with software Microsoft word, Microsoft excel
and Microsoft power point.

Project management techniques:


Elements of project management, role of a leader, event and activity, bar charts, Critical Path
Methods (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Research Techniques (PERT) methods.

Statistics:
Concept of average, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, weight of observation, size of
sample, grab and composite samples, representative samples.

Theory of probability:
Elements of probability theory, addition and subtraction of probability.

Theory of errors:
Significant figures, accuracy and precision, error definition, truncation error, round off error,
total numerical error, human error, instrumental error, systematic error, cumulative error,
compensating error, blunders, formulation error, data uncertainty.

********

49

Electronics Engineering
Basic Electronics
Energy band diagram, Fermi level. Carrier concentration under thermal equilibrium, and their
temperature dependence. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Semiconductors.
Carrier Transport, Drift, Diffusion, Excess carriers, Recombination, continuity equation,
Poissions equation.
P-n junction, current-voltage, small signal capacitance, switching.
BJT, carrier profile, dc and ac characteristics.
Schottky diodes, ohmic contact.
MOS capacitor C-V characteristics, MOSFET threshold voltage and I-V characteristics
Basic bipolar and MOSFET process step technology.
Diode and its applications.
Basic FET and Bipolar Transistor amplifier circuits and parameters of amplifiers. Operational
amplifier and its applications. Negative feedback and frequency compensation. Positive
feedback and oscillators.
Filters, AGC, AVC and amplitude stabilization of oscillators.
Voltage regulators and power amplifiers, modulators, demodulators and mixers.

Networks & Control Systems


Network topology , Node-pair and loop analysis of networks containing independent and
dependent sources, Sinusoidal steady state analysis of single-phase and 3-phase circuits,
Resonance, Symmetrical components , Magnetically coupled circuits,. Fourier series and
transform, Laplace transform, Analysis of RLC networks using Laplace transform, network
functions for one-port and two-port networks , Impulse response and superposition integral,
Network theorems , State variables , Formulation of state equations of RLC-networks and
solutions , Discrete systems.
Open-loop and Closed-loop systems; Servomechanisms and regulator problems ; Transfer
function; Block diagram algebra ; Signal flow graphs; Mathematical Models for Physical
Systems : Mechanical translational and rotational systems; Gear trains; dc generator and
motors; Transportation lag systems; Analogs: Components like potentiometers as error
sensing devices; Synchros; as servomotor; tachometers; Concept of stability; necessary and
sufficient conditions for stability; Routh-Hurwitz criterion; Transient Response; Typical
inputs; Time-domain specifications; Steady state errors; error series; system error and Nonunity feedback systems; Frequency response; Bode plots: both semilog coordinates and, loglog coordinates; Frequency domain specifications: Gain Margin and phase Margin; Nyquist
stability criterion; M and N circles; Nichols chart; Root locus and Root Contours;
State-variable representation of systems; Phase variables: Solution of state equations,
controllability and observability.

Power Electronics & Power Systems


Semiconductor Devices in switched mode - Diode, SCR, BJT, IGBT, MOSFET - drivers,
protection, thermal aspects - ratings
Figures of merit - ripple factor, average value, Harmonic factor, Distortion factor, THD,
Power factor, Crest factor
50

Power in switching circuits 2-pulse Midpoint converter - analysis for R load, infinite inductive load, R-L load implications of commutation overlap - use in DC drives.
3-pulse converter - analysis for R load, infinite inductive load, R-L load - implications of
commutation overlap - use in DC drives.
Bridge converters - three phase and single phase - analysis for R load, infinite inductive load,
R-L load - implications of commutation overlap - use in DC drives.
Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost Converters - circuit steady state analysis - current and voltage
ripple estimation - discontinuous and continuous modes of operation. Use of SCR in buck
converters - commutation circuit.
Inverters - 120 deg. and 180 deg. conduction operation - selective harmonic elimination McMurray inverter - SPWM, unipolar and bipolar switching
Single phase AC Voltage Controller - analysis and operation
Snubbers - turn on, turn off, snubbers - RCD snubber
Modeling of transmission lines, synchronous machines and transformers, one-line diagram
per unit (p.u) computation; Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical fault analysis; Power System
Protection , Design of relays; Zone of protection; primary and backup protection; protection
of transmission lines and transformers.

Communication Theory
Review of Fourier Techniques: Fourier transform properties, spectral density, Hilbert
transforms, bandpass signals and complex envelopes,
Probability Theory and Random Process: Random variables, distribution and density
functions, expected values, transformations Specification of a random process, stationary,
ensemble averages, correlation functions, power spectra, filtering of random signals,
Gaussian processes, noise, matched filtering
Basic Digital Communication: Vector space representation of digitally modulated signals,
optimal receiver for additive white Gaussian noise, performance of binary and M-ary
modulation schemes- PSK and QAM, power spectra of linearly modulated signals
Review on fundaments of optical Communication Fiber Cable characterization and testing
splicing, connectors, design of Local area network installation-link consideration-power
budget and rise-time budget, local area network, cabling of local area networks, testing
troubleshooting and measurement.
Components of fiber optic networks, fiber optic networks-an overview, transceivers for fiber
optic networks, semi conductor optical fibers. Erdium-doped fiber amplifiers.Passive
components, switches and functional modules of fiber-optic networks-couplers/splitters,
wavelength division multiplexers and demultiplexers, filters, isolators, circulators and
attenuators. Optical switches and functional modules.
51

Review on satellite fundaments. Satellite link design: Design of down links, uplink design,
design of satellite links for specified (C/N) Interference effects in complete link design,
Satellite Transponders : Function and implementation of transponder, transmission
impairments Spread spectrum technique direct sequence spread spectrum techniques, DSCDMA, FM-SS FH-SS CDMA, Synchronization and applications.
Encoding and forward error correction for digital satellite links, Error detection and
correction, channel capacity, error detection coding, implementation of error detection on
satellite links, echo controlling Earth station : transmissions, receivers, antennas, tracking
system, terrestrial interface primary power test methods

Digital Signal Processing


The Discrete Fourier Transform :
Representation of periodic sequences the Discrete Fourier series properties of the Discrete
Fourier series Fourier representation of finite duration sequences The Discrete Fourier
Transform properties of the Discrete Fourier Transform Linear Convolution using the
Discrete Fourier Transform Two dimensional DFT.
Computation of the Discrete Fourier Transform:
Efficient computation of the DFT FFT Algorithms -Direct computation of the DFTc Radix 2 FFT algorithm- Radix 4 FFT algorithm - Implementation of FFT algorithm
A linear Filtering approach to computation of the DFT - The Geortzel algorithm The chirp
Z Transformation algorithm- Quantization errors in the direct computation of the DFT and
FFT algorithms.
Digital Filters Design:
FIR Filters-Magnitude response and Phase response of Digital Filters - Frequency response
of linear phase FIR filters - Design techniques for FIR Filters - Design of optimal Linear
phase FIR Filters IIR Filters - IIR Filter Design by Impulse Invariant method-IIR Filter
Design by the Bilinear Transformation-Butterworth Filters Chebyshev Filters Inverse
Chebyshev filters Elliptic Filters Frequency transformation
Discrete Hilbert Transforms :
Real and Imaginary part sufficiency for causal sequences minimum-phase condition
Hilbert Transform Relations for the DFT Hilbert Transform Relations for complex
sequences.
Power Spectrum Estimation :
Estimation of spectra from Finite Duration Observations signals Non-parametric methods
for power spectrum Estimation parametric method for power spectrum Estimation.

Electromagnetic Field Theory

52

Vector fields. Divergence and Stokes theorems. Overview of Electrostatics and


Magnetostatics.
Poissons Equation: Derivation, applications, existence and uniqueness. Dielectrics,
Displacement vector. Capacitance matrix, Energy in the field.
Amperes Law: B Field calculations. Vector potential. The magnetic dipole. Magnetization of
materials.
Faraday Law: Induced emf in stationary and moving coils. Inductance. Inductance matrix.
Energy in the magnetic field.
Maxwell Equation: The wave equation. Poynting theorem. Poynting theorem for phasors.
Transmission Lines: The high-frequency circuit. LCR ladder model. The transmission line
equation. Solution for loss-less lines. Wave velocity and wave impedence. Reflection and
Transmission coefficients at junctions. VSWR.
Plane Waves: Solution of the wave equation in vacuum. Wave velocity and impedence.
Normal and Oblique incidence at interfaces. Penetration into conducting surfaces skin
effect. Reflection off dielectric layers.
Introduction to waveguides: Guided waves. Modes and their cutoffs. The TEM wave and the
transmission line limit.
Antennas: The half-wave dipole antenna. Radiation patterns. Antenna gain and directivity.

Digital Systems
Combinational circuits: Karnaugh maps; Design of single and multiple output circuits using
gates, MSI Ics, ROMs and PLAs.
Sequential circuits: Analysis and design of synchronous circuits; Analysis of asynchronous
circuits.
Design of practical digital systems using state diagram/ASM chart techniques.

Instrumentation and Measurements


Analog indicating instruments; Q-meter; Hall effect instruments; rms, average and peak
reading electronic instruments; Galvanometers; CRO and its applications; Errors in
measurement, Systematic and Random errors, error analysis; DC and AC potentiometers, DC
and AC bridges; Interference and noise: Screening and earthing: Instrument transformers;
Digital instruments; Counters, A/D and D/A converters; Active and passive transducers;
Instrumentation system for non electrical quantities, Thermo couples, Piezo electric type
transducers.
******

53

|| ||

NORTH MAHARASHSTRA UNIVERSITY


SYLLABUS FOR Ph. D.
ENTRANCE TEST

PAPER II
FACULTY : MENTAL, MORAL & SOCIAL
SCIENCES

54

Sociology
Module 1:- Basic Concept in Sociology :
1)
2)
3)
4)

Culture
Norms & Values
Social Institutions
(Family, Marriage & Religion)
Social Stratification
(Caste, Class, Gender & Ethnic)

Module 2:-Sociological Theories :


1)
2)
3)

Liberal
Radical
Socialist

Module 3:- Sociological Thinkers :


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Talcott Parsons
Gramci
Giddens

Module 4:- Indian Social Thinkers :


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

G.S. Ghurye
M.N. Shriniwas
Radhakamal Mukherji
Leela Dubey
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

Module 5:- Sociology of Women :


1)
2)
3)
4)

Theories of gender relation


Social Movements of women
Womens Legislations
Women empowerment

55

Module 6:- Sociology of Education :


1)
2)
3)
4)

Basic Concepts
Social Components of Education
Education & Society
Education Policy in India

Module 7:- Development & Globalization :


1)
2)
3)
4)

Poverty
Health Education
Ecology
Tradition & Modernity in India

Module 8:- Methodology :


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Nature of Social Research


Hypothesis
Research Design
Use of Sources & Aggregate data
Survey, Questionnaire & Structural Interview
Case Study & Unstructural Interview
*******

56

Social Work
Module 1:- Introduction to Social Work :
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Introduction
Beginning of Social Work Education
Professionalization of Social Work, Values, Knowledge &
Professional Associations.
Goals, Functions/Roles of Social Work.
Process of Social Work.

Module 2:- Methods of Social Works :


1)
2)
3)

Case work
Group Work
Community Organization

Module 3:- Fields of Social Work I :


1)
2)
3)

Community Development
Urban, Rural & Tribal
Family & Child Welfare

Module 4:- Fields of Social Work II :


1)
2)
3)

Human Resource Management


Personnel Management & Industrial relations
Criminology & Correctional Administration

Module 5:- Social Reformers :


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Rajaram Mohan Roy


Mahatma Phule
Shahu Maharaj
Mahatma Gandhi
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

Module 6:- Social Policy & Programmes :


1)
2)
3)

Govt. & non-Govt. Organizations


Social Development
Social & Human Development - Issues and approaches

*******
57

Psychology
Unit 1 : SENSATION, ATTENTION AND PERCEPTION :
1.1]
1.2]
1.3]
1.4]
1.5]

Sensation - Introduction to Psychophysics : Basic concept and methods.


Attention - (a) Function of attention : Divided attention, Selective attention,
(b) Theories of attention process, (c) signal detection theory and vigilance.
Perception approaches - Gestalt Up (Feature analysis, Template matching,
prototypes) Top Down and Pandemonium.
Perception - Cross cultural studies.
Application - Subliminal perception, perceptual defence, and extra sensory
perception.

Unit 2 : PROBLEM SOLVING CREATIVITY AND DECISION MAKING:


2.1]
2.2]
2.3]
2.4]
2.5]

Problem - Definition, problem solving cycle, types, obstacles and aids.


Problem solving approaches - Algorithm : heuristics ; means end analysis,
computer simulation and analogy.
Definition of creativity, measurment creativity.
Reasoning and decision making : Types of reasoning syllogistic and conditional ;
factors influencing decision making.
Application : Artificial intelligence.

Unit 3 : RELIABILITY VALIDITY :


3.1]
3.2]
3.3]
3.4]
3.5]

Definition and types of Reliability and validity.


Correlation co-efficient : meaning, statistical significance, reliability co efficient.
Reliability of speeded tests and sample tested.
Content discription, validation, criterian prediction, construct identification,
procedures.
Using reliability information and test validity and decision theory.

Unit 4 : CORRELATION AND REGRESSION :


4.1]
4.2]
4.3]
4.4]
4.5]
4.6]

Concept and Meaning of correlation.


Pearsons product moment correlation.
Point Biserial correlation and phi co-efficient.
Bi serial and tetra choric correlation.
Partial and multiple correlation.
Simple linear Regression : concept and uses

Unit 5 : INFERENTIAL STATISTICS :


5.1]
5.2]
5.3]
5.4]
5.5]

Inferences - Standard error of mean and other statistics.


Significance of difference for means variances and correlation co-efficients.
Assumptions of Analysis of variance, and one way ANOVA Independent, Concept
of repeated measures.
Two way ANOVA Independent, Concept of repeated measures
Analysis of Covariance : Concept.
58

Unit 6 : TYPES OF MEMORY AND NEUROLOGI CAL BASIS OF


LEARNING AND MEMORY :
6.1]
6.2]
6.3]
6.4]
6.5]

Sensory memory, Iconic memory, echoic STM, LTM, With types and determinants
of memory.
Brain area associated with learning and memory.
Types of Amnesia after concussion (Anterograde, Retrograde) Korsakoff,
Alzheimers disease. Studies on role of brain in learning and conditioning.
Synaptic mechanisms and synaptic plasticity of learning and memory.
Application : Neuro lignguistic programming.

Unit 7 : EXPERIMENTAL QUST EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS :


7.1]
7.2]

7.3]
7.4]

7.5]

Experimental designs : Definition, principles and functions.


Between group designs : Randomized group designs, Block group designs,
Blockdesigns (a) Two group designs, (b) Randomized block designs with more than
two groups.
Factorial designs : Simple factorial designs, Factorial designs with covariate,
randomized block factorial designs.
Characteristics of and Types of Quasi experimental designs, Non equivalent control
group designs, discontinuity, aromotion designs
time series designs, cohort
designs, Pre test Post test design.
Scaling, purpose, Psychophysical scaling psychological scaling, Thurston type scale and Likert types scale.

Unit 8 : SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH :


8.1]
8.2]
8.3]
8.4]
8.5]

Definition Method and problems of social psychology.


Social perception, self perception, social cognition, Attribution process.
Attitude measurement, change, components, prejudices and discrimination.
Interpersonal attraction and communication, Need for social attraction, factors
underline inter personal attraction. Altruism, Types of Communication.
Group dynamics and leadership, Group structure influence, leadership functions
theories and types, function and types of group.

Unit 9 : PERSONALITY :
9.1]
9.2]
9.3]
9.4]
9.5]

Approaches and methods.


Dispositional and psychoanalytical perspective.
Social and cognitive learning perspective.
Biological perspective and Neo psychoanalytical perspective.
Phenomenological and exintential perspective.

*******

59

Political Science
Module - I :- Political Theory

1)
2)
3)
4)

Liberalism
Marxism
Democracy
Nationalism

Module - II :- Political Thinkers


A.

Western Political Thinkers


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

B.

Plato
Aristotle
Machiavelli
Rousseau
Karl Marx
J.S. Mill

Indian Political Thinkers


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

B. G. Tilak
M.K. Gandhi
V. D. Sawarkar
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Jawaharlal Nehru
Abul Kalam Azad

Module - III :- Public Administration


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Basic Concepts of Public Administration


Theories of Organization
Personnel Administration
Financial Administration
Development Administration
Bureaucracy
Good Governance
Public Policy- Models
Public Policy in India

60

Module IV: International Relations :


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

Approaches to Study of International Relations


Power, Interest and Ideology in International Relations
Arms and Wars Arms Control and Disarmament
Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
United Nations
Regional Organizations
Political Economy of International Relations
Globalization and non State actors

Module V :- Comparative Politics :


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Approaches to the Study of Comparative Politics


Constitutionalism
Forms of Government
Organs of Government
Electoral Systems and Party Systems
Bureaucracy
Dependency - Development and Underdevelopment

Module - VI :- Political Sociology :


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Intellectual Foundations Karl Marx, Max Weber


Political Culture, Political Socialization
Political Communication and Political Participation
Power, Authority and Legitimacy
Ideology and Hegemony
Political Elite
State and Welfare State
Social Movements
Bureaucracy

Module VII :- Politics in India :


1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Nature of Indian Constitution


Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
Federalism
Organs of Government
Electoral System and party system
Regionalism and National Integration
Panchayat Raj Institutions

******
61

Defence and Strategic Studies


1.

Strategic Studies :
a.
b.
c.
d.

e.

2.

Strategic Studies : Assumptions and Approaches.


Theories & Causes of War - Nature of Contemporary Warfare.
Deterrence : Concept, Nuclear Deterrence and Current Referance.
Nuclear Strategy : Historical Background - US - Nuclear Strategy - Soviet
Nuclear Strategy - Russian Nuclear policy making - Chinese Nuclear Strategy Indian Nuclear Strategy - Pakistans Nuclear Strategy
Strategic Studies in the post cold war era.

Global and National Security :


a.

b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

h.

Key concept of National Security : (i) Balance of power ,(ii) Collective Security
(iii) United Nations ,(iv) Non alignment , (v) equal security , (vi) Common
security.
Approaches to peace :(i) Diplomacy, (ii) International law, (iii) United Nations,
(iv) Arms control and Disarmaments, (v) Track II diplomacy.
Human Rights : child, woman, sustainable communities and war.
Environmental issues : Global warming, Desertification, land sliding, acid rain,
Transportation.
Organized Crimes : Money laundering, Narco trafficing and arms Trading.
International Terrorism : Impact and controlling measures.
Problems of Indias Internal Security and the Role of the state political,
economic, socio-cultural and other Dimensions, Terrorism, insurgency,
Naxalist.
Defence Organization of India.
i) Higher Defence organization in India.
ii) Ministry of Defence.
iii) Paramilitary Forces.
iv) Intelligence Agencies.
v) Kargil Review Committee Recommendations.

j.

Indias External Security :


i) India and the United States (Post 1990-91).
ii) India and Russia (Post 1990-91)
iii) India and the Asia pacific (Post 1990-91)
iv) India and Europe (Post 1990-91)
v) India and West Asia (Post 1990-91)
vi) SAARC.

3.

International Relations :
a. Theories and Approaches.
b. Cold war - Defence-New cold war-1989 changes in East Europe, Soviet
disintegration.
c. Developments in the Third world : Regionalism, and Nonalignment.
d. Evaluation of International economic issues. Breton woods system; NIEO; NorthSouth : GATT and WTO.
e. New world order and Globalization.
62

4.

Geo-politics and Military Geography :


a. Scope and importance of Geo-politics.
b. Evaluation of Geo-political Thoughts. Since the 19th century-Geo-politics during
the cold war period Geopolitics in the post cold war Era.
c. Role of Geography in Military Applications.
d. Man and Environment : (i) Determinism (ii) Positivism
f. Planning process and principles of strategic Geography.
g. Weather conditions of sea as factors in amphibious and Air borne operations.
i. Military Geography of India and Defence problems.

5.

Defence economics & Production :


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Contemporary economic Theories.


Determinants of Defence Expenditure.
Indias Defence Budget.
Economic Instruments of policy.
An analysis of Indias Defence expenditures since 1947.
Defence and Development.
(i) Future Technology and Defence Expenditure. (Nuclear, Space, Dual
Technology).
(ii) Gun Butter problem.

6.

Indian Art of War :


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Art of war in Ancient period : (Vedic and Epic period).


Art of war in Medieval period of India.
Art of Maratha warfare.
The other regional Military traditions of Medieval period in India.
British period : The Making of the British Military forces - The command structure
of British companys Army - The British Military - operations in the 19th century.
f. British Indian Army.
g. Indian National Army.

7.

Science, Technology and National Security :


a. Introduction to Military Technology - Its relevance to National Security.
b. Introduction to emerging Technologies.
(i) Energy
(ii) Electronics, Computers, Nanotech, and Artificial Intelligence.
(iii) Material science.
(iv) Biotechnology.
c. Application of Technologies to :
(i) Armament and weapon systems.
(ii) Missile Technology
(iii) Communications and Radar Technology
(iv) Electronic warfare and Information warfare.
(v) RNBC warfare & Nuclear Energy.
(vi) Aircraft and ships.
(vii) Satellite and space Technology
(viii) Intelligance
63

(ix) Logistics (Transport, Supplies, Inventory, Medical, Repair, Clothing and


equipment).
(x) Border Management.
d. Impact of Developing Technologies on Military Doctrine and Conduct of warfare.
e. Application of New Technologies for internal security, Disaster Management,
Training and Administration.
f. Non-Military use of Modern Technologies and their impact on National security (
Power and Energy, Trade, Economy, Banking, Media etc.)

8.

Strategy for peace and conflict Resolution :


a. Conceptual Analysis of conflict and peace.
b. Conflict management and conflict Resolution.
c. UN system-pacific settlement of Disputes-peace keeping, peace making and
Adjudication.
d. Disarmament and Arms Control.
e. Confidence Building measures.
f. Functional Approaches and Regionalism.
g. Gandhian Approach & its relevance today.
h. Comprehensive Security and Human Security
i. Peace Research and peace movements.

*******

64

Economics
Unit 1: Micro and Macro Economics :

Demand Theory: Marshallian & Hicksian Approaches


Theory of Production - Homogeneous, CES, Cobb Douglas
Theory of Cost Traditional Theory and Modern Theory of Cost including
Engineering Cost
Market Structure Perfect Competition Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition
and Oligopoly
Output and Employment, Aggregate Demand and Supply
Income, Consumption and Investment Demand Theory
Inflation and Unemployment
Theories of Business Cycles

Unit 2: International Trade, International Finance :

Modern theory of trade and trade Policy


Intra-Industry Trade, Free Trade versus Protection, Analysis of gains from free trade
Theories of Balance of Payment and exchange rate determination
Policy Conflicts and Adjustment under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates
International Financial Institutions Asian Development Bank, World Bank &
WTO, IMF:

Unit 3: Money, Public Finance, Development and Growth Theory :

Demand for Money Overview of development of monetary theory and major issues
Classical and Neo-classical theories of Money
Money in Keynesian Framework: Liquidity Preference (L-P) Theory and Further
Developments in L-P approach
New Monetarism and its critique
Theory of Money Supply, Money Multiplier Process, Exogeneity of Money
Supply
Reformulation of Quantity Theory-Chicago School
Fiscal and Monetary Policy Approaches, Fiscal Federalism
Tax reforms, Central Government Finances
Public Expenditure, Structure and Growth
Theories of under-development, Hirschman, Rostow, Lewis, Gunder Frank,
Myrdal, Harris-Tadaro
Growth Theories-- Classical, Neo-classical, Keynesian, Post-Keynesian and New
Growth Theories, Sustainable Development

Unit 4: Indian Economic Policy :

Indian Economy-An Overview


Poverty, Income Distribution
Migration and Demographic Transition
Development Strategy Over the Plans,Economic Reforms, Plans after Reforms
Financing of Infrastructure Development, Education Sector
65

PSUs, Privatization and Disinvestment


Patterns (structure) of lndia's Foreign Trade - Volume, Trends, composition,
direction, etc., Export Performance and Export Competitiveness
India's Trade Policy: Review of Pre- and Post-liberalization - Exim Policies,
Export Promotion Policies, SEZs; Tariff Structure, RTAs and FTAs
India and WTO: Uruguay Round, Highlights of Ministerial Meetings: Singapore
to Hong Kong, Concerns of Advanced Countries (ACs) and Developing
Countries (DCs), The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) and Concerns of India
Land Reforms in India and their impact on Agrarian Structure
Agricultural price policy in India
Nature and Problems of Rural Development in India
Rural industrialization and strategies
Rural poverty and Rural employment programmes
Indian Industry and Structural Changes
Monetary Policy in India since Independence Role and Functioning of the
Reserve Bank of India

Unit 5: Statistical Techniques :

Descriptive Statistics :
Collection, Organization and presentation of Data, Measures of central tendency
and dispersion- mean, median, mode, standard,
Deviation, variance, covariance and correlation coefficients, Correlation and
regression analysis, Measures of skewness and peaked ness.
Sampling and sampling methods :
Sample and Population, Parameters and Statistics, Variables and Attributes;
sampling and non-sampling errors; Types of sampling
Theory of Probability :
Probability, distribution, Events spaces. Joint, Margianal and Conditional
Probability under conditions of certainty and uncertainty. Random variable:
Expectation and Distribution. Addition and Multiplication Theorems. Probability
Distribution, discreet and continuous and Expected values.
Probability Distribution Function :
Binomial, Poisson, Normal t-test, chi-square, t-test
Statistical Estimation and Testing of Hypothesis :
Types of estimators and their properties. Sampling distribution for sample mean
and Proportion. Point and Interval estimation. Null and Alternate Hypothesis.
Level of significance and Level of confidence, Confidence limits and Critical,
Region; Tests of significance- Type I and II errors
Times series
Nature and decomposition of a time series-trend. Cyclical, seasonal and random
components. Fitting trend curves.
Index numbers
Laspeyers, Paasches andFishers Indices

66

History
Section I : Ancient Indian History (Pre history to 1206 A.D.)
Sources : Literary, Epigraphically, Coinage and Accounts of Foreign travelers.
Polity

: Mauryan Administration.
Administration of Satvhanas
Administration of Guptas.
Administration of Vardhana dynasty.
Administration - Cholas, Pallvas, and Rastrakutas.
Administration of Yadavs.

Society : Social and cultural life in Vedic Age


Social, Cultural conditions during Maurya period
Socio Cultural and Economic life during Gupta age.
Education in Ancient India.
Caste system in Ancient India.
Position of women in Ancient India.
Socio Religious and economic conditions under the Yadavas.
Economy : Industries, Internal and foreign Trade in Ancient India.
Religion : Vedic Religion, Buddhism and Jainism
Art and Architecture in Ancient India,
Growth of cities and urbanization in Ancient India.
Recent trends and advances in Ancient Indian History.
Section 2 : Medieval Indian History (1206 A.D. to 1800 A.D.)
Section - 2A :
Sources

: Literary, Epigraphically, Coinage, Accounts of foreign travelers etc.

Polity

: System of Government during Sultanate period, Provincial Administration,


Revenue System of Delhi Sultanate.

Society

Central Administration under the Mughals.


Provincial and Revenue Administration under the Mughals.
Administration of Rajputs.
Central and provincial Administration of Muslim States in Deccan.
Judicial Administration under Delhi Sultanate.
Judiciary under the Mughals, and also under Vijayanagar kings.
Military Administration under Vijaynagar kings.
: Social conditions in India under the Delhi Sultanate.
Position of women under the Delhi Sultanate.
Education in India during Sultanate period.
Socio Cultural life in India under the mughals.
Position of women and Education in India during Mughal period
Fairs and festivals.
Bhakti Movement in Medieval India,
Sufism in medieval India during Sultanate period and Mughal period.
Social structure in Medieval India during Mughal Period.
Education in India under Sultan of Delhi & the Mughals
67

: Industries, trade and commerce in India during Sultanate period &


Mughal period.
Architecture and Sculpture in Medieval India.
Growth of urbanization in Medieval India.
Recent trends and advances in research in medieval Indian History.

Economy

Section 2 B : History of the Marathas (1630 1818)


Sources of Maratha History :
Central -provincial Administration under Marathas,
Military administration of the Marathas,
Revenue system under the Marathas,
Social Structure and caste system in Maratha country,
System of Vatandari.
Position of Women in Maratha country.
Education system under the Marathas.
Industries, internal and foreign trade of the Marathas,
Banking system in Maratha Country,
Growth of religion in Medieval Maharashtra.
Judiciary under the Marathas.
Recent trends and advances in research in Maratha History.
Section 03 : India under East India Company Section 03A :
Administration of India under East India Company
Socio Economic policies.
Growth of education in India under East India company.
Section 3B : Colonial Period Growth of Education in India up to Indian Independence.
Social awakening in India.
Social structure in India under British rule.
Rise and Growth of Nationalism in India.
Different Phases of Indian National Movement in India.
Factors leading to the Partition of India.
Growth of press in India under British rule,
Growth of Industries, trade and commerce in India under British rule.
Recent trends and advances in research in Modern Indian History.
Section 3C : Constitution of India
Growth of Industries, trade, Road and transport system during post
independence period.
Foreign Policies of India with Pakistan, China, Afganistan, Burma, Ceylon,
Nepal, Bhutan.
Growth of Science and Technology in India.
Section 04

: Theories of History and Research Methodology -

68

Section 4A

: Theories of History
Nature and scope of History,
Philosophy and Theories of History,
Positivism in History,
Post Modernism and History.

********

69

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70

|| ||

NORTH MAHARASHSTRA UNIVERSITY


SYLLABUS FOR Ph. D.
ENTRANCE TEST

PAPER II
FACULTY : ARTS & FINE ARTS

71

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73

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76

English
Unit - I :
History of English Literature from the Age of Chaucer to the Modern Age.
Unit II :
English Language Studies.
Unit III :
Indian Writing in English.
Unit IV :
American Literature.
Unit V :
New Literatures in English (Major African, Caribbean, Latin American, Canadian and
Australian writers and their works).
Unit VI :
Literary Criticism from Aristotle to T.S. Eliot.
Unit VII :
Modern Critical Theories.
Unit VIII :
Comparative Literature : Concepts and Major Applications.
Unit IX :
Translation Studies : Concepts and Major Applications.
Unit X :
Cultural Studies : Concepts and Relevance.

********

77

URDU

78

79

80

81

Mass Communication and Journalism


Part 1: Communication :
1) Nature, process and types of communication
2) Models and theories of communication
3) Mass Media: types, evolution, role in India
4) Effects of mass media: various studies and theories
5) Traditional and folk media
6) New Trends in Communication
Part 2: Research Methodology :
1) Definition Elements of research.
2) Methods of communication Research.
3) Tools of Data collection.
4) Review of literature, referencing, bibliography etc .
5) Different types of media research: print, electronic, Internet, Audience Studies etc.
Part 3: News Reporting and Editing :
1) News: Definition, Concept, elements, Values etc.
2) Types of Reporting
3) Specialized Reporting: Investigative, Development, Interpretative, Agricultural,
Sports etc.
4) Writing news for various Medias: Print, Radio, Television, Internet.
5) Editing: Meaning, purposes, tools, types etc.
Part 4: Print Journalism :
1) History of the print media in India, contemporary trends, esp. in Maharashtra, wellknown Print journalists in the country and their work.
2) Organizational Structure and management of a newspaper office: various
functionaries, their role, relationship between various departments, financial
management of a newspaper
3) Role of newspapers in Indian society: political, social, cultural, etc.
4) Periodicals in India: types of periodicals, major periodicals in Marathi, Hindi and
English
5) Press Commission, Press Council.
6) New Trends in Marathi Journalism.
Part 5: Broadcast Journalism (Radio and TV) :
1) Technological developments in broadcasting and their impact on broadcasting
2) Public Service Broadcasting: its nature, role and responsibility in India
3) Commercial Broadcasting in India: beginning, growth, impact, laws and
regulations Governing them
4) Broadcast programming: current trends, their impact on society

Part 6: Advertising and Public Relations :


82

1)Evolution and growth of advertising, definitions of advertising, types of advertising.


2) Ad agency management
3) Mass media laws concerning advertising.
4) Public Relations: Definitions, role of PR in an organization, importance of PR
professional, PR tools
5) Current trends in PR: corporate sector Govt. sector etc.
6) Event management, Crisis management, Media relations.
Part 7: Media Laws and Ethics :
1) Constitutional provisions regarding Journalism and mass media
2) Various Laws: e.g. defamation, sedition, IPR, Right to Privacy, Right to
Information, censorship and self regulation
3) Mass Media Ethics: code of conduct, Sting Operations etc.
Part 8: New Media Technology :
1) Communication Technology: concept & scope.
2) Internet: LAN, MAN, WAN, E-mail, web
3) Types of Internet connections.
4) Web page, websites, Home pages.
5) Cyber Journalism, Online editions of newspapers, web ports etc.
6) Cyber Laws & regulation

******

83

Library and Information Science


Uniitt 1 :
Information, Information Science, Information Society, Information as a commodity,
Economic Aspects of Information, Information Transfer cycle, Information Generation,
Information Collection, Information Dissemination. Role of Information in Planning and
Decision-making. Communication: its components, channels, barriers. Intellectual Property
Rights: Concept Copyright, Censorship: print and non-print media. Indian National
Information Policy.
Uniitt 2 :
LIS Education in India, LIS Profession, Library movement and Library legislation in India.
National and International Associations in Library profession. ILA, IASLIC, FID, IFLA,
ALA, UNESCO. Standardization: ISBN, ISSN , ISBD,
Uniitt 3 :
Sources of Information: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary, Printed and Non-printed Sources.
Reference Sources: Bibliographical Sources: Bibliographies, Union Catalogue, Abstracting
Journals, Indexing Journals. E-Documents: E-books, E-journals. Database: Manual and
Electronic.
Uniitt 4 :
Indexing languages and Vocabulary control. Indexing languages: Types- Derived and
Assigned. Features of Indexing. Vocabulary control: Thesaurus, Subject Headings,
Thesaurofacet, Classaurus. Database Searching: Boolean Search Operators. Information
Retrieval (IR), Types of IR system. Library classification Schemes: DDC, CC,
Characteristics of classification. Cataloguing and Cataloguecode - CCC, AACR II.
Uniitt 5 :
Information and Reference Services, Bibliographic Services, Indexing and Abstracting
Services, CAS, SDI, Bulletin Board Services, On-line Information Services,
Uniitt 6 :
Management, Principles of Management, Approaches to Management (School of thoughts)
Planning, Decision-Making. Library Organizational Structure System Analysis and Design:
System Approach, Library as a System, PERT CPM, Human Resources Management:
Manpower Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Manpower Recruitment, Motivation,
Training and Development, Leadership. Delegation of Authority: Purpose of Delegation,
Power, Authority, Accountability and Responsibility, Role of Library and Librarian in
Accountability and Responsibility. Financial Management: Resource Generation, Resource
Mobilization, Budgeting-Types of Budgets, Budgetary Control, Cost Benefit analysis,
outsourcing. Total Quality Management(TQM): Types of Quality, Aspects of Quality,
Elements of TQM, Tools of TQM, Quality Audit. Performance Evaluation of Libraries and
Information Centres and Services, Evaluation of Library Services and Products, Marketing of
Information Products and Services. Information Resources Management. Knowledge
Management. Collection, Development: Policies, Procedures, Collection of Non-Book
Materials. Recent Management Techniques: Six Sigma, Brain Storming, Mind Mapping.

84

Uniitt 7 :
Impact of IT on Library/Libraries. Network Topologies. Types of Networks. Library
Networking and Networks. Hypertext, Hypermedia, Multimedia, Integrated Services Digital
Networks (ISDN), Open System Interconnections (OSI), Digital Library, Virtual Library,
Library Automation, Library Softwares, SOUL. Role of INFLIBNET in Libraries
Automation in India. Internet: Components, Services, Browsing, Search Engines, Meta-data,
Open Source Softwares, Current Trends in IT.
Uniitt 8 :
Types of Research: Basic, Applied, Interdisciplinary. Research Design, Scientific Method,
Hypothesis, Data Collection, Sampling. Research Methods: Historical, Descriptive, Case
study and Experimental. Research Data Collection Techniques: Questionnaire, Interviews,
Observations, Library Records, Fields Studies. Data Analysis: Statistical Method, Inferences,
Bibliometrics, Report Writing. Research Ethics, Use and Users studies, Contents Analysis,
Future Research: Delphi Techniques. Styles Manual: Chicago, APA, MLA. Citations Styles:
Footnotes, References. Current Trends in LIS Research
Uniitt 9 :
Users education and Information Literacy : Concept, need and purpose. Methods of Imparting
Information Literacy Programmes. Contents of Information Literacy Porgrammes.

*******

85

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NORTH MAHARASHSTRA UNIVERSITY


SYLLABUS FOR Ph. D.
ENTRANCE TEST

PAPER II
FACULTY : LAW

86

Law
1.

Jurisprudence :
Nature and Sources of Law.
Schools of Jurisprudence
Theories of Law
Rights and duties
Ownership and possession
Property.

2.

Constitutional Law of India :


Preamble
Fundamental Rights and Duties
Legislative Relations between the union and states.
Judiciary and Executive
Amendment of the Constitution

3.

Law of Crimes- General Principles :


Nature and definition of offences
General exceptions
Common intention and common object
Abatement, criminal conspiracy
Offences against human body.
Offences against women
Offences against property

4.

Law of Contract- General Principles :


Essentials of valid contract
Offer, Acceptance and Consideration
Capacity to contract
Elements responsible for vitiating contracts
Remedies for breach of Contracts

5.

Family Laws :
Sources of Family law in India relating to Hindus, Muslims and Christians
Concepts in Family Law- Marriage, Diverse, Maintenance, Succession and
inheritance, Adoption and Guardianship

6.

Law of Torts :
Definition of Torts and its essentials
General Defenses in an action for torts
Absolute and strict liability
Vicarious liability
Remoteness of damage

87

7.

Legal Research Methodology :


Nature and importance of Legal Research
Scientific method, formulation of Research Problem, hypothesis
Legal Research Design, Sampling Design for legal Research.
Techniques of Data Collection and report writing.

8.

Law and Social Transformation in India :


Law as an Instrument of Social Change and social ordering.
Religion and Law

: Secularism , Freedom of Religion, Religious minorities.

Community and Law : Caste as divisive factor, protective discrimination.


Women and law

: Crimes against women, Gender justice, Empowerment of


women.

Child and law

: Child labour, sexual exploitation, child and education.

********

88

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NORTH MAHARASHSTRA UNIVERSITY


SYLLABUS FOR Ph. D.
ENTRANCE TEST

PAPER II
FACULTY : COMMERCE & MANAGEMENT

89

Commerce and Management


Marketing Management :
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Marketing Mix (4 P's of Marketing & 7 P's of Services Marketing), Market


Segmentation, Product Life Cycle,
Introduction of New Product into the Market Place, Product/Brand Positioning,
Advertising, Sales Promotion, Personal Selling, Direct Marketing, Publicity.
Current Trends in Marketing (Advertising & Retailing on the Net, CRM, Green
Marketing, Turbo Marketing, Holistic Marketing)

Finance and Accounts :


i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Journal, Ledger, Cash Book, Trial Balance, Book Keeping, Assets and Liabilities.
Nature and scope of Financial Management Objectives of Financial
Management.
Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Funds Flow and Cash Flow
Statements Economic Value Addition
Working Capital Management Determinants and Financing of Working Capital
Cash Management Receivables Management Inventory Management.

Computer Management :
i.

ii.
iii.

iv.

Special Topics in Database Management: Object oriented database systems and


Distributed data-base systems, Transaction Concepts, Deadlock, Detection &
recovery, Schedules concurrency, Crash recovery, Recovery concepts
techniques- checkpoint , Recovery with concurrent transaction (rollback,
commits),Catastrophic failure
Client Server technology: Client- server information system, client server
architecture, Database middleware components.
Software Inspection, Quality Assurance & Testing, Software Review & Inspection
process, Software Quality Assurance Quality plan, Quality metric, Software
testing purpose, levels of testing, test cases, types of testing.
Web Application: HTML, Basic principles of web design, e-Commerce, On line
Business application, Use of Internet.

Human Resource Management :


i.
ii.

iii.
iv.

Human Resource Management (HRM)-Significance, Objectives, Functions.


Sources of Recruits, Recruiting methods, Selection procedure, Selection tests,
Placement and Follow-up, Development of Personnel-Objectives, Determining
Needs, Methods of Training & Development programmes, Evaluation
Performance Appraisal System-Importance and Objectives, Techniques of
appraisal system, Concept of career; Career planning and Development.
Collective Bargaining-Concept, Process, Pre-requisites, New trends in collective
bargaining.
*******
90

|| ||

NORTH MAHARASHSTRA UNIVERSITY


SYLLABUS FOR Ph. D.
ENTRANCE TEST

PAPER II
FACULTY : PHARMACY

91

Pharmacy
Drug Regulatory Affairs:
Development, manufacturing standards, Q.C. limits of Pharmaceutical products and medical
devices, labeling of Pharmaceutical products, and the storage as per the pharmacopoeial and
other regulatory requirements. Drugs and Cosmetics Act and rules with respect to
manufacture sales and storage. Pharmacy Act, Pharmaceutical ethics, Indian Patent Act 1970,
its amendments, concepts of IPR, criteria for granting patents and filing a Indian patent, PCT,
Patent infringement. INDA/NDA/ANDA filing. Para-I, II, III, IV filing. Hatch-Waxman
amendments. Introduction to Patent Search. OECD guidelines for chemical testing pertaining
to use as drug, related substances, excipients, toxicity, etc. WHO guidelines for
standardization of raw material and finished products including herbal products.

Pharmaceutical Analysis:
Principles, instrumentation and applications of the following: Absorption spectroscopy (UV,
visible and IR), Fluorimetry, Flame Emission, Atomic Emission, Electro analytical Techniques.
Pharmacopoeial assays. Principles of NMR, ESR, Mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis
and different chromatographic techniques and methods, Thermal Techniques. Methods to
determine, kidney & liver function, Lipid tests and Immunological Assays. Principles and
methods of Pharmacopoeial microbiological assays. Serological and diagnostics tests. Principles
and methods for biomolecular screening of targeted biological activity.

Clinical pharmacy:
Therapeutic drug monitoring (dosage regimen in pregnancy and lactation , pediatrics and
geriatrics ). Renal and Hepatic impairment drug- drug interaction and drug food interaction ;
adverse drug reaction , medication history, interview and patient counseling.

Statistical Analysis:
Design of experiments, optimization techniques, correlation of data . Parametric and non
parametric test. Statistical interpretations , hypothesis testing, level of significance.

Pharmaceutics:
Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics and their importance in formulation. Formulation and
preparation of cosmetics, lipstick, shampoo, creams, nail preparation and dentrifrices,
pharmaceutical calculations.

Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry:


Introduction to drug design, Introduction to QSAR, Stereochemistry of drug molecules

Drug Design:
Direct Drug Design ( Structure based) ND Indirect Drug Design, Target Selection and Lead
Identification i) Natural Product Sources ii) Fermentation/ microbial sources iii) Synthetic
92

QSAR:
Parameters, Lipophilicity, partition coefficient, electronic and steric, polarizability,
Quantitative models : Hansch analysis, free- Wilson analysis, mixed approach Application of
Hansch analysis, free Wilson analysis.

Stereochemistry of drug molecules:


A general study of co-relation of physicochemical properties and stereochemistry and drug
action. Isosterism and bio-isosterism as guides to structural variations, metabolite,
antagonism and theory of drug action.

Pharmacology:
General Pharmacology, preclinical and clinical testing of drugs,

Pharmacognosy:
Standardization of raw material and herbal products, WHO guidelines for standardization,
quantitative microscopy including modern techniques used for evaluation. Biotechnological
principles and techniques for plant development and tissue culture, Ethnobotany and
ethnopharmacology, professional and nonprofessional traditional systems of medicine; herbal
drug standardization, WHO guidelines for quality assurance of herbal drugs, microscopical
techniques used in evaluation of herbal drugs; extraction techniques such as Soxhlet
extraction, microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, solid phase extraction;
Chromatographic separation techniques such as HPTLC, HPLC and GC, and their principles
and application to the plant products; chemistry of tropane and indole alkaloids, chemistry of
pentacyclic triterpenoids; nutraceuticals and functional foods; methods of conservation of
biodiversity

*******

93

Syllabus for Paper II of Entrance Examination for


Ph.D. in Computer Science/Information Technology under the Faculty of
Science & Computer Engineering/Information Technology under the
faculty of Engineering & Technology
_____________________________________________________________________
Each section contains 20 marks each
1. Theoretical Computer Science (TCS)
Unit-I :
Sets, relations, functions, graphs, trees, mathematical induction,Finite Automata(FA),
definition, description, transition systems, acceptability of a string, NFA, DFA, equivalence
of DFA and NFA, Melay Moore model, minimization of automaton, Applications.
Unit-II :
Formal languages, Chomsky classification of languages, languages, their relation and
automaton.
Unit-III :
Regular expressions, FA and regular expressions, pumping lemma for regular sets,
applications of pumping lemma, closure properties of regular sets, regular sets and regular
grammars.
Unit-IV :
CFLs and derivation trees, ambiguity in Context-Free Grammars (CFGs), simplification of
CFGs, Normal Forms for CFGs(CNF and GNF), pumping lemma for CFLs, decision
algorithms for CFLs.
Unit-V :
Pushdown Automaton (PDA), informal description, basic definitions, acceptance by a PDA,
PDA and CFLs.
Unit-VI :
Turing Machine, Model, computable languages and function, representation of TMs,
Language Acceptability by TMs, Design of TM, Halting Problem of TMs.

2.

Operating Systems

Unit-I :
Introduction
Introduction to operating System, operating system need and services, O.S. Classification,
single user, multi user, simple batch processing, multi programming, multitasking, Parallel
system, Distributed system, Real time system, Embedded Operating system.
Unit-II :
Process Management
Process concept, process scheduling thread, overview of Inter process communication, CPU
scheduling Basic concept scheduling criteria, multiple processor scheduling, scheduling
Algorithm, the critical section problem, semaphores.
Unit-III :
Memory Management
Single partition allocation, multiple partition allocation, Logical versus physical address
space, swapping, partitioning, paging and segmentation, virtual memory, Demand paging,
page replacement algorithm, allocation algorithm, thrashing.
Unit-IV :
File and Device management
File Concept, file protection, allocation methods, configuration, linked and index allocation.
Directory structure single level, two level, tree structure, cyclic graph and general graph
directory, Free space management, device management, Disk structure, disk scheduling,
FCFS scheduling SSTF scheduling, SCAN scheduling, C-SCAN scheduling, Look
scheduling, C-LOOK scheduling, disk scheduling algorithms.
Unit-IV:
Dead Locks
Deadlock characteristics, prevention, avoidance, detection and Recovery, Synchronization
hardware, combine approach deadlock handling, safe and unsafe state, Bankers Algorithm.

3.

Database Management Systems

Unit-I :
Basic concepts, Database & Database Users, Characteristics of the database, Database
concepts an architecture, Data Models, Schemas and instances, DBMS architectures and Data
Independence, Database languages and Interface, Data modeling using the relationship
approach. Hierarchical and Network Model.
Unit-II :
Relational Model, Languages & systems, Relational Data Model, Relational algebra,
Relational Model Concepts, Relational Model Constraints, SQL: A Relational database
language, DDL, DCL, DML, Specifying constraints and indexes.
Unit-III :
Security and Integrity: Domain Constraints, Referential Integrity, Assertions, Triggers, Type
of Authorization, Views, Encryptions and Authentication.
Unit-IV :
Relational Database Design, Functional Dependency, Normal Forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, 4NF,
5NF, BCNF), Comparison between various normal forms.
Decomposition: Lossless, dependency preservation, Repetition of Information, Closure and
Canonical Cover.
Unit-V :
Transactions, ACID Property of Transactions, Transactions state diagram, Database
Recovery, Crash and recovery classifications, Recovery techniques Log based recovery,
shadow paging, Database buffering, Log buffering, OS rule in buffering.
Unit VI :
Concurrency control, Serial Schedule, Concurrent Schedule, View Serializabiliity, conflict
Serializabiliity, Recoverable schedule and Cascade Less schedule.
Concurrency Handling Protocols Locking protocol: 2PC, Variation of 2PC, Graph Based
Protocol, Timestamp Protocol, Multiple Granularity protocol, Validation Based Protocol,
Deadlock Handling.

4.

System Programming

Unit-I :
Introduction
Definition, Components of System Software, Evolution of System Software, The model of
Computer System, Introduction to software processors, Translators and Loaders.
Unit-II :
Assembler :
Elements of Assembly Language programming, Overview of Assembly Process, Design of
Two Pass Assembler, Macros and Marco Processors.
Unit-III :
Compiler
Aspect of Compilation, Overview of compilation process, Lexical analysis, Syntax analysis,
Memory Allocations, Compilation of expression, Intermediate code for expression,
Compilation of control structures, Code optimization.
Unit-IV :
Interpreters
Pure and Impure Interpreters, Advantages of Interpreters.
Unit-V :
Linkers and Loaders
Loading, Linking and Relocation, Linking and Loading Scheme, Program Revocability,
Loader Scheme, Compile and go loader, General loader scheme, Absolute loaders,
Relocation loader, Direct linking loader, Other loader schemes: Binders, Linking loader,
Overlays, Dynamic Binders.
Unit-VI :
Software Tools
Introduction, Spectrum of software tools, Text Editors, Program Generators, Debug
Monitors, Programming Environment. Lex and YACC packages.

5.

Data and File Structures

Unit-I : Linear data structures


Stack, Queue, Circular Queue, Link list, Circular Link list, Doubly Link list,
Presentation using static and dynamic memory allocation
Operations performed.
Unit-II: Non linear data structures
General Trees, Binary Trees, BST, Heap
Applications of trees
Operations, Trees traversals
Operations on binary trees
Graphs
Representations
Graph traversals
Applications of graphs
Spanning trees
Unit-III: Sorting
Insertion sort
Selection sort
Merge sort
Bubble sort
Quick sort
Heap sort
Radix Sort
Unit-IV: Searching
Sequential search
Binary search
Search trees traversals
Binary trees
Threaded binary search trees
Inserting and deleting nodes in a binary search tree
Balancing binary search tree
Height balanced(AVL) tree: Concept and construction.
Hashing Techniques
Hash function
Address calculation techniques, common hashing functions.
Collision resolution.
Linear probing,Quadratic
Double hashing.
Bucket addressing.
Deletion and rehashing.

Unit-V: File Structures


File systems organization :Sequential, Relative, Indexed and Random access
Sequential organization and access.
Relative file organization
files(ISAM)
Concept of index
Levels of index
Binary search trees as indexes
m-way search tree & Overview of B Trees and B+Trees

NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY, JALGAON


Faculty: Engineering and Technology
Subject: Pharmaceutical Technology
Tablets: Design and formulation, desirable properties of raw materials, types of tablets,
manufacturing and evaluation, recent developments in tabletting. Capsules: Soft gelatin
capsules, excipients, manufacturing, evaluation, Coating sugar, film air suspension coating,
equipment, procedure and evaluation. Novel Drug Delivery System: Concept and System of
Design for the Rate-controlled Drug Delivery, Fundamental of Rate-Controlled Drug Delivery,
Oral Drug Delivery and Delivery systems.

Instrumentation, principle, applications, advantages and disadvantages of the following


sophisticated analytical instruments:- Gas Liquid Chromatography, High Performance Liquid
Chromatography, Infra Red & FTIR Spectroscopy, UV Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron
Microscope, Transform Electron Microscope & Atomic Force Microscopy, XRD crystalline
phase analysis & Particle Size Distribution

NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY, JALGAON


Faculty: Engineering and Technology

Subject: Chemical Engineering and Technology


Fluid Properties: Definition of fluid, Viscosity concept, properties of fluid like mass, density,
specific weight, specific volume, vapour pressure, compressibility, elasticity, surface tension and
capillarity. Types of fluids, Compressible and incompressible, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian
Pressure measurement: Atmospheric, Gauge, Absolute and Vacuum Pressure. Kinematics of
Flow: Velocity concept, Types of flows (Laminar-turbulent, steady-unsteady, two and threedimensional flows, Uniform Non uniform, Rotational Irrotational Flows.), Flow meters.
Pumping equipments for liquid: reciprocating pump, positive displacement, Rotary pumps,
Centrifugal pumps, Air lift pump.
Concept of heat transfer and transport of heat, Fouriers law significance of thermal conductivity
of solid liquid and gases, heat transfer trough plane &composite wall, sphere and cylinder,
Convection: Individual and overall heat transfer coefficients. Natural and forced convection,
laminar and turbulent flow, significance of dimensional numbers,
Radiation: laws of radiation, radiation from solid surfaces types of surfaces. Heat exchange by
radiation between two finite black surfaces, between two infinite parallel surfaces, shape factor.
Distillation: Diffusion, Distillation methods: Differential, flash azeotropic and extractive
distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation, fractional distillation, McCabe Thile method,
Equipment for distillation: packed and plate tower, Types of packings and plates, applications.
Absorption: Mechanism of absorption and application of mass transfer theories. Equipments for
absorption: General construction & working, types of plate and packing, merits & demerits,
operational difficulties. Drying: Drying characteristics of materials, theory and mechanism of
drying, type of Dryers, performance of batch and continuous dryers. Membrane Separation
Techniques: Osmosis, Reverse Osmosis, Ultra Filtration, Electro dialysis, Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography and Supercritical Fluid extraction
Instrumentation, principle, applications, advantages and disadvantages of the following
sophisticated analytical instruments: Gas Liquid Chromatography, High Performance Liquid
Chromatography, Infra Red & FTIR Spectroscopy, UV Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron
Microscope, Transform Electron Microscope & Atomic Force Microscopy, XRD crystalline
phase analysis & Particle Size Distribution
REFERENCE/TEXT BOOKS
1. Unit Operation for Chemical Engg. 5th Edt., Mc Cabe W. L. & Smith J. C.
2. Chemical Engineering Vol. I - V: Richradson & Coulson
3. Mass Transfer Operations: Treybal R. E.
4. Perrys Chemical Engineering Handbook
5. Instrumental analysis by Skoog, & Holler.
6. Instrumental methods of analysis by Willard

NORTH MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY, JALGAON


Faculty: Engineering and Technology
Nanoscience and Technology
Properties of nanomaterials: electronic properties, magnetic properties, mechanical properties,
thermal properties, optical properties, catalysis, role of dimension in nanomaterials
Physical Methods of nano particle synthesis: Inert gas condensation, Arc discharge, RF-plasma,
Plasma arc technique, Ion sputtering, Laser ablation, Laser pyrolysis, Ball Milling, Molecular
beam epitaxy, Chemical vapour deposition method and other variants, Electrodeposition.
Chemical Methods: Metal nanocrystals by reduction, Solvothermal synthesis, Photochemical
synthesis,Electrochemical synthesis, Nanocrystals of semiconductors and other materials by
arrested precipitation,Thermolysis routes, Sonochemical routes, Liquid-liquid interface, Hybrid
methods, Solvated metal atom dispersion, Post-synthetic size-selective processing. Sol- gel,
Micelles and microemulsions, Cluster compounds.
Modern methods for nanomaterials characterizations: Scanning Electron Microscope,Transform
Electron Microscope & Atomic Force Microscopy XRD crystalline phase analysis, Surface
area determination by BET- method, Particle size by light scattering method, Zeta potential

Pre-Ph.D. Entrance Examination Syllabus


Subject: Education
Unit I: Philosophy and Education
Philosophy-meaning
Relationship between Philosophy and Education
Branches of Philosophy
Dimensions of Philosophy
Unit 2: Sociology and Education
Sociology meaning, nature and aims of sociology
Educational Sociology
Culture and Education
Unit3: Psychology and Education
Educational Psychology meaning nature
Learning meaning, nature & Characteristics
Learning Theories Thorndike, Pavlov, Skinner, Insight Tolman, Gagne
Unit 4: National Policy of Education 1985
Knowledge Commission
Unit 5: Teacher Education
Meaning & Nature of Teacher Education, Teacher Education,
Teacher Training, Objectives of Teacher Education
Unit 6: Teaching methods & Strategies Meaning lecture, Demonstration, Team
Teaching, Micro-teaching, Programmed Instruction, CAI
Unit 7: Educational Research Meaning and Characteristics
Unit 8: Types of Research Fundamental, Applied & Action Research
Unit 9: Approaches of Research Qualitative & Quantitative
Qualitative Methods Historical Research, Case Study, Document Analysis
Quantitative Methods Survey method, Comparative and casual comparative
method, Correlational Method, Developmental Method, Experimental Method.
Unit 10: Research Problem:
Selection of Research Problem, Areas of Problem
Sources of Problem
Characteristics of good Problem
Hypothesis Meaning, Characteristics & types of hypothesis
Assumptions - Meaning

Subject: Physical Education


Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

To enable the research students to understand the concept of research and educational
research.
To enable them to understand the process of educational research.
To enable them to identify research area and to formulate the research problem.
To enable them to prepare the research proposal.
To develop the skills and techniques to conduct the research systematic way.

Unit 1: Educational Research

Concept of research
Concept of educational research
Characteristics of educational research
Research and theory development

Unit 2: Approaches of Research (meaning, nature and characteristics)

Fundamental and applied research


Action research
Qualitative and quantitative research

Unit 3: Review of Related Literature

Sources of review of related literature - Library, Internet, Research institutes


Abstract of review of related literature

Unit 4: Research Methodology (meaning & nature) Qualitative methods of Research:

Historical method
Case study
Ethnographic research

Quantitative methods of Research:

Survey method
Comparative & casual comparative method
Experimental method
Quasi experimental method

Unit 5: Research Problem & Hypothesis

Sources of research problem, identification of research problem


Characteristics of research problem

Statement of the problem


Concept of hypothesis & need of hypothesis
Types of hypotheses
Formulation of hypothesis

Unit 6: Sample

Concept of population and sample


Methods of sampling
Size of sample
Characteristics of good sample

Unit 7: Tools and Techniques of Research

Types of tools and techniques


Characteristics of tools of research - reliability & validity

Unit 8: Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Descriptive analysis of data measures of central tendency


Inferential analysis of data Correlation, t test , ANOVA

Unit 9: Research Proposal

Importance of research proposal


Format of research proposal

Unit 10: Skill test & Strength Test

Strength-Rogers Physical Fitness index and suggested change in the P.F.I


test.

Skill test Volleyball body test, Russell and Lunge test, Basket ball Johnson
test, knox test, Tennis Boller Mille test, Dyea Tennis test.

Reference book :1. Mc Buray D.H. Research Methodology Friends Publications New Delhi. 5th
Education.
2. Bhattacharyya D.K. Research Methodology Excel Book New Delhi.
3. Shriram Krishnan D.S. Statistics for Physical Education Friends publications New
Delhi.
4. Sharma S. R. Research Methodology in Physics Education Friends Publications (Ind.)
New Delhi.
5. Moorthy A.M. Statistics in Kinesiology Human Kinetics.
6. Willam J.V. Statistics in kinesiology Human Kinetics.
7. John W. B. & Kahn J. V. Research in Methodology in Education (9 Edition) Prentice
Hall of India New Delhi.
8. Best, J. W. & Kahn (19) Research in Education, New Delhi : Prentice Hall.
9. Buch M.B. (1974) : A Survey of Research in Education : Baroda : CASE

10. Buch M.B. (1974) : Second Survey of Research in Education : Baroda : Society.
11. Buch M.B. (1987) : Third Survey of Research in Education : New Delhi : NCERT
12. Buch M.B. (1991) : Fourth Survey of Research in Education Vol. I & II, New Delhi :
NCERT
13. Buch M.B. (1991) : Fifth Survey of Research in Education Vol. I & II, New Delhi :
NCERT
14. Kreppendorff Klans (1985) : Content Analysis : An Introduction : Sage : London.
15. Gay L.R. (1992) : Educational Research : Competencies for Analysis and application
Columbus : Charles E Merill.
16. Guilford J.P. (1965) : Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, New
York, Megraw Hill.
17. Lokesh Kaul : Methodology of Educational Research : Vikas Publishing House Pvt.
Ltd.
18. Saravanavel : Research Methodolgoy : Kitab Mahal.
19. Soli Shivendra Chandra : Research in Education : Atlantic Publishers.
20. P. N. Pandit : Methodology of Education Research : Mangal Deep publications.
21. John W. Creswell : Research Design : Sage publications.
22. Catherine Marshall : Designing Qualitative Research : Sage.
23. Publication
24. Joseph A. Maxwell : Qualitative Research Design : Sage publication.
25. Kulbir Sing Sidhu : Methodology of Research in Education : Sterling publication.
26. H. E. Garrette Statistics in Education and Psychology :

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