Genetics

Test Review
• Know who Mendel was
and what his
contribution to genetic
is. Be very familiar with
his experiments.
• Be able to define and
explain the vocabulary
terms from the sections
we have covered in
Chapter 16 and 17.
• Know the difference
between genes, alleles,
and traits.
• Be able to explain how
genes are passed down.
• Understand Protein synthesis, DNA bases and base
pairing, RNA bases and base pairing, and the roles and
functions of mRNA and tRNA.
• Be able to do autosomal and sex-linked Punnett squares.
• Know what “codominance” means and how it works.
• Know the difference between single gene traits, multiple
alleles, and polygenic traits (traits in which multiple genes
are involved such as height, skin color, etc)
• Be able to give the probability of specific genotypes in
offspring given the parents genotypes. Be able to give
probabilities in percentage or ratio form of phenotypes
and/or genotypes.
• Know the genotypes for blood types and be able to predict
blood types using a Punnett square.
• Be able to read and interpret a pedigree. You should be
able to give possible genotypes for members depicted on
a pedigree.
 • Know how sex-linked and other genetic disorders are
inherited. Be able to give examples from the book.
• Know the stages and results of both mitosis and
meiosis. How are they the same? How are they
different?

Practice
1. List the four nitrogen bases DNA is made up of.

2. Based on the Punnett square to the right, what is the probability that the
offspring will have the dominant phenotype? ___________________% B=blue
eyes; b = brown eyes

BB Bb

3. Will be a purebred?___________________% Bb bb

4. The Martian gene for skin color (S) has two alleles, green and purple. Green is
dominant. On the back, show the Punnett square cross for a homozygous
dominant male Martian and a purple female.

5. In humans, at the end of meiosis, ________ (how many) daughter cells have been
produced, each having _________ (how many) chromosomes.

6. Any change that occurs in a gene or chromosome is called a

_____________________.

7. The allele for the sickle-cell trait is (circle one) recessive dominant codominant

8. Hemophilia is caused by a (circle one) recessive dominant codominant allele on the

X chromosome.

9. If a woman is a carrier for hemophilia and she marries a man who is affected with
hemophilia, what is the probability that they will have a boy who will NOT be infected by
this condition?
 (Complete a Punnett Square) Answer: _____
%

10. Joe Schmoe is heterozygous for B type blood. He knows his mom is type O blood, but is
uncertain of his dad’s blood type. What blood type(s) is NOT POSSIBLE for his dad?
Circle all that apply.

Type A Type B Type AB Type O

11.Which of the following traits is controlled by multiple alleles? (Circle only one)

Straight hairline blood type widow’s peak smile dimples

12.A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait is called a
___________.

13.Albinism is a recessive allele disorder that is not sex-linked. If a person who is a carrier
for this trait marries a homozygous dominant person, what is the probability of them
having a child with the disorder?

(Complete a Punnett Square) Answer:

________%
14. If a person is homozygous for B type blood is crossed with a person who is O
type blood, what is the probability that they will have a child with O type blood?
(You must show your work on a Punnett Square)

Answer = ____________ %

Answer the questions about the Pedigree shown below:

15. How many children does the F1
generation have?

16. What is the term used to describe person

# 4?

17. Is it possible for the F3 generation to

have the disease? SHOW PROOF.
Pedigree Practice
Draw a pedigree below the case study that Label the pedigree below with the genotypes of
shows all the family members. Be sure to shade each family member. The trait being tracked is
in the circles or squares to represent the individuals RECESSIVE but it is unknown whether it is sex-linked
who have the trait as well as any carriers. Write the or not.
genotypes or possible genotypes and names of each
family member on the pedigree.

Case Study 1: Bam Bam and Pebbles

• Bam Bam and Pebbles have a daughter
named Ruby.
• Ruby has been diagnosed with hairy toe
disease, a recessive disorder.
• Bam Bam and Pebbles are both healthy.
• Pebble’s dad has hairy toe disease but her
mom is healthy and has no history of the disease in
her family.
• Bam Bam’s parents are both healthy.
Protein Synthesis:
Decode the message, making sure to fill in all the info for the mRNA and tRNA.

DNA Message:

ACG CTT GCG CTC CGG AAT TTT TAG GAC GAT CTC TCC TCG GAA
TAG TTC AAA TAC TAT

AAC TTT ACC TAT TGG GTG TCC TAA ACA CTT TTT GCA TAT AGG
GGT TAC CTC TCG
 Complete the data tables below with information in
Chapters 16 and 17

HUMAN GENETICS
Single Gene Multiple Gene Multiple Allele Sex-Linked Codominant
Traits Traits Traits Traits

Word Bank – You may use words more than once, or not at all 

skin color hemophilia eye color widow’s peak

dimples
height blood type hitchhikers thumb tongue
roller hair color

HUMAN GENETIC DISORDERS

Autosomal or What causes What are the Is there a
Disorder
Sex-linked? it? symptoms? cure?
Sickle Cell
Anemia
Down
Syndrome
Cystic
Fibrosis
Hemophilia