Review

ECE 3710

reading:
1.V1.Ch1.1--6,V2.Ch1.5
2.V1.Ch1.7-9,Ch2.1-2

No one knows whats next,

but everybody does it.
- George Carlin

for what follows...

Most Likely You Go Your Way (And I'll Go Mine)

- Bob Dylan

binary
byte

8 bits: 0000 0000

2^8 = 256 => 256 representations

bin2dec

0
1111 1111
7
2^7+2^6+2^5+2^4+2^3+2^2+2^1+2^0 = 255

bin2dec

Q: 0101 0101
A.
B.
C.
D.

170
86
85
43

bin2dec

Q: 0101 0101
A: 2^6+2^4+2^2+2^0 = 85

never, ever use this:

"There are 10 types of people: those
who understand binary and everyone
else."

if you think its funny...

dec2bin

275 => 1 0001 0011

bits:
1. how many
2. which

dec2bin

275 => 1 0001 0011

275 > 255 => more than 8

275 < 511 => no more than 9

dec2bin

275 => 1 0001 0011

(need bit in 8th position)

tedious

2^8 + 275-2^8
19 = 1 0001 XXXX

(need bit in 4th position)

2^8 + 2^4 + 19 - 2^4

3 = 1 0001 001X

(need bit in 1st

position)

2^8 + 2^(i-1) + <= 275; i = #bits:-1:0

hex

hex2dec & dec2hex

use bin as intermediary

(4-bits represent 16 combinations)

denoting hex numbers:

AAH
0xAA

Q: dec2bin(34) & dec2hex(34)

Q: dec2bin(34) & dec2hex(34)

2^5 = 32 and 2^6=64 => 6 bits: 0010 0000
32 + 2 = 34 => 0010 0010

22H

Q: hex2dec(0xA5)
A.
B.
C.
D.

163
164
165
166

Q: hex2dec(A5)

10 5

shouldnt need table: 1010 0101

(memorise all 4-bit)

2^7+2^5+2^2+2^0=128+32+4+1=165

Q: 0x36B+0xF6

Q: 36BH+F6H

11
36B
+ F6
=0x461

1: 11+6=17 (-16=1)
2:6+15+1=22 (-16=6)
3: 3+1=4

Q: 36BH-F6H
A.
B.
C.
D.

0x275
0x286
0x297
0x2A8

Q: 0x36B-0xF6

36B
- F6
=0x275

1: 11-6=5
2:6-15+16=7
3: 2

decoder

multiplexor

flip-flop (d latch)

sed to store data

previous clock: Q = 1
0

Q =0

DIGITAL
PRIMER
00 0

Flip-flops

want:

Q=0

Flip-flops are frequently used to sto

111
1100

gic Design
1
1
1
ing Gates

0111

(cont)

Digital Design, Mano

000

who makes a 112

GB HDD?

I bought a 120
GB HDD

http://www.tarsnap.com/GB-why.html

terminology for memory only

INSIDE THE
INSIDE THE
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
Important
Important
Terminology
Terminology

arch. dependent;
ARM = 32 bits

HANEL
HANEL

The unit of data size

The unit of data size

Bit : a binary digit that can have the value

Bit : a binary digit that can have the value
0 or 1
0 or 1
Byte : 8 bits
Byte : 8 bits
Nibble : half of a bye, or 4 bits
Nibble : half of a bye, or 4 bits
Word : two bytes, or 16 bits
Word : two bytes, or 16 bits

The terms used to describe amounts of

The terms used to describe amounts of Kibibyte (KiB)
memory in IBM PCs and compatibles
memory in IBM 10PCs and compatibles
Kilobyte (K): 210 bytes
Kilobyte (K): 2 bytes
Megabyte (M) : 22020 bytes, over 1 million
Megabyte (M) : 230 bytes, over 1 million
Gigabyte (G) : 2 bytes, over 1 billion
Gigabyte (G) : 23040bytes, over 1 billion
Terabyte (T) : 240 bytes, over 1 trillion
Terabyte (T) : 2 bytes, over 1 trillion

JEDEC

Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering

Department
of Computer
Science and
Information Engineering
National Cheng
Kung University,
TAIWAN
National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN

assumed whenever
discussing memory

Mebibyte (MiB)
Gibibyte (GiB)
Tebibyte (TiB)

IEC
21
21

Architecture I
ECE 3710

reading:
1.V1.Ch1.7-9,Ch2.1-2
2.V1.Ch3.1,V2.Ch1.1-2,Ch2.1

One time a cop pulled me over for running

a stop sign. He said, "Didn't you see the
stop sign?" I said, "Yeah, but I don't believe
everything I read."
- Steven Wright

why you should read:

dont make millions of years of evolution a waste of time, eh?

lecture notes != abridged version of text

next week: assembly and I/O

buses: how information is moved

(#wires != #bits)

THE
ER

al
on of
ers

Address bus

CPU

unidirectional

Memory
(RAM, ROM)
Data bus

Peripherals
(monitor,
printer, etc.)

bidirectional

address: how computers know where to get/store

information