Gagne`s

Nine Events of Instruction Model

By
Siba Kumar Panda
Asst.Prof,Dept of ECE
Centurion University,Odisha
Panda.sibakumar08@gmail.com

Stuff

About Robert Gagne's

Gagnes Conditions of Learning Theory
Gagnes four major plans for instructional theory
Gagnes 9Learning Principles
Application Areas
Advantages & Weaknesses of Gagne`s Model
Conclusion
Reference
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Introduction
Instructional design is the process for
systematically creating effective
instruction based on learner needs and
requirements.

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Objective
Understanding the Gagnes Nine Events of
Instruction model
Applications of Gagnes model

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Who is ROBERT GAGNE?

Robert Gagne's famous career
began with a bachelor's
degree from Yale in 1937, and
a Ph.D. in 1940 from Brown
University and died in 2002.
Gagne's major contributions
were as an experimental
psychologist who worked with
learning and instructional
methods.
His landmark book, "The
Conditions of Learning" was
published in 1965.
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Gagnes Model
According to Gagnes view, effective instruction
must reach beyond traditional learning theories
(cognitivism, constructivism and behaviorism)
and provide support to transition from simple
to complex skills using an hierarchical model for
learning.

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Gagnes Conditions of Learning Theory

1. Verbal information: Reciting something from memory
2. Intellectual skills:
Discrimination: Recognizing that two classes of things differ
Concrete concept: Classifying things by their physical features
alone
Defined concept: Classifying things by their abstract (and
possibly physical) features
Rule: Applying a simple procedure to solve a problem or
accomplish a task
Higher-order rule: Applying a complex procedure (or multiple
simple procedures) to solve a problem or accomplish a task
3. Cognitive strategies: Inventing or selecting a particular mental
process to solve a problem or accomplish a task
4. Attitudes: Choosing to behave in a way that reflects a newlyacquired value or belief
5. Motor skills: Performing a physical task to some specified
standard
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Gagnes four major plans for

instructional theory:
Learning goals can be categorized as to learning
outcome or knowledge type (types of learning)
Learning outcomes can be represented in a
predictable pre requisite relationship (learning
hierarchies)
Acquisition of different outcome categories requires
different internal processes (internal conditions of
learning)
Acquisition of different outcome categories requires
identifiably different instructional processes (events
of instruction and external conditions of learning).
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Gagnes 9Learning Principles

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9)

Gaining attention (reception)

Informing learners of the objective (expectancy)
Stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval)
Presenting the stimulus (selective perception)
Providing learning guidance (semantic encoding)
Eliciting performance (responding)
Providing feedback (reinforcement)
Assessing performance (retrieval)
Enhancing retention and transfer ( generalization)
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Gagnes 9Learning Principles

Con ..

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Gagnes 9Learning Principles

Event of
Instruction

1. Gaining
Attention

(reception)

2. Informing
the Learner of
the Objective
(expectancy)

Con ..

Lesson Example/ Conditions of

Learning

Justification

Teacher tells learners how

he/she has used PowerPoint in
the classroom.
Shows an example or a
PowerPoint.
Asks learners questions about
using PowerPoint.

Giving background information

creates validity.

Teacher says, Today we are

going to work on using a
multimedia presentation
software, Microsoft
PowerPoint.

Make learners aware of what to

expect so that they are aware
and prepared to receive
information.

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The use of multimedia grabs

the audiences attention.

Asking questions in the

beginning creates an
interactive atmosphere.

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Event of Instruction

3. Stimulating Recall
of Prior Learning

(retrieval)

4. Presenting the
Stimulus (selective

perception)

Lesson Example/
Conditions of Learning

Justification

For this particular group of

learners, they have
learned previously about
Microsoft Windows,
particularly Microsoft
Word. Teacher associates
this knowledge with
lesson at hand.

When learning something

new, assessing prior
knowledge is a major
factor in the process of
acquiring new information.

Teacher gives students

hands-on, step-by-step
tutorial on using Microsoft
PowerPoint.

The goal is information

acquisition, therefore, the
stimulus employed is
written content and the
actual software program.

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Event of Instruction

5. Providing
Learner Guidance

(semantic
encoding)

Lesson Example/ Conditions

of Learning

Justification

Teacher demonstrates how to

create a presentation,
Teacher moves around and
shows students how to use
the tools to type text, add
links, add symbols and clip
art, insert videos and
diagrams, use sounds, etc.
Learners are allowed to try
the tools demonstrated in
partners on their computers.

Teacher uses discovery

learning because learners
are adults and it gives
them the freedom to
explore. Teacher facilitates
the learning process by
giving hints and cues
when needed. Since the
audience are pre-service
with some basic level of
technology skills and the
software program is easy
to follow and understand,
guidance is minimal.

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Event of Instruction

6. Eliciting
Performance

(responding)

Lesson Example/
Conditions of Learning

Teacher asks students to

demonstrate PowerPoint
tools.

Justification

Requiring the learner to

produce based on what has
been taught enables the
learner to confirm their
learning.

Regular feedback enhances

learning.
7. Giving Feedback

(reinforcement)
8. Assessing
Performance

(retrieval)

Teacher gives immediate

feedback to learners after
eliciting responses.
Assign a practice activity
Create an electronic story
book using Microsoft
PowerPoint. Teacher
checks work.
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Independent practice forces

students to use what they
learned and apply it. Assessing
such gives instructors a means
of testing student learning
outcomes.
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Event of Instruction

9. Enhancing
Retention and
Transfer

( generalization)

Lesson Example/ Conditions

of Learning

Justification

Teacher asks learners to

create activities using
PowerPoint presentation for
6th Grade pupils. Teacher also
assigns learner to teach
another learner how to make
PowerPoint presentations.

Applying learning in real-life

situations is a step towards
Mastery Learning.

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Few Application Areas of Gagnes

Nine Events of Instruction
Applying Gagnes Nine Events in the Design of
an Interactive eBook to Learn 3D Animation
A New Approach of Image Processing Teaching
by Gagne Learning Conditional Theory
Gagne Nine Steps for E-Learning Education

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Advantages
The domains of learning helps teachers better
organize their thoughts and the objectives of
the instructional lesson (it is a good technique
to put more structure into the objectives of
lesson plans).
The domains of learning helps teachers to
better understand what types of learning to
expect to see from their students.
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Weaknesses
The theory is very systematic and inflexible at
most points. The systematic nature of the
theory may be a turn-off for many teachers,
particularly those who like to be creative.
The theory is not always easy to implement.
Many times it is difficult to take the goals a
teacher had for students, put them into the
correct learning outcome category, and then
create objectives using Gagne's standard.
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Conclusion
Gagns Nine Events of Instruction can help build
the framework with which to prepare and deliver
instructional content.
We should prepare course goals and learning
objectives before implementing the nine events
(the goals and objectives will actually help to
locate the events in their proper context).
These nine events of instruction can then be
modified to fit both the content to be presented
and the students level of knowledge.
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Reference
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http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/subscriptions/prod/mdl/
gagnes_nine_events.html \
Exploring Interactive Whiteboard Use In The 4 6 Grade Classroom Using Gagnes
Nine Events of Instruction, Beth Mckinney, University of Alabama
Gagn, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of instructional design
(4th ed.). Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers
V Model of E-Learning Using Gagne Nine Steps of Education, Hasan Al-Shalabi1,
Swidan Andraws2, Adnan I. Alrabea3, A. V. Senthil Kumar4, Journal of Software
Engineering and Applications, 2012, 5, 850-854
Jaemu Lee and Yong-Jae Lee , Development and Application of E-Learning
Content for Advertising Education , International Journal of Advanced Science and
Technology , vol. 47, oct-2012.
Swidan etal. , V Model of E-Learning Using Gagne Nine Steps of Education ,
Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,, vol. 5, oct-2012.
Liang-Yuan Hsiung, etal. A New Approach of Image Processing Teaching by Gagne
Learning Conditional Theory International Journal of Information and Education
Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2011
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